全球多层薄膜市场:区域分析(2023-2033)
市场调查报告书
商品编码
1410002

全球多层薄膜市场:区域分析(2023-2033)

Mulch Films Market: A Global and Regional Analysis, 2023-2033

出版日期: | 出版商: BIS Research | 英文 179 Pages | 商品交期: 1-5个工作天内

价格
简介目录

由于农业和园艺领域的各种因素和驱动力,全球地膜市场规模目前正在经历显着扩张。

这种扩张的关键驱动力之一是越来越多地采用地膜作为永续农业实践。地膜通常由聚乙烯等材料製成,用于覆盖植物周围的土壤、保持水分、抑制杂草并调节土壤温度。该技术有助于提高作物产量、提高用水效率并减少对除草剂的依赖,促进永续和环境友善的农业实践。随着农业寻求优化资源利用并应对气候变迁带来的挑战,对地膜的需求持续成长。

此外,全球地膜市场正在从蓬勃发展的园艺和花卉产业中获得动力。地膜透过为植物和花卉创造有利的生长条件,为这些地区提供了重要的好处。它保留土壤中的水分,防止水土流失,作为害虫的屏障,并为植物生长创造最佳条件。由于温室栽培和受控环境农业的日益采用,对地膜的需求进一步增加,有助于提高作物的品质和保护。随着园艺业不断现代化并采用先进的栽培技术,地膜的使用预计会增加,从而推动整体市场的扩张。

地膜製造的技术进步,例如生物分解性和可堆肥地膜的开发,也在市场成长中发挥至关重要的作用。随着人们对永续农业和环境友善性的日益重视,对使用后可自然分解的地膜的需求不断增长。生物分解性的地膜解决了人们对农业塑胶废弃物的担忧,并提供了环保的替代品。随着法规和消费者偏好与永续农业相一致,随着持续的技术创新和对环境负责的农业的承诺,全球地膜市场有望持续成长。

该报告考察了全球多层膜市场,并提供了市场概述、按应用、类型、要素、地区和参与市场的公司概况分類的趋势。

目录

第一章市场:产业展望

  • 趋势:当前和未来的影响评估
  • 供应链概览
  • 研究发展回顾
  • 监管状况
  • 相关利益者分析
  • 世界主要事件 - COVID-19、俄罗斯/乌克兰、中东危机的影响分析
  • 多层电影市场主要企业的最新发展
  • 市场动态概览

第二章 应用

  • 应用细分
  • 应用概述
  • 全球复合薄膜市场 - 按应用

第三章 产品

  • 产品细分
  • 产品概要
  • 全球复合薄膜市场—按类型
  • 全球复合薄膜市场-依要素划分

第四章 区域

  • 区域概况
  • 促进因素和抑制因素
  • 北美洲
  • 欧洲
  • 亚太地区
  • 其他地区

第五章市场-竞争形势与公司概况

  • 竞争形势
  • 公司简介
    • BASF SE
    • Berry Global Inc.
    • DOW
    • Kuraray
    • Exxon Mobil Corporation
    • RKW Group
    • Intergro, Inc.
    • Plastika Kritis SA
    • EPI Ltd.
    • Captain Polyplast Ltd
    • Tilak Polypack Pvt. Ltd.
    • Iris Polymers
    • Novamont SPA
    • Armando Alvarez Group
    • Achilles Corporation
  • 其他主要市场参与企业

第六章 成长机会与建议

第七章调查方法

简介目录
Product Code: AGA1719SA

“Global Mulch Films Market Flourishes as Sustainable Agriculture Practices Gain Traction.”

The global mulch films market is currently undergoing significant growth, driven by various factors and driving forces within the agriculture and horticulture sectors. One key driver for this expansion is the increasing adoption of mulch films as a sustainable agricultural practice. Typically crafted from materials like polyethylene, mulch films are applied to cover the soil around plants, conserving moisture, controlling weeds, and regulating soil temperature. This technology contributes to improved crop yields, heightened water efficiency, and decreased reliance on herbicides, promoting sustainable and environmentally friendly farming practices. As the agriculture industry seeks to optimize resource utilization and address the challenges posed by climate change, the demand for mulch films is witnessing an upward trajectory.

