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市场调查报告书
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1423512

全球量子密码市场 - 2024-2031

Global Quantum Cryptography Market - 2024-2031

出版日期: | 出版商: DataM Intelligence | 英文 211 Pages | 商品交期: 约2个工作天内

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简介目录

概述

全球量子密码市场于 2023 年达到 4 亿美元,预计到 2031 年将达到 55 亿美元,2024-2031 年预测期间CAGR为 40.7%。

量子金钥分发(量子密码学的核心组成部分)的不断发展提高了安全金钥交换的效率和可靠性。 QKD 协议的创新使量子加密对于寻求增强资料安全性的不同行业更具吸引力。人们对网路安全重要性的高度认识导致了旨在加强资料保护措施的监管工作。监管框架内支持或要求整合量子密码学的措施成为市场扩张的催化剂。

市场主要参与者推出了创新的量子加密软体,有助于在预测期内促进市场成长。例如,2023 年 12 月 20 日,QuSecure 在 AWS 市场推出了 QuProtect 后量子密码网路安全软体。透过信誉良好的 AWS Marketplace 快速存取 QuProtect 扩大了不同规模组织对 QuSecure 复杂企业安全软体的存取范围,从而针对不断变化的网路威胁提供弹性防御。

政府不断增加的量子加密措施有助于促进市场的区域成长。例如,2021 年 7 月,网路安全和基础设施安全局宣布建立后量子密码学 (PQC) 计划,以统一和推动各机构努力应对量子运算带来的威胁。在美国,CISA 的新措施以国土安全部(DHS) 现有工作以及商务部国家标准与技术研究所(NIST) 正在进行的工作为基础,在向网路转型期间支持关键基础设施以及政府网路所有者和运营商。后量子密码学。

动力学

全球网路攻击不断增加

全球范围内网路攻击的日益普遍和日益复杂,引发了人们对传统密码系统固有的敏感性的担忧。基于量子力学原理的量子密码学提出了一种新颖的方法,理论上可以提供坚不可摧的安全性。根据Cobalt公司2023年给出的资料,到2025年,全球网路犯罪成本估计每年约为10.5兆美元。

据网路安全企业称,到2031 年,勒索软体造成的损失预计将达到每年约2,650 亿美元,远高于2021 年的200 亿美元。财务长表示,在62% 的受访组织中,勒索软体已被指定为首要问题对于最高管理层来说,比2022 年观察到的数字增加了44%。根据SpyCloud 2023 年勒索软体防御报告,81% 的受访组织遭遇过勒索软体攻击,其中48% 选择支付赎金。

量子密码学的技术进步

量子密码技术的快速发展使得量子密码技术越来越适用于现实场景。随着技术的成熟,将量子密码解决方案整合到现有组织系统中变得更加可行。量子金钥分发是量子密码学的基本要素,QKD 协定的不断增强正在提高安全金钥交换的有效性,扩大量子密码学在不同产业的吸引力。

解决量子系统固有的挑战,例如环境因素引入的误差,是关键的研究领域。纠错和容错机制的进步增强了量子密码系统的稳健性和可靠性。促进量子密码解决方案与经典系统无缝整合的技术发展有助于市场的成长。

量子密码学的实施成本高昂

由于其高成本以及对专用设备和基础设施的要求,大规模实施量子密码学具有挑战性。由于量子密码学需要专门的硬体和软体,因此其实施成本可能很高。与实施量子加密解决方案(包括量子金钥分发 (QKD) 等系统)相关的大量初始费用和持续费用构成了重大的财务挑战。较小的组织,尤其是预算有限的组织,可能会将投资这些先进且昂贵的技术视为财务负担。

企业拨出大量资金用于量子密码系统的应用、开发和维护。由于来自其他策略项目的竞争或这种分配产生的重要营运需求,很难证明支出的合理性。对于中小型企业(SME)来说,资助量子加密技术的巨额前期费用尤其困难。小型企业中抗量子密码系统的商业应用受到这种负担能力问题的限制。

目录

第 1 章:方法与范围

  • 研究方法论
  • 报告的研究目的和范围

第 2 章:定义与概述

第 3 章:执行摘要

  • 按组件分類的片段
  • 按类型分類的片段
  • 安全片段
  • 按组织规模分類的片段
  • 最终使用者的片段
  • 按地区分類的片段

第 4 章:动力学

  • 影响因素
    • 司机
      • 全球网路攻击不断增加
      • 量子密码学的技术进步
    • 限制
      • 量子密码学的实施成本高昂
    • 机会
    • 影响分析

