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市场调查报告书
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1984237

锂离子电容器及其他电池超级电容器混合元件：市场与技术（2026-2046）

Lithium-Ion Capacitors & Other Battery Supercapacitor Hybrids: Markets, Technology 2026-2046
出版日期: | 出版商: Zhar Research | 英文 514 Pages | 商品交期: 最快1-2个工作天内

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简介目录

摘要

核融合发电、电磁武器和电动车快速充电等新兴市场需要兼具超级电容器和电池优势的储能系统。锂离子电池（LIC）及其他电池超级电容器混合元件（BSH）应运而生。它们既适用于备用电源（高容量且可即时重复使用），也适用于需要紧凑、免维护、长寿命和安全运行的脉衝功率应用。 LIC 的成熟应用包括起重机、工程机械、挖土机和海上钻井设备。此外，它们还能满足对紧凑轻便型设备的日益成长的需求，这些设备能够处理大型设备（例如列车再生製动、旋转钻臂和装卸起重机）的大量脉衝功率接收和供应。

市场快速扩张，应用与设计发生重大变化

随着市场的快速成长，Bosch家电（BSH）的应用和设计发生显着变化。本报告基于大量研究进展，分析并预测了2025-2026年这项重大商机，涵盖117家公司。

Zhar Research的CEO，Peter Harrop博士表示： "虽然了解重工业领域新兴的需求非常重要，但电子领域也存在诸多需求。对镍离子和锌离子 BSH 的研究已证明能够显着提升锂离子电容器（LIC）的性能。为什么在2025年至2026年间，人们对提升赝氧化物性能以及采用金属电容框架和设计在内的复杂多元素化合物如此感兴趣？

日益引人注目

BSH 作为一种兼具两者优势的材料，正吸引越来越多的关注。它比所安装的设备拥有更长的循环寿命，几乎不需要防火措施或复杂的电池管理系统，最大限度地减少了处置问题，并具有最高的耐温性。

本报告是企业成功供应高价材料和硬件，并透过利用这些新型设备来获得市场领导地位的重要指南。

图註：锂离子电容器（LIC）按能量密度分布的定位，资料来源：Zhar Research 报告《锂离子电容器和其他电池超级电容器混合元件：市场、技术，2026-2046》

目录

第1章 执行摘要与结论

  • 本报告的目标报告
  • 本分析的研究方法
  • 定义
  • 储能工具包
    • 基本选项
    • BSH 结合了超级电容器和电池的卓越特性
    • BSH，特别是 LIC，创造了多个重要的转折点
    • LIC 的诸多优势与能量密度选择
  • 12个关键结论：BSH 市场（包括 LIC）
  • 资讯图表：最具影响力的市场需求
  • 资讯图表：BSH 和赝电容器相对商业重要性的趋势
  • EDLC 和 BSH 的市场提案和应用
  • 技术应用案例：依应用分类
  • 大型设备中 LIC 和 EDLC 的供应和潜力分析
  • 19个关键结论：技术与製造商
  • 资讯图表：能量密度的权衡，功率密度、寿命、尺寸和重量
  • 超级电容器改良策略如何使无电池储能（BSH）受益，包括锂离子电容器（LIC）
  • 活性电极和电解质组合的优先排序
  • 2025年製造商对无电池储能超级电容器电极的偏好
  • 研究方向转变的必要性
  • 无电池储能和双电层电容器（EDLC）的研究活动：依国家和技术领域划分
  • SWOT分析与路线图
    • 超级电容器与无电池储能
    • 锂离子电容器（LIC）和其他无电池储能
    • 石墨烯锂离子电容器（LIC）
    • 无电池储能技术概述
  • 推动无电池储能市场发展的无电池储能事件路线图 - 技术、产业、市场
  • 无电池储能：2025-2046年30线预测
    • 竞争产品：射频电池（离网）、双电层电容器（EDLC）电容器）、伪电容器、BSH
    • BSH 依类型细分：BSH、非锂电池、LIC、储能系统
    • BSH 市场规模（依地区）
    • BSH 市场占有率（依三个绩效类别）
    • BSH 市场规模（依Wh 单位）
    • BSH 市值比：依3种电极配置
    • BSH 产品及其安装设备的使用寿命
    • 7 种设备安装组件的市场规模：BSH
    • 储能设备市场：电池供电型与无电池型

