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无电池电能储存与储存淘汰（milliWh-GWh）：市场与技术（2024-2044）
市场调查报告书
商品编码
1364940

无电池电能储存与储存淘汰（milliWh-GWh）：市场与技术（2024-2044）

Battery-Free Electrical Energy Storage and Storage Elimination milliWh-GWh: Markets, Technologies 2024-2044
出版日期: | 出版商: Zhar Research | 英文 429 Pages | 商品交期: 最快1-2个工作天内

价格
简介目录

市场力量需求超出了电池所能实现的范围

未来20年将带来雷射手枪、大型雷射炮、许多新型航太和医疗脉衝技术、快速响应应急电源、数月或数季的太阳能电网储存、氢高铁、热核发电等.将得到广泛扩展。 无电池储能对这一切至关重要。 由于其基本化学性质，电池无法实现所需的脉衝功率、最小自放电、GWh 经济性和长寿命。 例如，无电池储存是一种主要基于物理的方法，可提供高 100 倍的功率密度、零自放电、低 10 倍的 LCOS GWh 和 100 年的使用寿命。 而且它们通常不易燃，不存在毒性或稀缺问题。

随着需求的变化，无电池储存快速成长

无电池储存技术预计将远远超过当今价值 250 亿美元的电网抽水蓄能专案和 40 亿美元的超级电容器和电容器组专案。 这包括製造举重、压缩气体、化学中间体和超级电容器衍生物，其中大多数已经获得了第一批延迟供电的大订单。 除此之外，也对抽水蓄能和电动飞轮和热延迟电力等利基领域进行了改造。

储存消除技术的大市场正在兴起

此外，消除储存技术还包括计画中的为无电源物联网节点供电的6G通讯、在运作过程中产生化学物质的太阳能发电厂，以及在有光时移动的蜥蜴形微型机器人。 当多模式能量收集接收到足够的输入时，一些无线感测器网路节点进行通讯。 由于采用新型超低功耗电子设备，其中许多只需要很少的电力。

本报告调查了无电池电能储存和消除储存市场，包括电源和电池挑战、主要无电池储存技术的类型和概述、储存消除电路和基础设施以及技术发展趋势。以及路线图为了未来的发展。

目录

第 1 章执行摘要/概述

  • 本书的目的与范围
  • 调查方法
  • 概述/预测
  • 13个主要结论：无电池技术
  • 无电池储存与消除储存路线图
  • 无电池市场预测及与锂离子电池的比较
  • SWOT评估：无电池储能技术
  • SWOT 评估：储存消除电路和基础设施

第 2 章简介

  • 电气化大趋势、电池的采用和废除
  • 电池压力
  • 包括 6G 在内的 ICT 电源问题
  • WPT□WIET□SWIPT
  • 物联网及其电源问题与解决方案
  • 100% 零排放再生电力和增加间歇性供应的趋势
  • 无电池储存工具套件

第 3 章无线电子设备与电池的淘汰

  • 摘要
  • 自供电感测器的趋势
  • 被动中继天线、超材料被动6G反射器
  • 反向散射 - EAS 和被动 RFID，更复杂的形式
  • 用于 6G 和物联网的 WIET（无线资讯和能量传输）
  • 能量收集与需求管理
  • 无电池电子产品：感测器、物联网节点、手机、相机、小型无人机
  • 不含电池的电力电子设备
  • SWOT 评估：消除储存的电路和基础设施

第 4 章减少电池数量和尺寸的策略

  • 摘要
  • 电子设备中的 BEC（电池消除电路）可减少所需电池的数量
  • V2G、V2H、V2V、电池消除，透过太阳能板直接为车辆充电
  • 需求管理
  • 零排放发电技术，间歇性中断较少

第 5 章能量收集，以消除 6G、物联网、穿戴式装置和其他系统中的电池 (Micro W-GW)

  • 摘要
  • 能量收集系统的设计
  • 能量收集系统详细资讯和年度改进策略
  • 需要收集微瓦到吉瓦能量的设备和结构
  • 14种新型能量收集技术
  • 九种能量收集形式
  • 机械收割的详细信息，包括声学
  • 机械能源与收穫选项
  • 电动采集方面的进展
  • 电磁能源与收集选项
  • 增加单位体积和单位面积太阳能发电量的策略
  • 太阳能在更多地方变得可行且经济实惠：极限车辆、智慧手錶等。
  • 弹性层流能量收集的重要性
  • 其他例子：压电、热电、磁电、太阳能