Furthermore, the global mulch films market is gaining momentum from the burgeoning horticulture and floriculture industries. Mulch films offer essential benefits in these sectors by creating favourable growing conditions for plants and flowers. They assist in retaining soil moisture, preventing soil erosion, and acting as a barrier against pests, fostering optimal conditions for plant growth. The increasing adoption of greenhouse cultivation and controlled environment agriculture further augments the demand for mulch films, contributing to improved crop quality and protection. As the horticulture industry continues to modernize and embrace advanced cultivation techniques, the use of mulch films is expected to rise, propelling overall market expansion.

Technological advancements in mulch film manufacturing, including the development of biodegradable and compostable mulch films, are also playing a pivotal role in market growth. With a growing emphasis on sustainable farming practices and environmental stewardship, there is an increasing demand for mulch films that can naturally break down after use. Biodegradable mulch films address concerns related to plastic waste in agriculture, providing an eco-friendly alternative. As regulations and consumer preferences align with sustainable agriculture, the global mulch films market is poised for continued growth, driven by ongoing innovations and a commitment to environmentally responsible farming practices.

Market Segmentation:

Segmentation 1: by Application

  • Agricultural Farms
  • Horticulture

Segmentation 2: by Type

  • Clear/Transparent
  • Black Mulch
  • Photo-Selective Mulch
  • Degradable Mulch
  • Other Types

Segmentation 3: by Element

  • LLDPE
  • LDPE
  • HDPE
  • EVA
  • PLA
  • PHA
  • Other Elements

Segmentation 4: by Region

  • North America
  • Europe
  • Asia-Pacific
  • Rest-of-the-World

Key Market Players and Competition Synopsis

The companies that are profiled have been selected based on inputs gathered from primary experts and analysing company coverage, product portfolio, and market penetration.

Some of the prominent names established in this market are:

  • Berry Global Inc.
  • Plastika Kritis S.A.
  • RKW Group
  • Armando Alvarez Group

Key Questions Answered in this Report:

  • What are the main factors driving the demand for global mulch films market?
  • What are the major patents filed by the companies active in the global mulch films market?
  • What are the strategies adopted by the key companies to gain a competitive edge in mulch films industry
  • What is the futuristic outlook for the mulch films industry in terms of growth potential?
  • Which application, and product segment is expected to lead the market over the forecast period (2023-2033)?
  • Which region and country is expected to lead the market over the forecast period (2023-2033)?

Table of Contents

1. Markets: Industry Outlook

  • 1.1. Trends: Current and Future Impact Assessment
    • 1.1.1. Rise in Demand for Greenhouse Applications Coupled with Growth in Environmental Concerns
    • 1.1.2. Increase in Demand for Crop Productivity
  • 1.2. Supply Chain Overview
    • 1.2.1. Value chain Analysis
    • 1.2.2. Market Map
    • 1.2.3. Pricing Forecast
  • 1.3. R&D Review
    • 1.3.1. Patent Filing Trend by Country, by Company
  • 1.4. Regulatory Landscape
  • 1.5. Stakeholder Analysis
    • 1.5.1. Use case
    • 1.5.2. End User and buying criteria
  • 1.6. Impact analysis for Key Global Events-covid19, Russia/Ukraine or Middle East crisis
  • 1.7. Recent Developments by Key Players in Mulch Films Market
  • 1.8. Market Dynamics Overview
    • 1.8.1. Market Drivers
    • 1.8.2. Market Restraints
    • 1.8.3. Market Opportunities

2. Application

  • 2.1. Application Segmentation
  • 2.2. Application Summary
  • 2.3. Global Mulch Films Market - by Application
    • 2.3.1. Agricultural Farms
    • 2.3.2. Horticulture

