全球有机肥料市场
市场调查报告书
商品编码
1357917

全球有机肥料市场

Organic Fertilizers: Global Markets

出版日期: | 出版商: BCC Research | 英文 176 Pages | 订单完成后即时交付

价格

全球有机肥料市场规模预计将从 2023 年的 97 亿美元成长到 2028 年的 135 亿美元,预测期内年复合成长率为 6.8%。

从地区来看,亚太市场预计将从2023年的57亿美元成长到2028年的81亿美元,同期年复合成长率为7.3%。此外,欧洲市场预计将从2023年的21亿美元成长到2028年的29亿美元,年复合成长率为6.7%。

本报告调查了全球有机肥料市场,并提供了市场概况、市场影响因素和市场机会分析、市场规模趋势和预测、各个细分市场和地区的详细分析、技术发展趋势以及 ESG 问题。总结发展动态、竞争形势、主要企业概况等。

目录

第1章简介

第2章总结/要点

  • 市场预测

第3章行业概况

  • 价值链分析
  • 供应链分析
  • 国际贸易分析:连结全球市场
  • 价格趋势分析:经济与永续性
  • 俄罗斯-乌克兰战争的影响
  • COVID-19 影响分析

第4章市场概况及趋势

  • 市场动态
  • 市场成长促进因素
  • 成长抑制因素
  • 市场机会
  • 市场挑战
  • SWOT分析
  • PESTLE分析
  • 波特五力分析

第5章全球市场分析:依产品型态

  • 概述
  • 干肥:夯实基础
  • 液体肥料:流体方法
  • 市场规模估计/预测分析

第6章全球市场分析:依原料分类

  • 概述
  • 植物和蔬菜残留物:土壤健康的绿色黄金
  • 动物性物质和排泄物:利用天然营养素
  • 污水污泥/都市生物固体:从废弃物到资源
  • 食品加工废弃物/其他:隐藏的营养成分
  • 市场规模估计/预测分析

第7章全球市场分析:依类型

  • 概述
  • 肥料:常规营养源
  • 堆肥:有机物的肥沃转化
  • 磷矿:缓释性磷
  • 鸡粪:用于生长的家禽废弃物
  • 骨粉:富含磷和钙
  • 蚯蚓堆肥:一种营养丰富的天然产品
  • 市场规模估计/预测分析

第8章全球市场分析:依作物类型

  • 概述
  • 谷物:为谷物篮提供燃料
  • 绿色饲料:培育牲畜营养
  • 油籽:滋养脂肪和油
  • 干豆类:增强富含蛋白质的作物
  • 水果和蔬菜:收穫美味
  • 其他作物:促进多样性
  • 市场规模估计/预测分析

第9章北美有机肥料市场

  • 北美市场:概览
  • 北美市场:播下永续性的种子
  • 美国市场分析
  • 加拿大市场分析

第10章欧洲有机肥市场

  • 欧洲市场:概览
  • 西班牙
  • 法国
  • 义大利
  • 德国
  • 俄罗斯
  • 其他的

第11章亚太有机肥市场

  • 亚太市场:概述
  • 澳洲
  • 印度
  • 中国
  • 印尼
  • 泰国
  • 其他(菲律宾、日本、马来西亚、越南、纽西兰)

第12章拉丁美洲有机肥料市场

  • 拉丁美洲市场:概览
  • 阿根廷
  • 乌拉圭
  • 巴西
  • 其他的

第13章中东及非洲有机肥市场

  • 中东和非洲市场:概述
  • 土耳其
  • 哈萨克
  • 突尼西亚
  • 其他的

第14章ESG发展

  • 有机肥料产业的ESG实践
  • 全球有机肥料市场ESG风险分析
  • 环境要素
  • 社会要素
  • 治理要素
  • ESG风险评估和ESG评分
  • 案例研究:雅苒国际
  • ESG 的未来展望
  • BCC的结语