第六章电容器、超级电容器、赝电容器、锂离子电容器

  • 电容器位置及其变化
  • 选择范围：电容器、超级电容器、电池
  • 研究管线：纯超级电容器
  • 研究通路：混合方法
  • 研究管线：赝电容器
  • 超级电容器及其衍生物的实际和潜在用途
  • 103家超级电容器企业评估

第 7 章 LDES（长时间储能）：用于 6G/IoT 资料中心、基地台、建筑物、微电网和电网的大容量无电池储存

  • 摘要
  • 成本：太阳能主导电网和微电网发电的原因之一
  • 太阳能的优点：如何从小型系统开始
  • 电网、微型电网和建筑物的储能
  • LDES 技术的可能性：整体情况
  • LDES 工具包
  • LDES技术的等效效率与储存时间之间的关係
  • 适用于电网、微电网和建筑的 LDES：最畅销的技术
  • LDES 技术的可用场地与空间效率比较
  • LDES 路线图
  • 将于 2023 年至 2033 年间完成的 LDES 专案的经验教训
  • LDES 路线图
  • LCOS 美元/kWh 趋势与储存时间/放电时间之间的关係
  • LDES功率GW趋势与储存/放电时间之间的关係
  • LDES 技术：储存天数和额定功率返回 MW
  • LDES 技术：储存天数与兆瓦时量
  • 在各种延迟后为 LDES 提供峰值功率的可能性：透过技术
  • CAES（压缩空气储能）
  • 液化气体储能：液态空气AES或CO2
  • 固态重力储能
  • APHES（先进抽水蓄能）
  • SWOT评估：无电池储能技术

第 8 章拟议的氢经济及其用于延迟发电的用途

  • 摘要
  • 氢气供应来源和用途的估算
  • 氢的起源的阐明
  • 2024年氢经济现状
  • 氢气储存选项和实施
  • 零排放电力分配和使用的主要选择
简介目录

Summary

A huge new market for materials and hardware awaits you in the new Zhar Research report, "Battery-free electrical energy storage and storage elimination milliWh-GWh: markets, technologies 2024-2044" at 429 pages. There is a glossary at the start and terms are explained throughout the report.

Market needs often moving beyond what batteries can achieve

The next 20 years will see the widespread deployment of laser pistols, large laser cannon, many new aerospace and medical pulse technologies, fast-response emergency power, months-to-seasonal solar grid storage, hydrogen high-speed trains, maybe some thermonuclear power. Battery-free energy storage will be essential to all of them, mainly because batteries can never provide the required pulse power, minimal self-leakage, GWh economy or longest life due to their fundamental chemistry. For example, the largely physics-based approach of battery-free storage variously provides one hundred times the power density, zero self-leakage, one tenth of the GWh Levelised Cost of Storage LCOS and/or 100-year life. Indeed, it is typically non-flammable, with no toxicity or scarcity issues.

Massive growth in battery-free storage as needs change

Batteryless storage technologies are on a trajectory way beyond today's $25 billion business of pumped hydro for grids and the $4 billion business of supercapacitors and capacitor banks. This is a world that includes lifting weights, compressing gases, chemical intermediaries and making supercapacitor derivatives, with most of those already landing first large orders for delayed electricity. Add pumped hydro reinvented and niches like electrical flywheels and thermally delayed electricity.

Large market emerging for storage elimination technology

Storage elimination is also covered including planned 6G Communications powering powerless IoT nodes only when interrogated, solar farms making chemicals when operative and the lizard-like microbot moving when light is available. Some Wireless Sensor Network nodes communicate when their multi-mode energy harvesting has enough input - which can be often, thanks to the new ultra- low power electronics needing only a whisper of electricity.