3. Product

  • 3.1. Product Segmentation
  • 3.2. Product Summary
  • 3.3. Global Mulch Films Market - by Type
    • 3.3.1. Clear/Transparent
    • 3.3.2. Black Mulch
    • 3.3.3. Photo-Selective Mulch
    • 3.3.4. Degradable Mulch
      • 3.3.4.1. Biodegradable Mulch
      • 3.3.4.2. Photodegradable Mulch
    • 3.3.5. Other Types
  • 3.4. Global Mulch Films Market - by Element
    • 3.4.1. LLDPE
    • 3.4.2. LDPE
    • 3.4.3. HDPE
    • 3.4.4. EVA
    • 3.4.5. PLA
    • 3.4.6. PHA
    • 3.4.7. Other Elements

4. Region

  • 4.1. Regional Summary

Table: Global Mulch Films Market, By Region, (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: Global Mulch Films Market, By Region, ($ Million), 2022-2033

  • 4.2. Drivers and Restraints
  • 4.3. North America
    • 4.3.1. Key Market Participants in North America
    • 4.3.2. Business Drivers
    • 4.3.3. Business Challenges
    • 4.3.4. Application

Table: North America Mulch Films Market, by Application (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: North America Mulch Films Market, by Application ($ Million), 2022-2033

    • 4.3.5. Product

Table: North America Mulch Films Market, by Type (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: North America Mulch Films Market, by Type ($ Million), 2022-2033

Table: North America Mulch Films Market, by Element (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: North America Mulch Films Market, by Element ($ Million), 2022-2033

    • 4.3.6. North America Mulch Films Market (by Country)
      • 4.3.6.1. U.S.

Table: U.S. Mulch Films Market, by Application (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: U.S. Mulch Films Market, by Application ($ Million), 2022-2033

Table: U.S. Mulch Films Market, by Type (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: U.S. Mulch Films Market, by Type ($ Million), 2022-2033

Table: U.S. Mulch Films Market, by Element (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: U.S. Mulch Films Market, by Element (Tons), 2022-2033

      • 4.3.6.2. Canada

Table: Canada Mulch Films Market, by Application (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: Canada Mulch Films Market, by Application ($ Million), 2022-2033

Table: Canada Mulch Films Market, by Type (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: Canada Mulch Films Market, by Type ($ Million), 2022-2033

Table: Canada Mulch Films Market, by Element (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: Canada Mulch Films Market, by Element ($ Million), 2022-2033

      • 4.3.6.3. Mexico

Table: Mexico Mulch Films Market, by Application (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: Mexico Mulch Films Market, by Application ($ Million), 2022-2033

Table: Mexico Mulch Films Market, by Type (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: Mexico Mulch Films Market, by Type ($ Million), 2022-2033

Table: Mexico Mulch Films Market, by Element (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: Mexico Mulch Films Market, by Element ($ Million), 2022-2033

  • 4.4. Europe
    • 4.4.1. Key Market Participants in Europe
    • 4.4.2. Business Drivers
    • 4.4.3. Business Challenges
    • 4.4.4. Application

Table: Europe Mulch Films Market, by Application (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: Europe Mulch Films Market, by Application ($ Million), 2022-2033

    • 4.4.5. Product

Table: Europe Mulch Films Market, by Type (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: Europe Mulch Films Market, by Type ($ Million), 2022-2033

Table: Europe Mulch Films Market, by Element (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: Europe Mulch Films Market, by Element ($ Million), 2022-2033

    • 4.4.6. Europe Mulch Films Market (by Country)
      • 4.4.6.1. Germany

Table: Germany Mulch Films Market, by Application (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: Germany Mulch Films Market, by Application ($ Million), 2022-2033

Table: Germany Mulch Films Market, by Type (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: Germany Mulch Films Market, by Type ($ Million), 2022-2033

Table: Germany Mulch Films Market, by Element (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: Germany Mulch Films Market, by Element ($ Million), 2022-2033

      • 4.4.6.2. France

Table: France Mulch Films Market, by Application (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: France Mulch Films Market, by Application ($ Million), 2022-2033

Table: France Mulch Films Market, by Type (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: France Mulch Films Market, by Type ($ Million), 2022-2033