第15章新兴技术与发展

第16章公司简介

  • AGROLIQUID
  • AGROTHRIVE INC
  • BIOFLORA
  • BIOSTAR ORGANICS LLC
  • CALIFORNIA ORGANIC FERTILIZERS INC.
  • DOWN TO EARTH DISTRIBUTORS INC.
  • DR. EARTH INC
  • FERTIKAL
  • FOXFARM SOIL & FERTILIZER CO.
  • HAIFA GROUP
  • ITALPOLLINA SPA
  • JOBE'S CO.
  • KRISHAK BHARATI COOPERATIVE LTD.
  • LALLEMAND PLANT CARE
  • MIGHTY GROW ORGANICS
  • NATURE SAFE FERTILIZERS
  • NEEM INDIA PRODUCTS PVT LTD.
  • PLANT MAGIC PLUS LTD.
  • SUSTANE NATURAL FERTILIZER INC.
  • TERRAMERA
  • THE ESPOMA CO.
  • THE FERTRELL CO.
  • THE SCOTTS MIRACLE-GRO CO.
  • TIMAC AGRO USA INC.
  • WHITNEY FARMS
Product Code: FOD125A

Highlights:

The global market for organic fertilizers is estimated to increase from $9.7 billion in 2023 to reach $13.5 billion by 2028, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.8% from 2023 through 2028.

Asia-Pacific market for organic fertilizers is estimated to increase from $5.7 billion in 2023 to reach $8.1 billion by 2028, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.3% from 2023 through 2028.

European market for organic fertilizers is estimated to increase from $2.1 billion in 2023 to reach $2.9 billion by 2028, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.7% from 2023 through 2028.

Report Scope:

This report incorporates an in-depth analysis of the organic fertilizer market, including market estimations and trends through 2028. The report is focused on estimating the market for organic fertilizer, which covers source, crop type, type, and form. Major players, competitive intelligence, systems and technologies, market dynamics, and regional opportunities are discussed in detail. The report examines recent developments and product portfolios of major players. The report presents a market analysis and provides estimates of the market's compound annual growth rate (CAGR).

This report segments the global market by these geographic regions: North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East & Africa, and Latin America. For market estimates, data is provided for 2022 as the base year, estimates for 2023, and forecast through year-end 2028.

The report also discusses the major players across each regional organic fertilizer market. Further, it explains the major drivers and regional dynamics of the global organic fertilizer market and current trends within the industry. The report concludes with a particular focus on the vendor landscape and includes detailed profiles of the major vendors in the market.

Report Includes:

  • 55 data tables and 52 additional tables
  • An overview of the global markets for organic fertilizers
  • An estimate of the market size and analyses of market trends, with data from 2022, estimates for 2023 and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2028
  • An evaluation of the market potential for organic fertilizers based on type, source, crop type and region
  • A discussion on how organic fertilizer is a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to conventional chemical fertilizers, and how it aids in environmental conservation and healthy food production
  • An assessment of the benefits of organic fertilizers, such as soil fertility management, prevention of nutrient leaching and enhanced absorption of plant nutrients
  • A comparative analysis of organic fertilizers and synthetic fertilizers
  • Coverage of product innovations, and advances in sustainable food production systems
  • A market share analysis of the key companies of the industry, and coverage of mergers and acquisitions, joint ventures, collaborations or partnerships, and other corporate strategies
  • Company profiles of the major players in the industry, including AgroLiquid, Krishak Bharati Cooperative Ltd., The Scotts Miracle-Gro Co., Timac Agro USA Inc., Lallemand Plant Care, and FoxFarm Soil & Fertilizer Co.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction

  • Introduction
  • Study Goals and Objectives
  • Reasons for Doing This Study
  • Scope of Report
  • Information Sources
  • Methodology
  • Geographic Breakdown
  • Market Segmentation Overview

Chapter 2 Summary and Highlights

  • Market Outlook

Chapter 3 Industry Overview

  • Value Chain Analysis
  • Supply Chain Analysis
  • International Trade Analysis: Connecting Global Markets
  • Price Trend Analysis: Balancing Economics and Sustainability
  • Russia-Ukraine War Impact
  • COVID Impact Analysis