Lithium-ion batteries do not escape the S curve

The Zhar Research facts-based analysis finds that lithium-ion battery sales are not immune to the S curve. They will saturate at around $330 billion as we approach 2044 because of new batteries, decline of their major applications and inability to serve those huge new batteryless markets. Later on the S curve, your around $230 billion batteryless storage opportunity and your market for storage elimination technology will both be growing increasingly rapidly in twenty years from now. Learn how to create a multi-billion-dollar hardware business out of that, including gaps in the market, potential acquisitions, partners and best pickings from the research pipeline.

What is offered in the new report:

The Executive Summary and Conclusions at 37 pages is sufficient for those with limited time. Here are the basics, methodology, 22 key conclusions, roadmaps 2024-2044 and the 31 forecast lines 2024-2044. Many new infograms make it easy reading. See SWOT appraisals: one of battery-free technologies and one of storage elimination.

Chapter 2 Introduction has 10 pages covering megatrends of electrification, battery adoption and battery elimination, pressures on batteries 2024-2044, Information and Communication Technology ICT power issues including 6G, WPT, WIET, SWIPT, Internet of Things and its power problems and solutions. Understand the trend to 100% zero-emission renewable power and increased intermittency of supply from more wind/ solar. Understand renewable energy by country and its effect on Long Duration Energy Storage LDES choices. Here is the batteryless storage toolkit from options with little growth potential - inductor, conventional capacitor, flywheel - and those with major growth potential: supercapacitors and their variants and the heavy engineering options.

Chapter 3 "Wireless electronics and electrics battery elimination" takes 40 pages, including a SWOT appraisal, to explain these aspects in more detail. Highlights include the trends to self-powered sensors, passive repeater antennas, metamaterial passive 6G reflectors, backscatter - EAS and passive RFID then more sophisticated forms, wireless information and energy transfer WIET for 6G and IOT, even wireless Internet of Everything IoE from forthcoming 6G. Here are energy harvesting with demand management to reduce or eliminate storage and detail on battery-free electronics: sensors, phones, cameras, small drones, self-powered sensors and also sensors and biometric access by harvesting man-made radiation. Understand the contribution of those ultra-low power circuits, the new intermittency-tolerant electronics and battery-free power electrics, even vehicle charging direct from solar.

The 19 pages of Chapter 4. "Strategies for fewer and smaller batteries" explores intermittency issues and solutions including Battery Elimination Circuits BEC and both multi-mode and multi-source energy harvesting. The 24 pages of Chapter 5 "Energy harvesting µW to GW for battery reduction and elimination in 6G, IOT, wearables and other systems" are also an easy read, again with the priority being business opportunities not nostalgia or academic obscurity. You are now sufficiently warmed up to absorb the heroic deep-dive chapters.

Chapter 6 "Capacitors, supercapacitors, pseudocapacitors, lithium-ion capacitors" takes 133 pages to explain why these will sell at 7.5 times the 2024 level in 2044. Clue: much of that projection comes from new market needs that call for their particular attributes. They are appearing in aircraft, aerospace, electric vehicles, microgrids, grids, for peak shaving, renewable energy, uninterrupted power supplies, medical, wearables, military such as the new pulsed linear accelerator weapons, radar and trucks. Add power and signal electronics, data centers and welding all with subsections here.

See the spectrum of choice and latest research pipeline separately for pure supercapacitors, many hybrid approaches and pseudocapacitors. That prepares you for the coverage of actual and potential major applications of supercapacitors and their derivatives and the very detailed comparison of 103 supercapacitor companies assessed in 10 columns with a profusion of illustrations.

Chapter 7 "Large capacity battery-free storage for 6G/IOT base stations, data centers, buildings, microgrid and grid Long Duration Energy Storage LDES" is also a very deep dive. Its 140 pages are necessary because this heavy end, mainly MWh to GWh, is going to grow eightfold to around $200 billion in 2044. Mostly, that is because so many microgrids and grids will progress to highly intermittent solar and wind power because of dramatic cost advantages even allowing for the added need for storage. 50-100% adoption in a given system demands months to seasonal storage that batteries can never provide competitively. Because it has the largest potential market, LDES takes most of this chapter with six SWOT appraisals, roadmaps and parameter comparisons as tables and infograms comparing everything from hydrogen intermediary to thermal for delayed electricity, including how they will improve. Most detail is on those assessed to be particularly promising for growing the market, including compressed air, liquid air or carbon dioxide, lifting solid weights, pumped hydro reinvented. See parameters, costings, competitors, technologies and targets.