Table: France Mulch Films Market, by Element (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: France Mulch Films Market, by Element ($ Million), 2022-2033

      • 4.4.6.3. Italy

Table: Italy Mulch Films Market, by Application (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: Italy Mulch Films Market, by Application ($ Million), 2022-2033

Table: Italy Mulch Films Market, by Type (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: Italy Mulch Films Market, by Type ($ Million), 2022-2033

Table: Italy Mulch Films Market, by Element (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: Italy Mulch Films Market, by Element ($ Million), 2022-2033

      • 4.4.6.4. U.K.

Table: U.K. Mulch Films Market, by Application (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: U.K. Mulch Films Market, by Application ($ Million), 2022-2033

Table: U.K. Mulch Films Market, by Type (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: U.K. Mulch Films Market, by Type ($ Million), 2022-2033

Table: U.K. Mulch Films Market, by Element (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: U.K. Mulch Films Market, by Element ($ Million), 2022-2033

      • 4.4.6.5. Rest-of-Europe

Table: Rest-of-Europe Mulch Films Market, by Application (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: Rest-of-Europe Mulch Films Market, by Application ($ Million), 2022-2033

Table: Rest-of-Europe Mulch Films Market, by Type (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: Rest-of-Europe Mulch Films Market, by Type ($ Million), 2022-2033

Table: Rest-of-Europe Mulch Films Market, by Element (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: Rest-of-Europe Mulch Films Market, by Element ($ Million), 2022-2033

  • 4.5. Asia-Pacific
    • 4.5.1. Key Market Participants in Asia-Pacific
    • 4.5.2. Business Drivers
    • 4.5.3. Business Challenges
    • 4.5.4. Application

Table: Asia-Pacific Mulch Films Market, by Application (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: Asia-Pacific Mulch Films Market, by Application ($ Million), 2022-2033

    • 4.5.5. Product

Table: Asia-Pacific Mulch Films Market, by Type (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: Asia-Pacific Mulch Films Market, by Type ($ Million), 2022-2033

Table: Asia-Pacific Mulch Films Market, by Element (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: Asia-Pacific Mulch Films Market, by Element ($ Million), 2022-2033

    • 4.5.6. Asia-Pacific Mulch Films Market (by Country)
      • 4.5.6.1. China

Table: China Mulch Films Market, by Application (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: China Mulch Films Market, by Application ($ Million), 2022-2033

Table: China Mulch Films Market, by Type (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: China Mulch Films Market, by Type ($ Million), 2022-2033

Table: China Mulch Films Market, by Element (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: China Mulch Films Market, by Element ($ Million), 2022-2033

      • 4.5.6.2. Japan

Table: Japan Mulch Films Market, by Application (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: Japan Mulch Films Market, by Application ($ Million), 2022-2033

Table: Japan Mulch Films Market, by Type (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: Japan Mulch Films Market, by Type ($ Million), 2022-2033

Table: Japan Mulch Films Market, by Element (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: Japan Mulch Films Market, by Element ($ Million), 2022-2033

      • 4.5.6.3. India

Table: India Mulch Films Market, by Application (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: India Mulch Films Market, by Application ($ Million), 2022-2033

Table: India Mulch Films Market, by Type (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: India Mulch Films Market, by Type ($ Million), 2022-2033

Table: India Mulch Films Market, by Element (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: India Mulch Films Market, by Element ($ Million), 2022-2033

      • 4.5.6.4. South Korea

Table: South Korea Mulch Films Market, by Application (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: South Korea Mulch Films Market, by Application ($ Million), 2022-2033

Table: South Korea Mulch Films Market, by Type (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: South Korea Mulch Films Market, by Type ($ Million), 2022-2033

Table: South Korea Mulch Films Market, by Element (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: South Korea Mulch Films Market, by Element ($ Million), 2022-2033

      • 4.5.6.5. Rest-of-Asia-Pacific

Table: Rest-of-Asia-Pacific Mulch Films Market, by Application (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: Rest-of-Asia-Pacific Mulch Films Market, by Application ($ Million), 2022-2033