第 5 章:产业分析

  • 波特五力分析
  • 供应链分析
  • 定价分析
  • 监管分析
  • 俄乌战争影响分析
  • DMI 意见

第 6 章:COVID-19 分析

  • COVID-19 分析
    • 新冠疫情爆发前的情景
    • 新冠疫情期间的情景
    • 新冠疫情后的情景
  • COVID-19 期间的定价动态
  • 供需谱
  • 疫情期间政府与市场相关的倡议
  • 製造商策略倡议
  • 结论

第 7 章:按组件

  • 解决方案
  • 服务

第 8 章:按类型

  • 量子密钥分配
  • 量子随机数生成
  • 其他的

第 9 章:安全

  • 应用程式安全
  • 网路安全

第 10 章:依组织规模

  • 中小企业
  • 大型企业

第 11 章:最终用户

  • 资讯科技与电信
  • BFSI
  • 医疗保健和生命科学
  • 汽车
  • 零售
  • 政府与国防
  • 其他的

第 12 章:按地区

  • 北美洲
    • 我们
    • 加拿大
    • 墨西哥
  • 欧洲
    • 德国
    • 英国
    • 法国
    • 义大利
    • 西班牙
    • 欧洲其他地区
  • 南美洲
    • 巴西
    • 阿根廷
    • 南美洲其他地区
  • 亚太
    • 中国
    • 印度
    • 日本
    • 澳洲
    • 亚太其他地区
  • 中东和非洲

第13章:竞争格局

  • 竞争场景
  • 市场定位/份额分析
  • 併购分析

第 14 章:公司简介

  • ID Quantique
    • 公司简介
    • 产品组合和描述
    • 财务概览
    • 主要进展
  • QuintessenceLabs
  • Toshiba
  • QuantumCTek
  • Magiq Technologies
  • Crypta Labs
  • Qasky
  • Qubitekk
  • ISARA
  • Nucrypt

第 15 章:附录

简介目录
Product Code: ICT7930

Overview

Global Quantum Cryptography Market reached US$ 0.4 Billion in 2023 and is expected to reach US$ 5.5 Billion by 2031, growing with a CAGR of 40.7% during the forecast period 2024-2031.

Growing developments in Quantum Key Distribution, a core component of quantum cryptography, enhance the efficiency and reliability of secure key exchange. Innovations in QKD protocols make quantum cryptography more appealing for diverse industries seeking enhanced data security. A heightened recognition of the criticality of cybersecurity has resulted in regulatory endeavors aimed at reinforcing measures for safeguarding data. Initiatives within regulatory frameworks that endorse or require the integration of quantum cryptography serve as catalysts for the expansion of the market.

Major key players in the market launched innovative quantum cryptography software that helps boost market growth over the forecast period. For instance, on December 20, 2023, QuSecure launched QuProtect post-quantum cryptography cybersecurity Software in the AWS marketplace. The prompt accessibility of QuProtect through the reputable AWS Marketplace broadens the accessibility of QuSecure's sophisticated enterprise security software to organizations of varying sizes, providing a resilient defense against evolving cyber threats.

Growing government initiatives for quantum cryptography help to boost the regional growth of the market. For instance, in July 2021, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency announced the establishment of a Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) Initiative to unify and drive agency efforts to address threats posed by quantum computing. In U.S. CISA's new initiative is building on existing Department of Homeland Security (DHS) efforts as well as those underway at the Department of Commerce's National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to support critical infrastructure and government network owners and operators during the transition to post-quantum cryptography.

Dynamics

Rising Cyberattacks Globally

The growing prevalence and heightened sophistication of cyberattacks globally have sparked apprehensions regarding the susceptibilities inherent in traditional cryptographic systems. Quantum cryptography, based on the principles of quantum mechanics, presents a novel approach that, in theory, could deliver impenetrable security. According to the data given by Cobalt company in 2023, Globally, cybercrime cost is estimated at aroud US$ 10.5 trillion annually by 2025.

According to the cybersecurity ventures ransomware costs are projected to reach around US$265 billion US$ annually by 2031, significantly up from US$20 billion in 2021. According to the CFO, In 62% of surveyed organizations, ransomware has been designated as the primary concern for the C-suite, marking a 44% increase from the figures observed in 2022. According to the SpyCloud 2023 Ransomware Defense Report, ransomware attacks were encountered by 81% of surveyed organizations, with 48% opting to fulfill the ransom payment.