第2章 BSH：必要性、工具包与製造概述

  • 储能工具包
  • 储能市场
  • 技术最佳化与技术竞争问题概述
  • LIC 的34个参数比较锂离子电池和超级电容器
  • LIC 格式及相关技术比较
  • 阅读更多

第3章 锂离子电容器的未来设计与竞争定位

  • 概述及资料中心 UPS 范例
  • 设计问题
  • 研究进展分析
  • 专利范例
  • 阅读更多

第4章 其他金属离子电容器的设计与进展：铅离子电容器、镍离子电容器、钾离子电容器、钠离子电容器和锌离子电容器

  • 概述
  • 铅离子电容器：历史、原理与研究
  • 镍离子电容器：2025-2026年的进展
  • 钾离子电容器：2025-2026年进展
  • 钠离子电容器：2025-2026年进展
  • 锌离子电容器：2025-2026年进展

第5章 BSH 储能的其他新兴化学技术

  • 概述
  • 基础
  • 研究方向
  • 参考文献

第6章 研究方向分析所使用的新材料

  • 概述
  • 影响超级电容器关键参数和销售的因素
  • 通用材料选择
  • 超级电容器效能改进策略
  • 石墨烯及其衍生物在超级电容器中的重要性
  • 其他二维材料及相关材料及研究实例超级电容器
  • 超级电容器电极材料与结构研究
  • 以往重要案例
  • 超级电容器电解质及其衍生物
  • 薄膜、常用材料及拟用材料的製备难度
  • 降低自放电：亟待解决，但研究不足

第7章 新兴超级电容器市场：能源、汽车、航太、军事、电子等领域基本趋势及最佳前景比较

  • 市场影响
  • 概述
  • 各类超级电容器的商业重要性
  • 最具发展前景的超级电容器系列市场前景
  • 市场潜力及规模不匹配
  • 大型设备的供应及潜力分析

第8章 新兴超级电容器市场能源领域

  • 概述：2024-2044年展望
  • 热核融合发电
  • 低波动电网发电：波浪能、潮汐能、高空风能
  • 独立于电网的超级电容器：重要的全新商机
  • 水力发电

第9章 陆上车辆和船舶的新兴应用：汽车、巴士、卡车、火车、越野建筑、农业、采矿、林业、物料搬运、船舶

  • 超级电容器在陆地交通运输的应用概述
  • 公路应用减少，而越野应用蓬勃发展
  • 陆地车辆超级电容器及其衍生产品的价值市场如何从主要面向公路转向主要面向陆地交通越野
  • 采用大型超级电容器的新一代车辆及相关设计
  • 电车和无轨电车的能量再生以及解决接触网间隙问题
  • 用于物料搬运（内部物流）的超级电容器
  • 大型超级电容器在采矿和采石业的应用
  • 与车辆用大型超级电容器相关的研究
  • 用于火车和轨道旁能量再生的大型超级电容器
  • 大型超级电容器的海洋应用及研发项目

第10章 6G通讯、电子与小型电子设备的新兴应用

  • 概述
  • 小型BSH和超级电容器应用的显着扩展
  • BSH和超级电容器在穿戴式装置、智慧手錶、智慧型手机、笔记型电脑和其他类似装置的应用
  • 6G通讯：BSH的新市场即将到来2030
  • 资产追踪市场成长
  • 电池支援和备用电源超级电容器
  • 便携式终端BSH和超级电容器
  • 基于BSH和超级电容器的物联网节点、无线感测器和能量收集模式
  • 资料传输、锁定、电磁阀驱动、电子墨水萤幕刷新和LED闪烁的最大功率
  • 智慧电錶
  • 点焊