Chapter 4 Market Overview and Trends

  • Market Dynamics
  • Market Growth Driving Factors
  • Market Growth Restraining Factors
  • Opportunities in the Market
  • Challenges in the Market
  • SWOT Analysis
  • PESTLE Analysis
  • Porter's Five Forces Analysis

Chapter 5 Global Market Analysis by Product Form

  • Segment Overview
  • Dry Fertilizers: A Solid Foundation
  • Liquid Fertilizers: A Fluid Approach
  • Market Size Estimation and Forecast Analysis

Chapter 6 Global Market Analysis by Source

  • Segment Overview
  • Plant and Vegetable Residues: Green Gold for Soil Health
  • Animal Matter and Excreta: Harnessing Nature's Nutrients
  • Sewage Sludge and Municipal Biosolids: Waste to Resource
  • Food Processing Wastes and Other Sources: Unlocking Hidden Nutrients
  • Market Size Estimation and Forecast Analysis

Chapter 7 Global Market Analysis by Type

  • Segment Overview
  • Manure: A Time-Honored Nutrient Source
  • Compost: Fertile Transformation of Organic Matter
  • Rock Phosphate: Slow-Release Phosphorus
  • Chicken Litter: Poultry Waste for Growth
  • Bone Meal: Boosting Phosphorus and Calcium
  • Vermicompost: Nature's Nutrient-Rich Product
  • Market Size Estimation and Forecast Analysis

Chapter 8 Global Market Analysis by Crop Type

  • Segment Overview
  • Cereals: Fueling the Grain Basket
  • Green Fodder: Fostering Livestock Nutrition
  • Oilseeds: Nourishing Healthy Oils
  • Dry Pulses: Enriching Protein-Rich Crops
  • Fruit and Vegetables: Bearing Flavorful Harvests
  • Other Crop Types: Nurturing Diversity
  • Market Size Estimation and Forecast Analysis

Chapter 9 North American Organic Fertilizer Market

  • North American Overview
  • North American Market: Sowing the Seeds of Sustainability
  • U.S. Market Analysis
  • Canadian Market Analysis

Chapter 10 European Market for Organic Fertilizer

  • European Market Overview
  • Spain
  • France
  • Italy
  • Germany
  • Russia
  • Rest of Europe

Chapter 11 Asia-Pacific Market for Organic Fertilizer

  • Asia-Pacific Market Overview
  • Australia
  • India
  • China
  • Indonesia
  • Thailand
  • Rest of APAC (Philippines, Japan, Malaysia, Vietnam, New Zealand)

Chapter 12 Latin America Organic Fertilizer Market

  • Latin America Market Overview
  • Argentina
  • Uruguay
  • Brazil
  • Rest of Latin America

Chapter 13 Middle East & African Market for Organic Fertilizer

  • Middle East & African Market Overview
  • Turkey
  • Kazakhstan
  • Tunisia
  • Rest of the Middle East and Africa

Chapter 14 ESG Development

  • ESG Practices in the Organic Fertilizers Industry
  • ESG Risk Analysis in the Global Organic Fertilizer Market
  • Environmental Factors
  • Social Factors
  • Governance Factors
  • ESG Risk Rating and ESG Score
  • Case Study: Yara International
  • ESG Future Outlook
  • Concluding Remarks from BCC

Chapter 15 Emerging Technologies and Developments

  • Overview

Chapter 16 Company Profiles

  • AGROLIQUID
  • AGROTHRIVE INC
  • BIOFLORA
  • BIOSTAR ORGANICS LLC
  • CALIFORNIA ORGANIC FERTILIZERS INC.
  • DOWN TO EARTH DISTRIBUTORS INC.
  • DR. EARTH INC
  • FERTIKAL
  • FOXFARM SOIL & FERTILIZER CO.
  • HAIFA GROUP
  • ITALPOLLINA S.P.A
  • JOBE'S CO.
  • KRISHAK BHARATI COOPERATIVE LTD.
  • LALLEMAND PLANT CARE
  • MIGHTY GROW ORGANICS
  • NATURE SAFE FERTILIZERS
  • NEEM INDIA PRODUCTS PVT LTD.
  • PLANT MAGIC PLUS LTD.
  • SUSTANE NATURAL FERTILIZER INC.
  • TERRAMERA
  • THE ESPOMA CO.
  • THE FERTRELL CO.
  • THE SCOTTS MIRACLE-GRO CO.
  • TIMAC AGRO USA INC.
  • WHITNEY FARMS

