封面
市场调查报告书
商品编码
1696955

全球螺丝製造机市场研究报告-产业分析、规模、份额、成长、趋势与预测 2025 年至 2033 年

Global Screw Making Machine Market Research Report- Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast 2025 to 2033

出版日期: | 出版商: Value Market Research | 英文 128 Pages | 商品交期: 最快1-2个工作天内

价格

全球螺丝製造机市场规模预计将从 2024 年的 58.2 亿美元增长到 2033 年的 76.2 亿美元,在 2026 年至 2033 年的预测期内呈现 3.03% 的强劲年复合成长率(CAGR)。

随着各行业对精密紧固件的需求不断增加,螺丝製造机市场可望大幅成长。随着製造流程变得越来越复杂,符合严格规格的高品质螺丝和紧固件的需求至关重要。汽车、航太和电子等产业尤其依赖先进的螺丝製造技术来确保产品的完整性和性能。螺丝製造机的演变,结合了自动化和数控技术,提高了生产效率和准确性,使製造商能够满足日益增长的客製化紧固件需求。随着企业寻求优化供应链、缩短交货时间,预计这一趋势将持续下去,进一步推动市场向前发展。

此外,对永续性和资源效率的日益重视正在影响螺丝製造机市场。製造商越来越多地采用环保做法,例如利用再生材料和尽量减少生产过程中的浪费。这种转变不仅符合全球永续发展目标,也吸引了有环保意识的消费者和企业。此外,材料科学的进步也推动了创新螺桿设计的发展,从而提高了性能并减少了材料使用。随着各行各业都在寻求更环保的解决方案,对永续螺丝製造技术的需求预计将上升,从而推动市场进一步成长。

展望未来,螺丝製造机市场可能会见证製造商之间竞争和合作的加剧。机器製造商和最终用户之间的策略合作伙伴关係将促进开发满足特定行业需求的客製化解决方案。此外,物联网和人工智慧等智慧製造技术的整合将提高营运效率并实现预测性维护,减少停机时间并提高生产力。随着市场的发展,对创新、永续性和客製化的关注将塑造螺丝製造技术的未来,确保其在日益激烈的竞争环境中保持相关性。

我们的报告经过精心製作,为客户提供有关各个行业和市场的全面且可操作的见解。每份报告都包含几个关键部分,以确保彻底了解市场格局:

市场概览:市场的详细介绍,包括定义、分类和行业现状概述。

市场动态:深入分析影响市场成长的关键驱动因素、限制因素、机会与挑战。本节探讨技术进步、监管变化和新兴趋势等因素。

細項分析:根据产品类型、应用、最终用户和地理位置等标准将市场细分为不同的细分市场。该分析强调了每个部分的表现和潜力。

竞争格局:对主要市场参与者的全面评估,包括其市场份额、产品组合、策略倡议和财务表现。本节深入介绍领先公司的竞争动态和关键策略。

市场预测:根据历史资料和当前市场状况,预测特定时期内的市场规模和成长趋势。这包括定量分析和图形表示来说明未来的市场轨迹。

区域分析:评估不同地理区域的市场表现,确定关键市场和区域趋势。这有助于了解区域市场动态和机会。

新兴趋势与机会:识别当前和新兴的市场趋势、技术创新和潜在投资领域。本节提供未来市场发展和成长前景的见解。

目录

第 1 章:前言

  • 报告描述
    • 客观的
    • 目标受众
    • 独特的销售主张 (USP) 和产品
  • 研究范围
  • 研究方法
    • 市场研究流程
    • 市场研究方法

第 2 章:执行摘要

  • 市集亮点
  • 全球市场概况

第 3 章:螺丝製造机产业分析

  • 简介 - 市场动态
  • 市场驱动因素
  • 市场限制
  • 机会
  • 产业趋势
  • 波特五力分析
  • 市场吸引力分析
    • 按机器类型进行市场吸引力分析
    • 螺桿类型市场吸引力分析
    • 按产能(公斤/小时)进行的市场吸引力分析
    • 市场吸引力分析:按地区

第四章:价值链分析

  • 价值链分析
  • 原料分析
    • 原料清单
    • 原料製造商清单
    • 主要原物料价格走势
  • 潜在买家名单
  • 行销管道
    • 直效行销
    • 间接行销
    • 行销通路发展趋势