第11章 新兴军事与航太应用

  • 概述
  • 军事应用：电动力和电磁武器目前备受关注。
  • 军事应用：无人机、通讯设备、雷达、飞机、船、坦克、卫星、导引飞弹、弹药点火系统、电磁装甲。
  • 航空航太：卫星、全电动飞机、全电动飞机（MEA）及其他成长机会。

第12章 对 118 家包括 BSH（含 LIC）、超级电容器、赝电容器和 CSH 的公司进行评估

  • 基于 116 家公司比较的指标分析
  • 对 118 家超级电容器、赝电容器和 BSH（含 LIC）製造商的评估
简介目录

Summary

Emerging markets such as nuclear fusion power, electromagnetic weapons and fastest charging of electric vehicles need storage with the benefits of both supercapacitors and batteries. Enter the lithium-ion battery LIC and other battery supercapacitor hybrids, suitable for both backup-power (massive, yet ready again in an instant) and pulse-power applications where compact, maintenance-free, long-life, and safe-operation power sources are required. Established LIC uses include cranes, earthmoving, drilling and offshore rigs. They serve the burgeoning requirements for compact, lighter weight devices to accept and deliver huge pulses including regenerative braking of trains and of large tools such as rotating excavator arms and cranes dropping loads.

Market surges, applications and designs change radically

As the market surges, the applications and designs of BSH are changing radically. The new 514-page Zhar Research report, "Lithium-ion capacitors and other battery supercapacitor hybrids: markets, technology, 2026-2046" analyses and forecasts this large opportunity for you covering 117 companies and a flood of 2025-6 research advances.

Dr Peter Harrop, CEO of Zhar Research says, "Understand the new needs, mainly in heavy engineering, but with much in electronics. We find that nickel-ion and zinc-ion BSH research advances are newly creating several improvements on LIC. In 2025-6, why so much interest in boosting pseudocapacitance and employing complex multi-element compounds including metal oxide frameworks and MXenes? Why is graphene increasingly used? These questions are answered. Clearly, there are large opportunities for your added-value materials emerging."

Increasingly compelling

Increasingly, BSH being the best of both worlds, with cycle life longer than the equipment to which it is fitted, little or no need for fire control and complex battery management systems, minimal disposal issues and best tolerance of temperature.

Uniquely up-to-date, comprehensive report

The "Executive summary and conclusions" is sufficient for those with limited time. It has basics, 12 market key conclusions and 19 on technology. See many infograms, the main SWOT appraisals, 2026-2046 roadmaps and the forecasts in 30 lines. Chapter 2 takes 27 pages to introduce "Battery supercapacitor hybrids BSH: introduction to need, toolkit and manufacture". Then comes the detail with 30 pages of Chapter 3. "Future lithium-ion capacitor design and competitive position". Here are design issues, basic structure, current and future applications to optimise, performance issues being addressed. See the lithium-ion capacitor LIC market positioning by energy density spectrum including examples of positioning of manufacturers here. There is analysis of research advances through 2025-6. These are very different from earlier work.

The next chapters cover the increasingly complex chemistries as the industry moves to a greater level of optimisation mostly seeking higher energy density for given power density, pulse performance etc. and long life but sometimes improving charge retention. Chapter 4. "Other emerging chemistries for battery-supercapacitor hybrid storage" takes 41 pages to move beyond the current winner lithium-ion capacitors to lead-ion and sodium-ion capacitors receiving less research attention but strong advances ongoing with potassium, nickel and zinc options.

The 24 pages of Chapter 5. "Other emerging chemistries for battery-supercapacitor hybrid storage" then add another level of sophistication including the place of new advances with zeolites, metal oxide frameworks and particularly MXenes and graphene in BSH. Metal alloys, manganese compounds and other options are covered by explaining much new research and targets 2026-2046. You should then be ready for the 50 pages of Chapter 6. "Emerging materials employed with research pipeline analysis". This covers such aspects as lessons from advances in supercapacitors, and the membranes and other options for BSH, including matching electrolytes to electrodes and the incoming solid state, semi-solid-state and flexible electrolytes.