List of Tables

  • Summary Table : Global Market for Organic Fertilizer, by Region, Through 2028
  • Table 1 : Price Trend Analysis of Organic Fertilizers, by Country, 2012-2021
  • Table 2 : Global Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Product Form, Through 2028
  • Table 3 : Global Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Source, Through 2028
  • Table 4 : Global Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Type, Through 2028
  • Table 5 : Global Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Crop Type, Through 2028
  • Table 6 : North American Market for Organic Fertilizers, Through 2028
  • Table 7 : North American Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Product Form, Through 2028
  • Table 8 : North American Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Source, Through 2028
  • Table 9 : North American Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Type, Through 2028
  • Table 10 : North American Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Crop Type, Through 2028
  • Table 11 : Top Five Selling Organic Fertilizer Brands in the U.S., 2022
  • Table 12 : U.S. Market for Organic Fertilizers, Through 2028
  • Table 13 : Top Five Selling Organic Fertilizer Brands in Canada, 2022
  • Table 14 : Canadian Market for Organic Fertilizers, Through 2028
  • Table 15 : European Market for Organic Fertilizers, Through 2028
  • Table 16 : European Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Country, Through 2028
  • Table 17 : European Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Product Form, Through 2028
  • Table 18 : European Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Source, Through 2028
  • Table 19 : European Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Type, Through 2028
  • Table 20 : European Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Crop Type, Through 2028
  • Table 21 : Top Five Selling Organic Fertilizer Brands in Spain, 2021
  • Table 22 : Spanish Market for Organic Fertilizers, Through 2028
  • Table 23 : Top Five Selling Organic Fertilizer Brands in France, 2021
  • Table 24 : French Market for Organic Fertilizers, Through 2028
  • Table 25 : Top Five Selling Organic Fertilizer Brands in Italy, 2021
  • Table 26 : Italian Market for Organic Fertilizers, Through 2028
  • Table 27 : Top Five Selling Organic Fertilizer Brands in Germany, 2021
  • Table 28 : German Market for Organic Fertilizers, Through 2028
  • Table 29 : Top Five Selling Organic Fertilizer Brands in Russia, 2021
  • Table 30 : Russian Market for Organic Fertilizers, Through 2028
  • Table 31 : Rest of European Market for Organic Fertilizers, Through 2028
  • Table 32 : Asia-Pacific Market for Organic Fertilizers, Through 2028
  • Table 33 : Asia-Pacific Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Product Form, Through 2028
  • Table 34 : Asia-Pacific Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Source, Through 2028
  • Table 35 : Asia-Pacific Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Type, Through 2028
  • Table 36 : Asia-Pacific Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Crop Type, Through 2028
  • Table 37 : Top Five Selling Organic Fertilizer Brands in Australia, 2021
  • Table 38 : Australian Market for Organic Fertilizers, Through 2028
  • Table 39 : Top Five Selling Organic Fertilizer Brands in India, 2021
  • Table 40 : Indian Market for Organic Fertilizers, Through 2028
  • Table 41 : Top Five Selling Organic Fertilizer Brands in China, 2021
  • Table 42 : Chinese Market for Organic Fertilizers, Through 2028
  • Table 43 : Top Five Selling Organic Fertilizer Brands in Indonesia, 2021
  • Table 44 : Indonesian Market for Organic Fertilizers, Through 2028
  • Table 45 : Top Five Selling Organic Fertilizer Brands in Thailand, 2021
  • Table 46 : Thailand Market for Organic Fertilizers, Through 2028
  • Table 47 : Rest of Asia-Pacific Market for Organic Fertilizers, Through 2028