第 5 章:全球螺丝製造机市场分析:按机器类型

  • 按机器类型概览
  • 按机器类型进行的历史和预测资料分析
  • 自动的
  • 半自动
  • 手动的

第 6 章:全球螺丝製造机市场分析:按螺丝类型

  • 螺桿类型概览
  • 按螺桿类型进行历史和预测资料分析
  • 木螺丝
  • 金属螺丝
  • 塑胶螺丝
  • 特殊螺丝(自攻螺丝、钣金螺丝)

第 7 章:全球螺丝製造机市场分析:按产能(KG/HR)

  • 依产能 (公斤/小时) 分类
  • 按产能(公斤/小时)的历史和预测数据分析
  • 低(最多 5000)
  • 中(5001 至 10,000)
  • 高(10,001 以上)

第 8 章:全球螺丝製造机市场分析:按地区划分

  • 区域展望
  • 介绍
  • 北美销售分析
    • 概述、历史和预测数据销售分析
    • 北美分部销售分析
    • 北美各国销售分析
    • 美国销售分析
    • 加拿大销售分析
    • 墨西哥销售分析
  • 欧洲销售分析
    • 概述、历史和预测数据销售分析
    • 欧洲各细分市场销售分析
    • 欧洲各国销售分析
    • 英国销售分析
    • 法国销售分析
    • 德国销售分析
    • 义大利销售分析
    • 俄罗斯销售分析
    • 欧洲其他地区销售分析
  • 亚太地区销售分析
    • 概述、历史和预测数据销售分析
    • 亚太地区分部销售分析
    • 亚太地区国家销售分析
    • 中国销售分析
    • 印度销售分析
    • 日本销售分析
    • 韩国销售分析
    • 澳洲销售分析
    • 东南亚销售分析
    • 亚太地区其他地区销售分析
  • 拉丁美洲销售分析
    • 概述、历史和预测数据销售分析
    • 拉丁美洲各细分市场销售分析
    • 拉丁美洲各国销售分析
    • 巴西销售分析
    • 阿根廷销售分析
    • 秘鲁销售分析
    • 智利销售分析
    • 拉丁美洲其他地区销售分析
  • 中东和非洲销售分析
    • 概述、历史和预测数据销售分析
    • 中东和非洲分部销售分析
    • 中东和非洲国家销售分析
    • 沙乌地阿拉伯销售分析
    • 阿联酋销售分析
    • 以色列销售分析
    • 南非销售分析
    • 中东和非洲其他地区销售分析

第九章:螺丝製造机械公司的竞争格局

  • 螺丝製造机市场竞争
  • 伙伴关係/合作/协议
  • 合併与收购
  • 新产品发布
  • 其他进展

第十章:公司简介

  • 顶级公司市占率分析
  • 市场集中度
  • Shenzhen Tobest Industry Co. Ltd.
    • 公司概况
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最新动态
  • Taicang Airon Intelligent Technology Co. Ltd.
    • 公司概况
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最新动态
  • Tangshan Junnan Trade Co. Ltd.
    • 公司概况
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最新动态
  • Guangdong Yuhai Machinery Co. Ltd.
    • 公司概况
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最新动态
  • Xi'An Vaner Machinery Co. Ltd.
    • 公司概况
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最新动态
  • Fanuc
    • 公司概况
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最新动态
  • Okuma
    • 公司概况
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最新动态
  • Precision Screw Machine Products
    • 公司概况
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最新动态
  • Valley Machining Company
    • 公司概况
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最新动态
  • Wickman USA
    • 公司概况
    • 公司收入
    • 产品
    • 最新动态

注意 - 在公司简介中,财务细节和最新发展取决于可用性,对于私人公司,可能不予涵盖

Product Code: VMR112114605

Global Screw Making Machine Market size is anticipated to grow from USD 5.82 Billion in 2024 to USD 7.62 Billion by 2033, showcasing a robust Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 3.03% during the forecast period of 2026 to 2033.

The screw making machine market is poised for significant growth, driven by the increasing demand for precision-engineered fasteners across various industries. As manufacturing processes become more sophisticated, the need for high-quality screws and fasteners that meet stringent specifications is paramount. Industries such as automotive, aerospace, and electronics are particularly reliant on advanced screw making technologies to ensure product integrity and performance. The evolution of screw making machines, incorporating automation and CNC technology, is enhancing production efficiency and accuracy, allowing manufacturers to meet the rising demand for customized fasteners. This trend is expected to continue as companies seek to optimize their supply chains and reduce lead times, further propelling the market forward.