Table: Rest-of-Asia-Pacific Mulch Films Market, by Type (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: Rest-of-Asia-Pacific Mulch Films Market, by Type ($ Million), 2022-2033

Table: Rest-of-Asia-Pacific Mulch Films Market, by Element (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: Rest-of-Asia-Pacific Mulch Films Market, by Element ($ Million), 2022-2033

  • 4.6. Rest-of-the-World
    • 4.6.1. Key Market Participants in Rest-of-the-World
    • 4.6.2. Business Drivers
    • 4.6.3. Business Challenges
    • 4.6.4. Application

Table: Rest-of-the-World Mulch Films Market, by Application (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: Rest-of-the-World Mulch Films Market, by Application ($ Million), 2022-2033

    • 4.6.5. Product

Table: Rest-of-the-World Mulch Films Market, by Type (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: Rest-of-the-World Mulch Films Market, by Type ($ Million), 2022-2033

Table: Rest-of-the-World Mulch Films Market, by Element (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: Rest-of-the-World Mulch Films Market, by Element ($ Million), 2022-2033

    • 4.6.6. Rest of the World Mulch Films Market (By Region)
      • 4.6.6.1. The Middle East and Africa

Table: The Middle East and Africa Mulch Films Market, by Application (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: The Middle East and Africa Mulch Films Market, by Application ($ Million), 2022-2033

Table: The Middle East and Africa Mulch Films Market, by Type (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: The Middle East and Africa Mulch Films Market, by Type ($ Million), 2022-2033

Table: The Middle East and Africa Mulch Films Market, by Element (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: The Middle East and Africa Mulch Films Market, by Element ($ Million), 2022-2033

      • 4.6.6.2. South America

Table: South America Mulch Films Market, by Application (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: South America Mulch Films Market, by Application ($ Million), 2022-2033

Table: South America Mulch Films Market, by Type (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: South America Mulch Films Market, by Type ($ Million), 2022-2033