Chapters 7-11 provide a close look at markets emerging, the report closing with a detailed comparison of what each manufacturer has to offer. Chapter 7. "Emerging BSH markets : basic trends and best prospects compared between energy, vehicles, aerospace, military, electronics, other" (49 pages) is followed by Chapter 8. "Energy sector emerging BSH markets" (48 pages) then Chapter 9. "Emerging land vehicle and marine applications: automotive, bus, truck train, off-road construction, agriculture, mining, forestry, material handling, boats, ships" (50 pages) and Chapter 10. "Emerging applications in 6G Communications, electronics and small electrics" (48 pages) then Chapter 11 "Emerging military and aerospace applications" is 29 pages.

Chapter 12. "118 BSH (including LIC), supercapacitor, pseudocapacitor, CSH companies assessed in 10 columns and 112 pages" (118 pages) starts with detailed analysis of the total situation including by country, device sizes and other aspects. The listing includes those making allied products that may make BSH in the future.

Zhar Research report, "Lithium-ion capacitors and other battery supercapacitor hybrids: markets, technology, 2026-2046" is your essential portal to business success in supplying premium-priced materials and hardware and market leadership from using these new devices.

CAPTION: Lithium-ion capacitor LIC market positioning by energy density spectrum. Source: Zhar Research report, "Lithium-ion capacitors and other battery supercapacitor hybrids: markets, technology, 2026-2046".

Table of Contents

1. Executive summary and conclusions

  • 1.1 Purpose of this report
  • 1.2 Methodology of this analysis
  • 1.3 Definitions
  • 1.4 Energy storage toolkit
    • 1.4.1 The basic options
    • 1.4.2 BSH have some of superlatives of a supercapacitor combined with those of a battery
    • 1.4.3 BSH and in particular LIC create some valuable tipping points
    • 1.4.4 The many advantages of lithium-ion capacitors LIC and the energy density choices
  • 1.5 12 Primary conclusions: BSH markets including LIC
  • 1.6 Infogram: the most impactful market needs
  • 1.7 Infogram: trends in relative commercial significance of BSH and pseudocapacitors
  • 1.8 Some market propositions and uses of EDLC and BSH including LIC 2024-2044
  • 1.9 Technology uses by applicational sector - examples
  • 1.10 Analysis of supply and potential of LIC and EDLC for large devices
  • 1.11 19 primary conclusions: technologies and manufacturers
  • 1.12 Infogram: the energy density-power density, life, size and weight compromise
  • 1.13 How strategies for improving supercapacitors will benefit BSH including LIC
  • 1.14 Prioritisation of active electrode-electrolyte pairings
  • 1.15 Manufacturer preferences for the supercapacitor-like electrode of BSH in 2025
  • 1.16 How research needs redirecting: 5 columns, 7 lines
  • 1.17 BSH and EDLC research activity by country and technology 2024
  • 1.18 SWOT appraisals and roadmap 2025-2045
    • 1.18.1 SWOT appraisal of supercapacitors and BSH
    • 1.18.2 SWOT appraisal of LIC and other BSH
    • 1.18.3 SWOT appraisal of graphene LIC
    • 1.18.4 SWOT appraisal of batteryless storage technologies generally
  • 1.19 Roadmap of market-moving BSH events - technologies, industry and markets 2026-2046
  • 1.20 Battery supercapacitor hybrids: forecasts by 30 lines 2025-2046
    • 1.20.1 Competitors RFB beyond grid, EDLC, Pseudocapacitor and BSH $ billion 2025-2046
    • 1.20.2 Battery supercapacitor hybrid storage BSH by type: BSH, Non-lithium, LIC, banks $ billion 2026-2046
    • 1.20.3 Battery supercapacitor hybrids BSH value market percent by four regions 2026-2046
    • 1.20.4 BSH value market percent by three performance categories 2026-2046
    • 1.20.5 Battery supercapacitor hybrid BSH value market % by two Wh categories 2026-2046
    • 1.20.6 BSH value market % by three electrode morphologies 2026-2046
    • 1.20.7 BSH product life years and life of equipment to which it is fitted years 2014-2046
    • 1.20.8 Market for seven types of equipment fitting BSH $ billion 2026-2046
    • 1.20.9 Energy storage device market battery vs batteryless $ billion 2026-2046