Moreover, the growing emphasis on sustainability and resource efficiency is influencing the screw making machine market. Manufacturers are increasingly adopting eco-friendly practices, such as utilizing recycled materials and minimizing waste during production. This shift not only aligns with global sustainability goals but also appeals to environmentally conscious consumers and businesses. Additionally, advancements in material science are leading to the development of innovative screw designs that enhance performance while reducing material usage. As industries strive for greener solutions, the demand for sustainable screw making technologies is anticipated to rise, driving further growth in the market.

Looking ahead, the screw making machine market is likely to witness increased competition and collaboration among manufacturers. Strategic partnerships between machine builders and end-users will facilitate the development of tailored solutions that address specific industry needs. Furthermore, the integration of smart manufacturing technologies, such as IoT and AI, will enhance operational efficiencies and enable predictive maintenance, reducing downtime and improving productivity. As the market evolves, the focus on innovation, sustainability, and customization will shape the future of screw making technologies, ensuring their relevance in an increasingly competitive landscape.

Our reports are meticulously crafted to provide clients with comprehensive and actionable insights into various industries and markets. Each report encompasses several critical components to ensure a thorough understanding of the market landscape:

Market Overview: A detailed introduction to the market, including definitions, classifications, and an overview of the industry's current state.

Market Dynamics: In-depth analysis of key drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges influencing market growth. This section examines factors such as technological advancements, regulatory changes, and emerging trends.

Segmentation Analysis: Breakdown of the market into distinct segments based on criteria like product type, application, end-user, and geography. This analysis highlights the performance and potential of each segment.

Competitive Landscape: Comprehensive assessment of major market players, including their market share, product portfolio, strategic initiatives, and financial performance. This section provides insights into the competitive dynamics and key strategies adopted by leading companies.

Market Forecast: Projections of market size and growth trends over a specified period, based on historical data and current market conditions. This includes quantitative analyses and graphical representations to illustrate future market trajectories.

Regional Analysis: Evaluation of market performance across different geographical regions, identifying key markets and regional trends. This helps in understanding regional market dynamics and opportunities.

Emerging Trends and Opportunities: Identification of current and emerging market trends, technological innovations, and potential areas for investment. This section offers insights into future market developments and growth prospects.

SEGMENTATION COVERED IN THE REPORT

By Machine Type

  • Automatic
  • Semi-automatic
  • Manual

By Screw Type

  • Wood Screws
  • Metal Screws
  • Plastic Screws
  • Specialty Screws (Self-tapping, Sheet Metal Screws)

By Capacity (Kg/Hr)

  • Low (Up to 5000)
  • Medium (5001 to 10,000)
  • High (Above 10,001)
  • COMPANIES PROFILED
  • Shenzhen Tobest Industry Co. Ltd.
  • Taicang Airon Intelligent Technology Co. Ltd.
  • Tangshan Junnan Trade Co. Ltd.
  • Guangdong Yuhai Machinery Co. Ltd.
  • Xi'an Vaner Machinery Co. Ltd.
  • Fanuc
  • Okuma
  • Precision Screw Machine Products
  • Valley Machining Company
  • Wickman USA.
  • The above list can be customized.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. PREFACE

  • 1.1. Report Description
    • 1.1.1 Objective
    • 1.1.2 Target Audience
    • 1.1.3 Unique Selling Proposition (USP) & offerings
  • 1.2. Research Scope
  • 1.3. Research Methodology
    • 1.3.1 Market Research Process
    • 1.3.2 Market Research Methodology

2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

  • 2.1. Highlights of Market
  • 2.2. Global Market Snapshot

3. SCREW MAKING MACHINE INDUSTRY ANALYSIS

  • 3.1. Introduction - Market Dynamics
  • 3.2. Market Drivers
  • 3.3. Market Restraints
  • 3.4. Opportunities
  • 3.5. Industry Trends
  • 3.6. Porter's Five Force Analysis
  • 3.7. Market Attractiveness Analysis
    • 3.7.1 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Machine Type
    • 3.7.2 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Screw Type
    • 3.7.3 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Capacity (Kg/Hr)
    • 3.7.4 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Region

4. VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS

  • 4.1. Value Chain Analysis
  • 4.2. Raw Material Analysis
    • 4.2.1 List of Raw Materials
    • 4.2.2 Raw Material Manufactures List
    • 4.2.3 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  • 4.3. List of Potential Buyers
  • 4.4. Marketing Channel
    • 4.4.1 Direct Marketing
    • 4.4.2 Indirect Marketing
    • 4.4.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend

5. GLOBAL SCREW MAKING MACHINE MARKET ANALYSIS BY MACHINE TYPE

  • 5.1. Overview By Machine Type
  • 5.2. Historical and Forecast Data Analysis By Machine Type
  • 5.3. Automatic Historic and Forecast Sales By Regions
  • 5.4. Semi-automatic Historic and Forecast Sales By Regions
  • 5.5. Manual Historic and Forecast Sales By Regions

6. GLOBAL SCREW MAKING MACHINE MARKET ANALYSIS BY SCREW TYPE

  • 6.1. Overview By Screw Type
  • 6.2. Historical and Forecast Data Analysis By Screw Type
  • 6.3. Wood Screws Historic and Forecast Sales By Regions
  • 6.4. Metal Screws Historic and Forecast Sales By Regions
  • 6.5. Plastic Screws Historic and Forecast Sales By Regions
  • 6.6. Specialty Screws (Self-tapping, Sheet Metal Screws) Historic and Forecast Sales By Regions

7. GLOBAL SCREW MAKING MACHINE MARKET ANALYSIS BY CAPACITY (KG/HR)

  • 7.1. Overview By Capacity (Kg/Hr)
  • 7.2. Historical and Forecast Data Analysis By Capacity (Kg/Hr)
  • 7.3. Low (Up to 5000) Historic and Forecast Sales By Regions
  • 7.4. Medium (5001 to 10,000) Historic and Forecast Sales By Regions
  • 7.5. High (Above 10,001) Historic and Forecast Sales By Regions

8. GLOBAL SCREW MAKING MACHINE MARKET ANALYSIS BY GEOGRAPHY

  • 8.1. Regional Outlook
  • 8.2. Introduction
  • 8.3. North America Sales Analysis
    • 8.3.1 Overview, Historic and Forecast Data Sales Analysis
    • 8.3.2 North America By Segment Sales Analysis
    • 8.3.3 North America By Country Sales Analysis
    • 8.3.4 United States Sales Analysis
    • 8.3.5 Canada Sales Analysis
    • 8.3.6 Mexico Sales Analysis
  • 8.4. Europe Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.1 Overview, Historic and Forecast Data Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.2 Europe By Segment Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.3 Europe By Country Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.4 United Kingdom Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.5 France Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.6 Germany Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.7 Italy Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.8 Russia Sales Analysis
    • 8.4.9 Rest Of Europe Sales Analysis
  • 8.5. Asia Pacific Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.1 Overview, Historic and Forecast Data Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.2 Asia Pacific By Segment Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.3 Asia Pacific By Country Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.4 China Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.5 India Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.6 Japan Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.7 South Korea Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.8 Australia Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.9 South East Asia Sales Analysis
    • 8.5.10 Rest Of Asia Pacific Sales Analysis
  • 8.6. Latin America Sales Analysis
    • 8.6.1 Overview, Historic and Forecast Data Sales Analysis
    • 8.6.2 Latin America By Segment Sales Analysis
    • 8.6.3 Latin America By Country Sales Analysis
    • 8.6.4 Brazil Sales Analysis
    • 8.6.5 Argentina Sales Analysis
    • 8.6.6 Peru Sales Analysis
    • 8.6.7 Chile Sales Analysis
    • 8.6.8 Rest of Latin America Sales Analysis
  • 8.7. Middle East & Africa Sales Analysis
    • 8.7.1 Overview, Historic and Forecast Data Sales Analysis
    • 8.7.2 Middle East & Africa By Segment Sales Analysis
    • 8.7.3 Middle East & Africa By Country Sales Analysis
    • 8.7.4 Saudi Arabia Sales Analysis
    • 8.7.5 UAE Sales Analysis
    • 8.7.6 Israel Sales Analysis
    • 8.7.7 South Africa Sales Analysis
    • 8.7.8 Rest Of Middle East And Africa Sales Analysis

9. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE OF THE SCREW MAKING MACHINE COMPANIES

  • 9.1. Screw Making Machine Market Competition
  • 9.2. Partnership/Collaboration/Agreement
  • 9.3. Merger And Acquisitions
  • 9.4. New Product Launch
  • 9.5. Other Developments