Table: South America Mulch Films Market, by Element (Tons), 2022-2033

Table: South America Mulch Films Market, by Element ($ Million), 2022-2033

5. Markets - Competitive Landscape & Company Profiles

  • 5.1. Competitive Landscape
  • 5.2. Company Profiles
    • 5.2.1. BASF SE
      • 5.2.1.1. Overview
      • 5.2.1.2. Top Products / Product Portfolio
      • 5.2.1.3. Top Competitors
      • 5.2.1.4. Target Customers/End-Users
      • 5.2.1.5. Key Personnel
      • 5.2.1.6. Analyst View
      • 5.2.1.7. Market Share
    • 5.2.2. Berry Global Inc.
      • 5.2.2.1. Overview
      • 5.2.2.2. Top Products / Product Portfolio
      • 5.2.2.3. Top Competitors
      • 5.2.2.4. Target Customers/End-Users
      • 5.2.2.5. Key Personnel
      • 5.2.2.6. Analyst View
      • 5.2.2.7. Market Share
    • 5.2.3. DOW
      • 5.2.3.1. Overview
      • 5.2.3.2. Top Products / Product Portfolio
      • 5.2.3.3. Top Competitors
      • 5.2.3.4. Target Customers/End-Users
      • 5.2.3.5. Key Personnel
      • 5.2.3.6. Analyst View
      • 5.2.3.7. Market Share
    • 5.2.4. Kuraray
      • 5.2.4.1. Overview
      • 5.2.4.2. Top Products / Product Portfolio
      • 5.2.4.3. Top Competitors
      • 5.2.4.4. Target Customers/End-Users
      • 5.2.4.5. Key Personnel
      • 5.2.4.6. Analyst View
      • 5.2.4.7. Market Share
    • 5.2.5. Exxon Mobil Corporation
      • 5.2.5.1. Overview
      • 5.2.5.2. Top Products / Product Portfolio
      • 5.2.5.3. Top Competitors
      • 5.2.5.4. Target Customers/End-Users
      • 5.2.5.5. Key Personnel
      • 5.2.5.6. Analyst View
      • 5.2.5.7. Market Share
    • 5.2.6. RKW Group
      • 5.2.6.1. Overview
      • 5.2.6.2. Top Products / Product Portfolio
      • 5.2.6.3. Top Competitors
      • 5.2.6.4. Target Customers/End-Users
      • 5.2.6.5. Key Personnel
      • 5.2.6.6. Analyst View
      • 5.2.6.7. Market Share
    • 5.2.7. Intergro, Inc.
      • 5.2.7.1. Overview
      • 5.2.7.2. Top Products / Product Portfolio
      • 5.2.7.3. Top Competitors
      • 5.2.7.4. Target Customers/End-Users
      • 5.2.7.5. Key Personnel
      • 5.2.7.6. Analyst View
      • 5.2.7.7. Market Share
    • 5.2.8. Plastika Kritis S.A.
      • 5.2.8.1. Overview
      • 5.2.8.2. Top Products / Product Portfolio
      • 5.2.8.3. Top Competitors
      • 5.2.8.4. Target Customers/End-Users
      • 5.2.8.5. Key Personnel
      • 5.2.8.6. Analyst View
      • 5.2.8.7. Market Share
    • 5.2.9. EPI Ltd.
      • 5.2.9.1. Overview
      • 5.2.9.2. Top Products / Product Portfolio
      • 5.2.9.3. Top Competitors
      • 5.2.9.4. Target Customers/End-Users
      • 5.2.9.5. Key Personnel
      • 5.2.9.6. Analyst View
      • 5.2.9.7. Market Share
    • 5.2.10. Captain Polyplast Ltd
      • 5.2.10.1. Overview
      • 5.2.10.2. Top Products / Product Portfolio
      • 5.2.10.3. Top Competitors
      • 5.2.10.4. Target Customers/End-Users
      • 5.2.10.5. Key Personnel
      • 5.2.10.6. Analyst View
      • 5.2.10.7. Market Share
    • 5.2.11. Tilak Polypack Pvt. Ltd.
      • 5.2.11.1. Overview
      • 5.2.11.2. Top Products / Product Portfolio
      • 5.2.11.3. Top Competitors
      • 5.2.11.4. Target Customers/End-Users
      • 5.2.11.5. Key Personnel
      • 5.2.11.6. Analyst View
      • 5.2.11.7. Market Share
    • 5.2.12. Iris Polymers
      • 5.2.12.1. Overview
      • 5.2.12.2. Top Products / Product Portfolio
      • 5.2.12.3. Top Competitors
      • 5.2.12.4. Target Customers/End-Users
      • 5.2.12.5. Key Personnel
      • 5.2.12.6. Analyst View
      • 5.2.12.7. Market Share
    • 5.2.13. Novamont S.P.A.
      • 5.2.13.1. Overview
      • 5.2.13.2. Top Products / Product Portfolio
      • 5.2.13.3. Top Competitors
      • 5.2.13.4. Target Customers/End-Users
      • 5.2.13.5. Key Personnel
      • 5.2.13.6. Analyst View
      • 5.2.13.7. Market Share
    • 5.2.14. Armando Alvarez Group
      • 5.2.14.1. Overview
      • 5.2.14.2. Top Products / Product Portfolio
      • 5.2.14.3. Top Competitors
      • 5.2.14.4. Target Customers/End-Users
      • 5.2.14.5. Key Personnel
      • 5.2.14.6. Analyst View
      • 5.2.14.7. Market Share
    • 5.2.15. Achilles Corporation
      • 5.2.15.1. Overview
      • 5.2.15.2. Top Products / Product Portfolio
      • 5.2.15.3. Top Competitors
      • 5.2.15.4. Target Customers/End-Users
      • 5.2.15.5. Key Personnel
      • 5.2.15.6. Analyst View
      • 5.2.15.7. Market Share
  • 5.3. Other Key Market Participants

6. Growth Opportunities & Recommendations

7. Research Methodology