2. Battery supercapacitor hybrids BSH: introduction to need, toolkit and manufacture

  • 2.1 Energy storage toolkit
    • 2.1.1 The basic options
    • 2.1.2 How BSH will compete with other technologies
    • 2.1.3 Electrochemical vs electrostatic storage
    • 2.1.4 Examples of competition between capacitor, supercapacitor and battery technologies
    • 2.1.5 Supercapacitors and BSH replacing batteries in ebikes
  • 2.2 Energy storage market
    • 2.2.1 Overview
    • 2.2.2 Energy harvesting creates markets for BSH storage
    • 2.2.3 The beyond-grid opportunity for large BSH
    • 2.2.4 Need for conventional BSH formats but also structural electrics and electronics
  • 2.3 Introduction to technology optimisation and technology competition issues
    • 2.3.1 Overview
    • 2.3.2 BSH internal design compared to others
    • 2.3.3 Hot topics include LIB and graphene
    • 2.3.4 BSH voltage, charge retention and ageing issues compared to competition
    • 2.3.5 BSH competitive position on energy density vs power density
    • 2.3.6 Days storage vs rated power return MW for storage technologies
  • 2.4 34 parameters for LIC, Li-ion battery and supercapacitor compared
  • 2.5 LIC formats compared with adjacent technologies
  • 2.6 Further reading

3. Future lithium-ion capacitor design and competitive position

  • 3.1 Overview and the datacenter UPS example
  • 3.2 Design issues
    • 3.2.1 Basic structure
    • 3.2.2 Current applications to optimise
    • 3.2.3 Future applications to optimise
    • 3.2.4 Performance issues being addressed
    • 3.2.5 Lithium-ion capacitor LIC market positioning by energy density spectrum
  • 3.3 Analysis of research advances through 2025-6
  • 3.4 Examples of patents
  • 3.5 Further reading -Zhar Research report putting LIB in supercapacitor context

4. Other metal-ion capacitors design and progress: Lead-ion, nickel-ion, potassium-ion, sodium-ion, zinc-ion capacitors

  • 4.1 Overview
  • 4.2 Lead ion capacitors: history, rationale , research
  • 4.3 Nickel-ion capacitors: advances in 2025-6
  • 4.4 Potassium-ion capacitors: advances in 2025-6
  • 4.5 Sodium-ion capacitors: advances in 2025-6
  • 4.5 Zinc-ion capacitors: advances in 2025-6

5. Other emerging chemistries for battery-supercapacitor hybrid storage

  • 5.1 Overview
  • 5.2 Rationale
  • 5.3 Research pipeline
    • 5.3.1 Zeolite Ionic Frameworks for BSH
    • 5.3.2 MXene and MOFs composites for BSH: advances through 2025-6
    • 5.3.3 Metal alloys, manganese compounds, other options in BSH
  • 5.4 Further reading 2025-6