Hydrogen has a place

Hydrogen is an important part of this story, from Chinese supercapacitor-hydrogen high-speed trains demonstrated in 2023 to hydrogen storage in salt caverns proposed for the UK and elsewhere for months-to-seasonally delayed electricity. Although hydrogen storage is covered in Chapter 7, the brief Chapter 8 gives the bigger picture of "The proposed hydrogen economy and its use for delayed electricity" in seven pages, mostly detailed infograms, to close the report.

Be inspired

We therefore trust that you will then be sufficiently inspired and informed to consider making a multi-billion-dollar hardware business out of some of this. Zhar Research report, "Battery-free electrical energy storage and storage elimination milliWh-GWh: markets, technologies 2024-2044" is your essential reading.

Table of Contents

1. Executive summary and conclusions

  • 1.1. Purpose and scope of this report
  • 1.2. Methodology of this analysis
  • 1.3. Nine primary market conclusions including battery vs batteryless storage forecast 2024-2044
  • 1.4. Thirteen primary conclusions: batteryless technologies 2024-2044
  • 1.5. Battery-free storage and storage elimination roadmaps 2024-2044
    • 1.5.1. Battery-free storage vs storage elimination
    • 1.5.2. Long Duration Energy Storage LDES roadmap 2024-2044
  • 1.6. Batteryless market forecasts and, for comparison, lithium-ion batteries 2024-2044
    • 1.6.1. Batteryless storage for electricity-to-electricity: terminology and trends
    • 1.6.2. Batteryless storage short vs long duration 2023-2044
    • 1.6.3. Batteryless energy storage vs lithium-ion battery market $ billion 2023-2044: table, graphs, explanation
    • 1.6.4. Lithium-ion battery market by three storage levels 2023-2044: table
    • 1.6.5. Lithium-ion battery market by three storage levels $ billion 2023-2044: graphs
    • 1.6.6. Batteryless energy storage by three storage levels $ billion 2023-2044: table
    • 1.6.7. Batteryless energy storage by three storage levels $ billion 2023-2044: graphs and explanation
    • 1.6.8. Batteryless storage market by 13 technology categories $ billion 2023-2044 table
    • 1.6.9. Batteryless storage market by 13 technology categories $ billion 2023-2044 area graph and 2044 pie chart
    • 1.6.10. Infrastructure enabling client devices without storage: global yearly 6G RIS sales by five types and total $ billion 2024-2044 table
    • 1.6.11. Global yearly 6G RIS sales by five types $ billion 2023-2043: area graph with explanation
    • 1.6.12. Batteryless backscatter RFID and EAS tags market $ billion 2023-2044: table and graphs
  • 1.7. SWOT appraisal of batteryless storage technologies
  • 1.8. SWOT appraisal of circuits and infrastructure that eliminate storage

2. Introduction

  • 2.1. Megatrends of electrification, battery adoption and battery elimination
    • 2.1.1. Overview
    • 2.1.2. Electronics and small electrical devices
  • 2.2. Pressures on batteries 2024-2044
  • 2.3. Information and communication technology ICT power issues including 6G
  • 2.4. WPT, WIET, SWIPT
  • 2.5. Internet of Things and its power problems and solutions
  • 2.6. Trending to 100% zero-emission renewable power and increased intermittency of supply
    • 2.6.1. Overview
    • 2.6.2. Renewable energy by country and effect on Long Duration Energy Storage LDES choices
  • 2.7. Batteryless storage toolkit
    • 2.7.1. Options with little growth potential: inductor, conventional capacitor, flywheel
    • 2.7.2. Options with major growth potential: supercapacitors and their variants, heavy engineering