Technological Advancements in the Quantum Cryptography

Rapid technological growth in quantum cryptography makes quantum cryptography technologies increasingly applicable to real-world scenarios. With the maturation of the technology, the integration of quantum cryptographic solutions into existing organizational systems becomes more viable. Quantum Key Distribution is a foundational element in quantum cryptography and ongoing enhancements in QKD protocols are boosting the effectiveness of secure key exchange, expanding the appeal of quantum cryptography across diverse industries.

Addressing the inherent challenges of quantum systems, such as errors introduced by environmental factors, is a key area of research. Advancements in error correction and fault tolerance mechanisms enhance the robustness and reliability of quantum cryptographic systems. Technological developments that facilitate the seamless integration of quantum cryptographic solutions with classical systems contribute to the market's growth.

The High Implementation Cost of the Quantum Cryptography

The implementation of quantum cryptography on a broad scale is challenging due to its high cost and requirement for specialized equipment and infrastructure. Because quantum cryptography requires specialized hardware and software, its implementation can be expensive. The substantial initial and ongoing expenses linked to the implementation of quantum cryptography solutions, including systems like quantum key distribution (QKD), pose a significant financial challenge. Smaller organizations, particularly those with constrained budgets, might perceive investing in these advanced and expensive technologies as a financial burden.

Businesses set aside significant money for the application, development and maintenance of quantum cryptography systems. It is difficult to justify the expenditure due to competition from other strategic projects or important operational needs resulting from this allocation. It is especially difficult for small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) to finance the heavy upfront expenses of quantum cryptography. The commercial uptake of quantum-resistant cryptography systems among smaller enterprises is restricted by this affordability issue.

Segment Analysis

The global Quantum Cryptography market is segmented based on component, type, security, organizational size, end-user and region.

Growing Demand for Quantum Cryptography Services Globally

Based on the components, the quantum cryptography market is segmented into solutions and services. Due to the deal with sensitive data, several industries like banking, healthcare and defense have high safety standards. The sectors are served by quantum cryptography services, which offer sophisticated encryption techniques resistant to quantum assaults. Service providers for quantum cryptography frequently work with academic institutions, IT firms and governmental organizations. The collaborations help in the creation of novel cryptographic techniques that are resistant to quantum defects and are incorporated into the current communication networks.

Major key players in the market follow a merger and acquisition strategy which helps to boost segment growth over the forecast period. For instance, on May 30, 2023, PQShield, announced collaboration with Tata Consultancy Services and eShard as organizations committed to implementing post-quantum cryptography. PQShield signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Tata Consultancy Services.

Geographical Penetration

North America is Dominating the Quantum Cryptography Market

North America accounted for the largest market share in the global quantum cryptography market due to the rapid growth in quantum research and development by major key players. An active ecosystem of tech startups, corporations and investors exists throughout North America helps to boost regional market growth. Growing investments in quantum technology businesses in the area help to promote innovation and the creation of useful applications like solutions for quantum cryptography.

Growing Government initiatives for cyber security help to boost regional market growth over the forecast period. For instance, in March 2021, Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro N. Mayorkas outlined his vision for cybersecurity resilience and identified the transition to post-quantum encryption as a priority. Also, the Government of U.S. outlined its goals to maintain the nation's competitive advantage in quantum information science (QIS) while mitigating the risks of quantum computers to the nation's cyber, economic and national security in National Security Memorandum 10.

Competitive Landscape

The major global players in the market include ID Quantique, QuintessenceLabs, Toshiba, QuantumCTek, Magiq Technologies, Crypta Labs, Qasky, Qubitekk, ISARA and Nucrypt.

COVID-19 Impact Analysis

The quantum cryptography market has experienced supply chain disruptions due to manufacturing closures, restrictions on internally impacted exports and other challenges. Delays in the shipment and production of quantum cryptography hardware components are negatively impacting the market growth. Due to the pandemic, there are, disruptions in research and development activities, including laboratory closures, limitations on in-person collaboration and delays in experiments. The factors have influenced the schedule for the advancement of novel quantum cryptography technologies.

Organizations and governments have realigned their focuses and financial allocations to tackle the immediate public health issues and economic challenges brought about by the pandemic. The has impacted investments in longer-term projects, including quantum cryptography research. Investments in quantum cryptography solutions might have encountered delays as companies gave precedence to more urgent requirements.