6. Emerging materials employed with research pipeline analysis

  • 6.1 Overview
  • 6.2 Factors influencing key supercapacitor parameters driving sales
  • 6.3 Materials choices in general
  • 6.4 Strategies for improving supercapacitors
    • 6.4.1 General
    • 6.4.2 Prioritisation of active electrode-electrolyte pairings
  • 6.5 Significance of graphene in supercapacitors and variants
    • 6.5.1 Overview
    • 6.5.2 Graphene supercapacitor SWOT appraisal
    • 6.5.3 Vertically-aligned graphene for ac and improved cycle life
    • 6.5.4 Frequency performance improvement with graphene
    • 6.5.5 Graphene textile for supercapacitors and sensors
    • 6.5.6 Eleven graphene supercapacitor material and device developers and manufacturers compared in five columns
  • 6.6 Other 2D and allied materials for supercapacitors with examples of research
    • 6.6.1 MOF and MXene and combinations are the focus
    • 6.6.2 Tantalum carbide MXene hybrid as a biocompatible supercapacitor electrodes
    • 6.6.3 CNT
  • 6.7 Research on supercapacitor electrode materials and structures in 2024-6
  • 6.8 Research on supercapacitor electrode materials and structures in 2023
  • 6.9 Important examples from earlier
  • 6.10 Electrolytes for supercapacitors and variants
    • 6.10.1 General considerations
  • 6.11 Electrolytes for supercapacitors and variants
    • 6.11.1 General considerations including organic electrolytes
    • 6.11.2 Supercapacitor electrolyte choices
    • 6.11.3 Focus on aqueous supercapacitor electrolytes
    • 6.11.4 Ionic liquid electrolytes in supercapacitor research
    • 6.11.5 Focus on solid state, semi-solid-state and flexible electrolytes
    • 6.11.6 Hydrogels as electrolytes for semi-solid supercapacitors
    • 6.11.7 Supercapacitor concrete and bricks
  • 6.12 Membrane difficulty levels and materials used and proposed
  • 6.13 Reducing self-discharge: great need, little research

7. Emerging BSH markets : basic trends and best prospects compared between energy, vehicles, aerospace, military, electronics, other

  • 7.1 Implications for the market 2025-2045
  • 7.2 Overview
  • 7.3 Relative commercial significance of supercapacitor variants 2025-2045
  • 7.4 Market propositions of the most-promising supercapacitor families 2025-2045
  • 7.5 Mismatch between market potential and sizes made
  • 7.6 Analysis of supply and potential for large devices
    • 7.6.1 Overview
    • 7.6.2 Largest lithium-ion capacitors offered by manufacturer with parameters and uses
    • 7.6.3 Markets for the largest BSH
    • 7.6.4 Market analysis for the six most important applicational sectors

8. Energy sector emerging BSH markets

  • 8.1 Overview: poor, modest and strong prospects 2024-2044
  • 8.2 Thermonuclear power
    • 8.2.1 Overview
    • 8.3.2 Applications of supercapacitors in fusion research
    • 8.3.3 Other thermonuclear supercapacitors
    • 8.3.4 Hybrid supercapacitor banks for thermonuclear power: Tokyo Tokamak
    • 8.3.5 Helion USA supercapacitor bank
    • 8.3.6 First Light UK supercapacitor bank
  • 8.3 Less-intermittent grid electricity generation: wave, tidal stream, elevated wind
    • 8.3.1 Supercapacitors in utility energy storage for grids and large UPS
    • 8.3.2 5MW grid measurement supercapacitor
    • 8.3.3 Tidal stream power applications
    • 8.3.4 Wave power applications
    • 8.3.5 Airborne Wind Energy AWE applications
    • 8.3.6 Taller wind turbines tapping less-intermittent wind: protection, smoothing
  • 8.4 Beyond-grid supercapacitors: large emerging opportunity
    • 8.4.1 Overview
    • 8.4.2 Beyond-grid buildings, industrial processes, minigrids, microgrids, other
    • 8.4.3 Beyond-grid electricity production and management
    • 8.4.4 The off-grid megatrend
    • 8.4.5 The solar megatrend
    • 8.4.6 Hydrogen-supercapacitor rural microgrid Tapah, Malaysia
    • 8.4.7 Supercapacitors in other microgrids, solar buildings
    • 8.4.8 Fast charging of electric vehicles including buses and autonomous shuttles
  • 8.5 Hydro power

9. Emerging land vehicle and marine applications: automotive, bus, truck train, off-road construction, agriculture, mining, forestry, material handling, boats, ships