3. Wireless electronics and electrics battery elimination

  • 3.1. Overview
  • 3.2. The trend to self-powered sensors
  • 3.3. Passive repeater antennas, metamaterial passive 6G reflectors
  • 3.4. Backscatter - EAS and passive RFID then more sophisticated forms
  • 3.5. Wireless information and energy transfer WIET for 6G and IoT
    • 3.5.1. WIET/ SWIPT
    • 3.5.2. Wireless powered IoE for 6G
  • 3.6. Energy harvesting with demand management
  • 3.7. Battery-free electronics: sensors, IOT nodes, phones, cameras, small drones
    • 3.7.1. Overview and self-powered sensors
    • 3.7.2. Sensors and biometric access by harvesting man-made radiation
    • 3.7.3. IOT node strategies for battery-free
    • 3.7.4. Mobile phone and electronic stylus
    • 3.7.5. Battery-free camera using excess light
    • 3.7.6. EnOcean building controls "no wires, no batteries, no limits" pitched as IoT
    • 3.7.7. Battery-free drones as sensors and IOT
    • 3.7.8. The Everactive ultra-low power circuits contribution to IoT
    • 3.7.9. Intermittency-tolerant electronics BFree
  • 3.8. Battery-free power electrics
    • 3.8.1. Overview: hand cranked electrics, capacitor dynamos etc.
    • 3.8.2. Vehicle charging direct from solar
  • 3.9. SWOT appraisal of circuits and infrastructure that eliminate storage

4. Strategies for fewer and smaller batteries

  • 4.1. Overview
  • 4.2. Battery elimination circuits BEC in electronics reducing number of batteries needed
  • 4.3. Battery reduction by V2G, V2H, V2V and vehicle charging directly from solar panels
  • 4.4. Demand management
    • 4.4.1. Overview
    • 4.4.2. Lessons from wireless sensor networks
    • 4.4.3. Lessons from active RFID
  • 4.5. Less intermittent zero emission electricity generation technologies
    • 4.5.1. Types if intermittency of supply
    • 4.5.2. Less intermittent single sources
    • 4.5.3. Multi-mode and multiple-source harvesting to reduce intermittency
    • 4.5.4. Multi-mode harvesting research pipeline
    • 4.5.5. Combining different harvesting technologies in one device: research pipeline

5. Energy harvesting µW-GW for battery reduction and elimination in 6G, IOT, wearables and other systems

  • 5.1. Overview
  • 5.2. Energy harvesting system design
    • 5.2.1. Elements of a harvesting system
    • 5.2.2. Ultra-low power 6G, IoT and other client devices to reduce harvesting need
  • 5.3. Energy harvesting system detail with improvement strategies 2023-2043
  • 5.4. Energy harvesting devices and structures needing energy harvesting µW-GW 2023-2043
  • 5.5. 14 families of energy harvesting technology emerging µW-GW 2023-2043
  • 5.6. A closer look at nine forms of energy harvesting 2023-2043
  • 5.7. Mechanical harvesting including acoustic in detail
  • 5.8. Sources of mechanical energy and harvesting options 2023-2043
  • 5.9. Electrodynamic harvesting advances
    • 5.9.1. Kinetron electrodynamic ("electrokinetic") harvesters typically harvesting infrasound
    • 5.9.2. Transpiration electrokinetic harvesting for battery-free power supply
  • 5.10. Sources of electromagnetic energy and harvesting options 2023-2043
  • 5.11. Strategies for increasing photovoltaic output per unit volume and area 2023-2043
  • 5.12. Photovoltaics feasible and affordable in more places: extreme vehicles, smartwatches
  • 5.13. Importance of flexible laminar energy harvesting 2023-2043
    • 5.13.1. Overview
    • 5.13.2. Flexible energy harvesting: biofuel cell skin sensor system
  • 5.14. Other examples : piezoelectric, thermoelectric, magnetoelectric, photovoltaic

6. Capacitors, supercapacitors, pseudocapacitors, lithium-ion capacitors

  • 6.1. The place of capacitors and their variants
  • 6.2. Spectrum of choice - capacitor to supercapacitor to battery
  • 6.3. Research pipeline: pure supercapacitors
  • 6.4. Research pipeline: hybrid approaches
  • 6.5. Research pipeline: pseudocapacitors
  • 6.6. Actual and potential major applications of supercapacitors and their derivatives 2024-2044
    • 6.6.1. Overview
    • 6.6.2. Aircraft and aerospace
    • 6.6.3. Electric vehicles: AGV, material handling, car, truck, bus, tram, train
    • 6.6.4. Grid, microgrid, peak shaving, renewable energy and uninterrupted power supplies
    • 6.6.5. Medical and wearables
    • 6.6.6. Military: Laser cannon, railgun, pulsed linear accelerator weapon, radar, trucks, other
    • 6.6.7. Power and signal electronics, data centers
    • 6.6.8. Welding
  • 6.7. 103 supercapacitor companies assessed in 10 columns