10. COMPANY PROFILES OF SCREW MAKING MACHINE INDUSTRY

  • 10.1. Top Companies Market Share Analysis
  • 10.2. Market Concentration Rate
  • 10.3. Shenzhen Tobest Industry Co. Ltd.
    • 10.3.1 Company Overview
    • 10.3.2 Company Revenue
    • 10.3.3 Products
    • 10.3.4 Recent Developments
  • 10.4. Taicang Airon Intelligent Technology Co. Ltd.
    • 10.4.1 Company Overview
    • 10.4.2 Company Revenue
    • 10.4.3 Products
    • 10.4.4 Recent Developments
  • 10.5. Tangshan Junnan Trade Co. Ltd.
    • 10.5.1 Company Overview
    • 10.5.2 Company Revenue
    • 10.5.3 Products
    • 10.5.4 Recent Developments
  • 10.6. Guangdong Yuhai Machinery Co. Ltd.
    • 10.6.1 Company Overview
    • 10.6.2 Company Revenue
    • 10.6.3 Products
    • 10.6.4 Recent Developments
  • 10.7. Xi'An Vaner Machinery Co. Ltd.
    • 10.7.1 Company Overview
    • 10.7.2 Company Revenue
    • 10.7.3 Products
    • 10.7.4 Recent Developments
  • 10.8. Fanuc
    • 10.8.1 Company Overview
    • 10.8.2 Company Revenue
    • 10.8.3 Products
    • 10.8.4 Recent Developments
  • 10.9. Okuma
    • 10.9.1 Company Overview
    • 10.9.2 Company Revenue
    • 10.9.3 Products
    • 10.9.4 Recent Developments
  • 10.10. Precision Screw Machine Products
    • 10.10.1 Company Overview
    • 10.10.2 Company Revenue
    • 10.10.3 Products
    • 10.10.4 Recent Developments
  • 10.11. Valley Machining Company
    • 10.11.1 Company Overview
    • 10.11.2 Company Revenue
    • 10.11.3 Products
    • 10.11.4 Recent Developments
  • 10.12. Wickman USA
    • 10.12.1 Company Overview
    • 10.12.2 Company Revenue
    • 10.12.3 Products
    • 10.12.4 Recent Developments

Note - In company profiling, financial details and recent developments are subject to availability or might not be covered in the case of private companies

LIST OF TABLES

  • Market Snapshot
  • Drivers: Impact Analysis
  • Restraints: Impact Analysis
  • List of Raw Material
  • List of Raw Material Manufactures
  • Analysis By Machine Type (USD MN)
  • Automatic Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Semi-automatic Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Manual Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Analysis By Screw Type (USD MN)
  • Wood Screws Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Metal Screws Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Plastic Screws Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Specialty Screws (Self-tapping, Sheet Metal Screws) Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Analysis By Capacity (Kg/Hr) (USD MN)
  • Low (Up to 5000) Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Medium (5001 to 10,000) Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • High (Above 10,001) Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Screw Making Machine Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • North America Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • United States Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Canada Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Mexico Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Europe Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Europe Market Estimate By Country (USD MN)
  • United Kingdom Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • France Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Germany Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Italy Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Russia Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Spain Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Rest of Europe Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Asia Pacific Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • China Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Japan Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • India Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • South Korea Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Australia Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • South East Asia Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Rest of Asia Pacific Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Latin America Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Brazil Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Argentina Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Peru Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Chile Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Rest of Latin America Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Middle East & Africa Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Saudi Arabia Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • UAE Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Israel Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • South Africa Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Rest of Middle East and Africa Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Partnership/Collaboration/Agreement
  • Mergers And Acquisition

LIST OF FIGURES

  • Research Scope of Screw Making Machine Report
  • Market Research Process
  • Market Research Methodology
  • Global Screw Making Machine Market Size, By Region (USD MN)
  • Porters Five Forces Analysis
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis By Machine Type
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis By Screw Type
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis By Capacity (Kg/Hr)
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis By Region
  • Value Chain Analysis
  • Global Market Analysis By Machine Type (USD MN)
  • Automatic Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Semi-automatic Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Manual Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Market Analysis By Screw Type (USD MN)
  • Wood Screws Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Metal Screws Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Plastic Screws Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Specialty Screws (Self-tapping, Sheet Metal Screws) Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Market Analysis By Capacity (Kg/Hr) (USD MN)
  • Low (Up to 5000) Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Medium (5001 to 10,000) Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • High (Above 10,001) Market Sales By Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Market Sales (USD MN)
  • North America Market Sales (USD MN)
  • Europe Market Sales (USD MN)
  • Asia Pacific Market Sales (USD MN)
  • Latin America Market Sales (USD MN)
  • Middle East & Africa Market Sales (USD MN)
  • Recent Development in Industry
  • Top Company Market Share Analysis

Kindly note that the above listed are the basic tables and figures of the report and are not limited to the TOC.