Russia-Ukraine War Impact Analysis

Geopolitical conflicts between the countries lead to disruptions in the global supply chain of quantum cryptography. Key players in the quantum cryptography market, such as hardware manufacturers or technology providers, are based in the regions directly affected by the conflict, which impacts the production and availability of quantum cryptography solutions. Geopolitical instability influences government spending and priorities. Funding for research and development in quantum technologies, including quantum cryptography affected due to the governments involved in the conflict reallocating resources to address immediate geopolitical concerns.

Quantum cryptography involves collaboration between institutions, researchers and companies from different countries. Geopolitical tensions strain international collaborations, affecting the exchange of expertise, knowledge and joint research initiatives. Geopolitical events lead to changes in regulations and export controls. Quantum cryptography technologies are subject to regulatory frameworks and alterations in these regulations due to geopolitical developments impact the market dynamics.

By Component

  • Solution
  • Service

By Type

  • Quantum Key Distribution
  • Quantum Random Number Generation
  • Others

By Security

  • Application Security
  • Network Security

By Organizational Size

  • Small & Medium Enterprise
  • Large Enterprise

By End-User

  • IT & Telecom
  • BFSI
  • Healthcare and life science
  • Automotive
  • Retail
  • Government & Defense
  • Others

By Region

  • North America
    • U.S.
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • Germany
    • UK
    • France
    • Italy
    • Spain
    • Rest of Europe
  • South America
    • Brazil
    • Argentina
    • Rest of South America
  • Asia-Pacific
    • China
    • India
    • Japan
    • Australia
    • Rest of Asia-Pacific
  • Middle East and Africa

Key Developments

  • On December 20, 2023, QuSecure, a leader in post-quantum cryptography launched QuProtect Post-Quantum Cryptography Cybersecurity Software in AWS Marketplace. The strategic maneuver represents a noteworthy achievement, not just for QuSecure but also for the overall Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) market.
  • On November 28, 2023, SpeQtral, a startup in Singapore specializing in quantum networks extended its quantum cryptography deal with Toshiba. The extended agreement comes in the wake of SpeQtral being chosen as a crucial partner for the implementation of Singapore's "National Quantum-Safe Networks.
  • On January 11, 2024, QuSecure, Inc., a leader in post-quantum cryptography (PQC) announced its QuProtect solution has been recognized as the leading Quantum Computing Solution in the CyberSecured Awards Program.

Why Purchase the Report?

  • To visualize the global quantum cryptography market segmentation based on component, type, security, organizational size, end-user and region, as well as understand key commercial assets and players.
  • Identify commercial opportunities by analyzing trends and co-development.
  • Excel data sheet with numerous data points of quantum cryptography market-level with all segments.
  • PDF report consists of a comprehensive analysis after exhaustive qualitative interviews and an in-depth study.
  • Product mapping available as excel consisting of key products of all the major players.

The global quantum cryptography market report would provide approximately 78 tables, 73 figures and 211 Pages.

Target Audience 2024

  • Manufacturers/ Buyers
  • Industry Investors/Investment Bankers
  • Research Professionals
  • Emerging Companies

Table of Contents

1. Methodology and Scope

  • 1.1. Research Methodology
  • 1.2. Research Objective and Scope of the Report

2. Definition and Overview

3. Executive Summary

  • 3.1. Snippet by Component
  • 3.2. Snippet by Type
  • 3.3. Snippet by Security
  • 3.4. Snippet by Organizational Size
  • 3.5. Snippet by End-User
  • 3.6. Snippet by Region

4. Dynamics

  • 4.1. Impacting Factors
    • 4.1.1. Drivers
      • 4.1.1.1. Rising Cyberattacks Globally
      • 4.1.1.2. Technological Advancements in the Quantum Cryptography
    • 4.1.2. Restraints
      • 4.1.2.1. The High Implementation Cost of the Quantum Cryptography
    • 4.1.3. Opportunity
    • 4.1.4. Impact Analysis

5. Industry Analysis

  • 5.1. Porter's Five Force Analysis
  • 5.2. Supply Chain Analysis
  • 5.3. Pricing Analysis
  • 5.4. Regulatory Analysis
  • 5.5. Russia-Ukraine War Impact Analysis
  • 5.6. DMI Opinion