  • 9.1 Overview of supercapacitor use in land transport
  • 9.2 On-road applications face decline but off-road vibrant
  • 9.3 How the value market for supercapacitors and their variants in land vehicles will move from largely on-road to largely off-road
  • 9.4 Emerging vehicle and allied designs with large supercapacitors
    • 9.4.1 Industrial vehicles: Rutronik HESS
    • 9.4.2 Heavy duty powertrains and active suspension
  • 9.5 Tram and trolleybus regeneration and coping with gaps in catenary
  • 9.6 Material handling (intralogistics) supercapacitors
  • 9.7 Mining and quarrying uses for large supercapacitors
    • 9.7.1 Overview and future open pit mine and quarry
    • 9.7.2 Mining and quarrying vehicles go electric
    • 9.7.3 Supercapacitors for electric mining and construction
  • 9.8 Research relevant to large supercapacitors in vehicles
  • 9.9 Large supercapacitors for trains and their trackside regeneration
    • 9.9.1 Overview
    • 9.9.2 Supercapacitor diesel hybrid and hydrogen trains
    • 9.9.3 Supercapacitor regeneration for trains on-board and trackside
    • 9.9.4 Research pipeline relevant to supercapacitors for trains
  • 9.10 Marine use of large supercapacitors and the research pipeline

10. Emerging applications in 6G Communications, electronics and small electrics

  • 10.1 Overview
  • 10.2 Substantial growing applications for small BSH and supercapacitors
  • 10.3 BSH and supercapacitors in wearables, smart watches, smartphones, laptops and similar devices
    • 10.3.1 General
    • 10.3.2 Wearables needing BSH and supercapacitors
  • 10.4 6G Communications: new BSH market from 2030
    • 10.4.1 Overview with needs
    • 10.4.2 New needs and 5G inadequacies
    • 10.4.3 6G massive hardware deployment: proliferation but many compromises
    • 10.4.4 Objectives of NTTDoCoMo, Huawei, Samsung and others
    • 10.4.5 Progress from 1G-6G rollouts 1980-2044
    • 10.4.6 6G underwater and underground
  • 10.5 Asset tracking growth market
  • 10.6 Battery support and back-up power supercapacitors
  • 10.7 Hand-held terminals BSH and supercapacitors
  • 10.8 Internet of Things nodes, wireless sensors and their energy harvesting modes with BSH and supercapacitors
    • 10.8.1 Overview
    • 10.8.2 Sensor inputs and outputs
    • 10.8.3 Ten forms of energy harvesting for sensing and power for sensors
    • 10.8.4 Supercapacitor transpiration electrokinetic harvesting for battery-free sensor power supply
  • 10.9 Peak power for data transmission, locks, solenoid activation, e-ink update, LED flash
  • 10.10 Smart meters
  • 10.11 Spot welding
  • 11 Emerging military and aerospace applications
  • 11.1 Overview
  • 11.2 Military applications: electrodynamic and electromagnetic weapons now a strong focus
    • 11.2.1 Overview: laser weapons, beam energy weapons, microwave weapons, electromagnetic guns
    • 11.2.2 Electrodynamic weapons: coil and rail guns
    • 11.2.3 Electromagnetic weapons disabling electronics or acting as ordnance
    • 11.2.4 Pulsed linear accelerator weapon
  • 11.3 Military applications: unmanned aircraft, communication equipment, radar, plane, ship, tank, satellite, guided missile, munition ignition, electromagnetic armour
    • 11.3.1 CSH sales increasing
    • 11.3.2 Force Field protection
    • 11.3.3 Supercapacitor- diesel hybrid heavy mobility army truck
    • 11.3.4 17 other military applications now emerging
  • 11.4 Aerospace: satellites, More Electric Aircraft MEA and other growth opportunities
    • 11.4.1 Overview: supercapacitor numbers and variety increase
    • 11.4.2 More Electric Aircraft MEA
    • 11.4.3 Better capacitors sought for aircraft

12. 118 BSH (including LIC), supercapacitor, pseudocapacitor, CSH companies assessed in 10 columns and 112 pages

  • 12.1 Analysis of metrics from the comparison of 116 companies
  • 12.2 118 supercapacitor, pseudocapacitor and BSH (including LIC) manufacturers assessed in 10 columns across 108 pages