  • Table 48 : Latin American Market for Organic Fertilizers, Through 2028
  • Table 49 : Latin American Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Product Form, Through 2028
  • Table 50 : Latin American Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Source, Through 2028
  • Table 51 : Latin American Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Type, Through 2028
  • Table 52 : Latin American Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Crop Type, Through 2028
  • Table 53 : Top Five Selling Organic Fertilizer Brands in Argentina, 2022
  • Table 54 : Argentinian Market for Organic Fertilizers, Through 2028
  • Table 55 : Uruguay Market for Organic Fertilizers, Through 2028
  • Table 56 : Top Five Selling Organic Fertilizer Brands in Brazil, 2022
  • Table 57 : Brazilian Market for Organic Fertilizers, Through 2028
  • Table 58 : Rest of Latin American Market for Organic Fertilizers, Through 2028
  • Table 59 : Middle East & African Market for Organic Fertilizers, Through 2028
  • Table 60 : Middle East & African Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Product Form, Through 2028
  • Table 61 : Middle East & African Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Source, Through 2028
  • Table 62 : Middle East & African Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Type, Through 2028
  • Table 63 : Middle East & African Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Crop Type, Through 2028
  • Table 64 : Top Five Selling Organic Fertilizer Brands in Turkey, 2022
  • Table 65 : Turkish Market for Organic Fertilizers, Through 2028
  • Table 66 : Kazakhstan Market for Organic Fertilizers, Through 2028
  • Table 67 : Tunisian Market for Organic Fertilizers, Through 2028
  • Table 68 : Rest of the Middle East & African Market for Organic Fertilizers, Through 2028
  • Table 69 : ESG Risk Rating and ESG Score Key Players in Organic Fertilizers, 2021
  • Table 70 : Overview of ESG Investments in Organic Fertilizer Market, by Key Companies, till 2023
  • Table 71 : Technologies Having an Impact on the Global Organic Fertilizer Market
  • Table 72 : AgroLiquid: News, 2020
  • Table 73 : AgroLiquid: Product Portfolio
  • Table 74 : Agrothrive Inc.: Product Portfolio
  • Table 75 : BioFlora: Product Portfolio
  • Table 76 : BioStar Organics LLC: Product Portfolio
  • Table 77 : California Organic Fertilizers Inc.: Product Portfolio
  • Table 78 : Down To Earth Distributors Inc.: Product Portfolio
  • Table 79 : Dr. Earth Inc.: Product Portfolio
  • Table 80 : Fertikal: Product Portfolio
  • Table 81 : FoxFarm Soil & Fertilizer Co.: News, 2021
  • Table 82 : FoxFarm Soil & Fertilizer Co.: Product Portfolio
  • Table 83 : Haifa Group: News, 2019-2022
  • Table 84 : Haifa Group: Product Portfolio
  • Table 85 : Italpollina S.p.A: Product Portfolio
  • Table 86 : Jobe's Co.: News, 2018 and 2019
  • Table 87 : Jobe's Co.: Product Portfolio
  • Table 88 : Krishak Bharati Cooperative Ltd.: Financial Performance, 2022
  • Table 89 : Krishak Bharati Cooperative Ltd.: Product Portfolio
  • Table 90 : Lallemand Plant Care: News, 2020-2023
  • Table 91 : Lallemand Plant Care: Product Portfolio
  • Table 92 : Mighty Grow Organics: Product Portfolio
  • Table 93 : Nature Safe Fertilizers: Product Portfolio
  • Table 94 : Neem India Products Pvt Ltd.: Product Portfolio
  • Table 95 : Plant Magic Plus Ltd.: Product Portfolio
  • Table 96 : Sustane Natural Fertilizer Inc.: Product Portfolio
  • Table 97 : Terramera: News, 2018-2023
  • Table 98 : Terramera: Product Portfolio
  • Table 99 : The Espoma Co.: Product Portfolio
  • Table 100 : The Fertrell Co.: Product Portfolio
  • Table 101 : The Scotts Miracle-Gro Co.: Financial Performance, 2022
  • Table 102 : The Scotts Miracle-Gro Co.: News, 2021
  • Table 103 : The Scotts Miracle-Gro Co.: Product Portfolio
  • Table 104 : Timac Agro USA Inc.: News, 2021
  • Table 105 : Timac Agro USA Inc.: Product Portfolio
  • Table 106 : Whitney Farms: Product Portfolio