6. COVID-19 Analysis

  • 6.1. Analysis of COVID-19
    • 6.1.1. Scenario Before COVID
    • 6.1.2. Scenario During COVID
    • 6.1.3. Scenario Post COVID
  • 6.2. Pricing Dynamics Amid COVID-19
  • 6.3. Demand-Supply Spectrum
  • 6.4. Government Initiatives Related to the Market During Pandemic
  • 6.5. Manufacturers Strategic Initiatives
  • 6.6. Conclusion

7. By Component

  • 7.1. Introduction
    • 7.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Component
    • 7.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Component
  • 7.2. Solution*
    • 7.2.1. Introduction
    • 7.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 7.3. Service

8. By Type

  • 8.1. Introduction
    • 8.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Type
    • 8.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Type
  • 8.2. Quantum Key Distribution*
    • 8.2.1. Introduction
    • 8.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 8.3. Quantum Random Number Generation
  • 8.4. Others

9. By Security

  • 9.1. Introduction
    • 9.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Security
    • 9.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Security
  • 9.2. Application Security*
    • 9.2.1. Introduction
    • 9.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 9.3. Network Security

10. By Organizational Size

  • 10.1. Introduction
    • 10.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Organizational Size
    • 10.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Organizational Size
  • 10.2. Small & Medium Enterprise*
    • 10.2.1. Introduction
    • 10.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 10.3. Large Enterprise

11. By End-User

  • 11.1. Introduction
    • 11.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
    • 11.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By End-User
  • 11.2. IT & Telecom*
    • 11.2.1. Introduction
    • 11.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 11.3. BFSI
  • 11.4. Healthcare and life science
  • 11.5. Automotive
  • 11.6. Retail
  • 11.7. Government & Defense
  • 11.8. Others

12. By Region

  • 12.1. Introduction
    • 12.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Region
    • 12.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Region
  • 12.2. North America
    • 12.2.1. Introduction
    • 12.2.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 12.2.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Component
    • 12.2.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Type
    • 12.2.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Security
    • 12.2.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Organizational Size
    • 12.2.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
    • 12.2.8. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 12.2.8.1. U.S.
      • 12.2.8.2. Canada
      • 12.2.8.3. Mexico
  • 12.3. Europe
    • 12.3.1. Introduction
    • 12.3.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 12.3.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Component
    • 12.3.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Type
    • 12.3.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Security
    • 12.3.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Organizational Size
    • 12.3.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
    • 12.3.8. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 12.3.8.1. Germany
      • 12.3.8.2. UK
      • 12.3.8.3. France
      • 12.3.8.4. Italy
      • 12.3.8.5. Spain
      • 12.3.8.6. Rest of Europe
  • 12.4. South America
    • 12.4.1. Introduction
    • 12.4.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 12.4.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Component
    • 12.4.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Type
    • 12.4.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Security
    • 12.4.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Organizational Size
    • 12.4.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
    • 12.4.8. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 12.4.8.1. Brazil
      • 12.4.8.2. Argentina
      • 12.4.8.3. Rest of South America
  • 12.5. Asia-Pacific
    • 12.5.1. Introduction
    • 12.5.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 12.5.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Component
    • 12.5.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Type
    • 12.5.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Security
    • 12.5.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Organizational Size
    • 12.5.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
    • 12.5.8. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 12.5.8.1. China
      • 12.5.8.2. India
      • 12.5.8.3. Japan
      • 12.5.8.4. Australia
      • 12.5.8.5. Rest of Asia-Pacific
  • 12.6. Middle East and Africa
    • 12.6.1. Introduction
    • 12.6.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 12.6.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Component
    • 12.6.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Type
    • 12.6.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Security
    • 12.6.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Organizational Size
    • 12.6.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User

13. Competitive Landscape

  • 13.1. Competitive Scenario
  • 13.2. Market Positioning/Share Analysis
  • 13.3. Mergers and Acquisitions Analysis

14. Company Profiles

  • 14.1. ID Quantique*
    • 14.1.1. Company Overview
    • 14.1.2. Product Portfolio and Description
    • 14.1.3. Financial Overview
    • 14.1.4. Key Developments
  • 14.2. QuintessenceLabs
  • 14.3. Toshiba
  • 14.4. QuantumCTek
  • 14.5. Magiq Technologies
  • 14.6. Crypta Labs
  • 14.7. Qasky
  • 14.8. Qubitekk
  • 14.9. ISARA
  • 14.10. Nucrypt

LIST NOT EXHAUSTIVE

15. Appendix

  • 15.1. About Us and Services
  • 15.2. Contact Us