7. Large capacity battery-free storage for 6G/IoT data centers, base stations, buildings, microgrid and grid Long Duration Energy Storage LDES

  • 7.1. Overview
  • 7.2. How cost becomes one reason for solar dominating grid and microgrid generation
  • 7.3. How dominance of solar starts at the smaller systems
  • 7.4. Energy storage for grids, microgrids and buildings 2024-2044
  • 7.5. Big picture of LDES technology potential
  • 7.6. LDES toolkit
  • 7.7. Equivalent efficiency vs storage hours for LDES technologies
  • 7.8. Technologies for largest number of LDES sold for grids, microgrids, buildings
  • 7.9. Available sites vs space efficiency for LDES technologies
  • 7.10. LDES roadmap 2024-2033
  • 7.11. Lessons from LDES projects completing 2023-2033
  • 7.12. LDES roadmap 2033-2044
  • 7.13. LCOS $/kWh trend vs storage and discharge time
  • 7.14. LDES power GW trend vs storage and discharge time
  • 7.15. Days storage vs rated power return MW for LDES technologies
  • 7.16. Days storage vs amount MWh for LDES technologies
  • 7.17. Potential by technology to supply LDES at peak power after various delays
  • 7.18. Compressed air energy storage CAES
    • 7.18.1. Overview
    • 7.18.2. Parameter appraisal of CAES for LDES
    • 7.18.3. Technology options
    • 7.18.4. CAES manufacturers, projects and research
    • 7.18.5. CAES companies: Hydrostor and others
    • 7.18.6. SWOT appraisal of CAES for LDES
  • 7.19. Liquefied gas energy storage: Liquid air LAES or CO2
    • 7.19.1. Overview
    • 7.19.2. Principle of a liquified air energy storage system
    • 7.19.3. Parameter appraisal of LAES for LDES
    • 7.19.4. Increasing the LAES storage time and discharge duration
    • 7.19.5. LAES supplier assessments with Zhar Research appraisal: Highview Power, Phelas
    • 7.19.6. LAES research: Mitsubishi Hitachi, Linde, European Union, Others
    • 7.19.7. SWOT appraisal for LAES for LDES
    • 7.18.8. Energy Dome Italy - carbon dioxide storage
    • 7.18.9. SWOT appraisal of Energy Dome liquid CO2 for LDES
  • 7.20. Solid gravity energy storage
    • 7.20.1. Overview
    • 7.20.2. Energy Vault Switzerland, USA with Zhar Research appraisal
    • 7.20.3. Gravitricity UK with Zhar Research appraisal
    • 7.20.4. SinkFloatSolutions France with Zhar Research appraisal
    • 7.20.5. Parameter appraisal of SGES for LDES
    • 7.20.6. SWOT appraisal of SGES for LDES
  • 7.21. Advanced pumped hydro energy storage APHES
    • 7.21.1. Overview
    • 7.21.2. Quidnet Energy USA: pressurised hydro underground with Zhar Research appraisal
    • 7.21.3. Underwater pumped hydro StEnSea, Ocean Grazer with Zhar Research appraisals
    • 7.21.4. Cavern Energy USA - brine in salt caverns with Zhar Research appraisal
    • 7.21.5. Mine Storage Sweden - Hydro in mines with Zhar Research appraisal
    • 7.21.6. RheEnergise UK hills and heavy liquid with Zhar Research appraisal
    • 7.21.7. SWOT appraisal of pumped hydro reinvented for LDES
  • 7.22. SWOT appraisal of batteryless storage technologies

8. The proposed hydrogen economy and its use for delayed electricity

  • 8.1. Overview
  • 8.2. Estimates of hydrogen sources and uses
  • 8.3. Finessing the origin of hydrogen
  • 8.4. Status of the hydrogen economy in 2024
  • 8.5. Hydrogen storage options and adoption
  • 8.6. Primary options for distributing and using zero emission power