List of Figures

  • Summary Figure A : Global Market Outlook for Organic Fertilizer
  • Summary Figure B : Global Market for Organic Fertilizer, by Region, 2022-2028
  • Figure 1 : Value Chain Analysis of the Market for Organic Fertilizers
  • Figure 2 : Supply Chain Analysis of the Market for Organic Fertilizers
  • Figure 3 : SWOT Analysis of the Market for Organic Fertilizers
  • Figure 4 : PESTLE Analysis of the Market for Organic Fertilizers
  • Figure 5 : Porter's Five Forces Analysis for the Organic Fertilizer Market
  • Figure 6 : Global Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Product Form, 2022-2028
  • Figure 7 : Global Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Source, 2022-2028
  • Figure 8 : Global Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Type, 2022-2028
  • Figure 9 : Global Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Crop Type, 2022-2028
  • Figure 10 : North American Market Overview
  • Figure 11 : North American Market for Organic Fertilizers, 2022-2028
  • Figure 12 : North American Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Product Form, 2022-2028
  • Figure 13 : North American Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Source, 2022-2028
  • Figure 14 : North American Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Type, 2022-2028
  • Figure 15 : North American Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Crop Type, 2022-2028
  • Figure 16 : European Market Overview
  • Figure 17 : European Market for Organic Fertilizers, 2022-2028
  • Figure 18 : European Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Product Form, 2022-2028
  • Figure 19 : European Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Source, 2022-2028
  • Figure 20 : European Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Type, 2022-2028
  • Figure 21 : European Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Crop Type, 2022-2028
  • Figure 22 : Asia-Pacific Market Overview
  • Figure 23 : Asia-Pacific Market for Organic Fertilizers, 2022-2028
  • Figure 24 : Asia-Pacific Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Product Form, 2022-2028
  • Figure 25 : Asia-Pacific Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Source, 2022-2028
  • Figure 26 : Asia-Pacific Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Type, 2022-2028
  • Figure 27 : Asia-Pacific Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Crop Type, 2022-2028
  • Figure 28 : Latin American Market Overview
  • Figure 29 : Latin American Market for Organic Fertilizers, 2022-2028
  • Figure 30 : Latin American Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Product Form, 2022-2028
  • Figure 31 : Latin American Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Source, 2022-2028
  • Figure 32 : Latin American Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Type, 2022-2028
  • Figure 33 : Latin American Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Crop Type, 2022-2028
  • Figure 34 : Middle East & African Market Overview
  • Figure 35 : Middle East & African Market for Organic Fertilizers, 2022-2028
  • Figure 36 : Middle East & African Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Product Form, 2022-2028
  • Figure 37 : Middle East & African Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Source, 2022-2028
  • Figure 38 : Middle East & African Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Type, 2022-2028
  • Figure 39 : Middle East & African Market for Organic Fertilizers, by Crop Type, 2022-2028
  • Figure 40 : ESG Trends in the Organic Fertilizers Market
  • Figure 41 : Krishak Bharati Cooperative Ltd.: Financial Performance, 2021 and 2022
  • Figure 42 : Krishak Bharati Cooperative Ltd.: Revenue Shares, by Business Unit, 2022
  • Figure 43 : The Scotts Miracle-Gro Co.: Financial Performance, 2021 and 2022
  • Figure 44 : The Scotts Miracle-Gro Co.: Revenue Shares, by Business Unit, 2021
  • Figure 45 : The Scotts Miracle-Gro Co.: Revenue Shares, by Country/Region, 2021