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市场调查报告书
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1459351

全球群体机器人市场 - 2024-2031

Global Swarm Robotics Market - 2024-2031

出版日期: | 出版商: DataM Intelligence | 英文 208 Pages | 商品交期: 约2个工作天内

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简介目录

概述

全球群体机器人市场将于 2023 年达到 8 亿美元,预计到 2031 年将达到 69 亿美元,2024-2031 年预测期间复合CAGR为 31.1%。

感测器、人工智慧和机器人技术的不断进步推动了群体机器人的创新。当群体机器人系统配备自主导航、协作决策和即时资料处理等先进功能时,它们的功能会更好,用途也更大。各行业对自动化解决方案不断增长的需求推动了群体机器人的采用。企业利用群体机器人来提高製造、运输、仓库自动化、检查、维护和监控等领域的成本效益、生产力和营运效率。

主要参与者不断增长的创新有助于推动预测期内的市场成长。例如,2022年6月14日,推出的BLR Mk 2无人技术证实该系统是由特拉维夫BL先进地面支援系统有限公司生产的无人地面车辆(UGV)。国防部战车和装甲运兵车管理局製造了30 公釐自主炮塔。产业官员声称,自主套件可以识别并计算射程,确定目标的优先级,并选择在交战中使用哪些武器。

由于酒店业越来越多地采用群体机器人,北美成为市场的主导地区。例如,2023 年 2 月 3 日,领先的创新机器人供应商 TAILOS 推出了 TAILOS Swarm。借助这项最先进的技术,多个机器人可以独立运行,并在更短的时间内清洁大面积区域,在深度清洁脏污表面方面提供了前所未有的效率水平。随着越来越多的美国饭店开始使用 TAILOS Swarm,他们的清洁标准正在上升到前所未有的高度。

动力学

机器人和人工智慧的进步

由于机器人技术和人工智慧的进步,群体机器人能够自行处理复杂和动态的情况。由于改进了路径规划、避障、定位和绘图演算法,机器人的操作更加有效和安全。这使得机器人能够在各种环境下执行活动,包括仓库、户外、灾区和工业设施。由人工智慧驱动的群体机器人系统可实现协作机器人决策。

基于机器学习、强化学习和分散式智慧的群体演算法使机器人能够即时共享资讯、协调行动、分配任务并适应不断变化的条件。协作方法提高了任务效率、资源利用率和整体系统效能。人工智慧是军事决策的关键组成部分。透过机器学习演算法进行大规模资料分析,帮助领导者即时做出决策。人工智慧驱动的模拟也增加了军事人员的训练场景。

基于 Swarn 的无人机在军事中的采用越来越多

基于集群的无人机提高了军事应用的运作效率。它可以比单架无人机更有效地执行协调任务,例如侦察、监视、目标侦测和情报收集。群体无人机覆盖更大区域、即时协作和适应动态情况的能力提高了军队的任务成功率和作战成果。集群无人机具有可扩展性和灵活性,允许军事单位根据任务要求部署不同规模的集群。可扩展性支援快速反应、任务客製化和自适应策略,以应对不同的作战场景,包括搜救任务、週边安全、战场监控和态势感知。

印度军队也采用群体机器人进行行动。例如,2022年8月26日,Swarm无人机被发射到印度陆军机械化部队。印度陆军正在将集群无人机系统整合到其机械化士兵中,该系统配备了使用人工智慧检测目标的先进软体。群体无人机是由单一站点管理的无人机组,并透过程式设计执行各种活动,包括使用演算法进行监视。

开发成本高

群体机器人系统的开发需要大量的研发投资。其中包括创建群体演算法、测试模拟和实际环境、创建机器人并对其进行原型设计、改进软体介面以及最大化硬体组件。研发成本高昂是由于招募合格的工程师、技术人员和研究人员以及购买专门的硬体和软体所花费的费用。为了使群体机器人系统达到所需的性能、可扩展性和可靠性,经常需要多次迭代。每次迭代都会产生与重新设计组件、进行测试和验证、解决技术挑战以及纳入试验回馈相关的成本。

群体机器人需要专门为群体操作量身定制的硬体、感测器、执行器、通讯模组和电源系统。由于其先进的功能,例如群体通讯协定、定位精度、障碍物检测和协作行为,这些组件通常比传统机器人技术中使用的组件更昂贵。采购和整合这些组件会增加开发成本。验证群体机器人演算法和行为需要在不同的环境中进行模拟和测试,包括虚拟模拟、受控环境和现场试验。创建真实的模拟模型、建立测试基础设施、进行实验、收集资料和分析结果需要财务资源和营运费用,从而增加整体开发成本。

目录

目录

第 1 章:方法与范围

  • 研究方法论
  • 报告的研究目的和范围

第 2 章:定义与概述

第 3 章:执行摘要

  • 按平台分類的片段
  • 按应用程式片段
  • 最终使用者的片段
  • 按地区分類的片段

第 4 章:动力学

  • 影响因素
    • 司机
      • 机器人和人工智慧的进步
      • 基于 Swarn 的无人机在军事中的采用越来越多
    • 限制
      • 开发成本高
    • 机会
    • 影响分析

第 5 章:产业分析

  • 波特五力分析
  • 供应链分析
  • 定价分析
  • 监管分析
  • 俄乌战争影响分析
  • DMI 意见

第 6 章:COVID-19 分析

  • COVID-19 分析
    • 新冠疫情爆发前的情景
    • 新冠疫情期间的情景
    • 新冠疫情后的情景
  • COVID-19 期间的定价动态
  • 供需谱
  • 疫情期间政府与市场相关的倡议
  • 製造商策略倡议
  • 结论

第 7 章:按平台

  • 无人地面车辆 (UGV)
  • 无人机 (UAV)
  • 其他的

第 8 章:按申请

  • 安全、检查和监控
  • 测绘与测量
  • 搜救、救灾
  • 供应炼和仓库管理
  • 其他的

第 9 章:最终用户

  • 军事与国防
  • 工业的
  • 农业
  • 卫生保健
  • 其他的

第 10 章:按地区

  • 北美洲
    • 我们
    • 加拿大
    • 墨西哥
  • 欧洲
    • 德国
    • 英国
    • 法国
    • 义大利
    • 西班牙
    • 欧洲其他地区
  • 南美洲
    • 巴西
    • 阿根廷
    • 南美洲其他地区
  • 亚太
    • 中国
    • 印度
    • 日本
    • 澳洲
    • 亚太其他地区
  • 中东和非洲

第 11 章:竞争格局

  • 竞争场景
  • 市场定位/份额分析
  • 併购分析

第 12 章:公司简介

  • Hydromea SA
    • 公司简介
    • 产品组合和描述
    • 财务概览
    • 主要进展
  • Unboxrobotics Labs Private Limited
  • SwarmFarm Robotics
  • Rolls-Royce plc
  • Epson America, Inc.
  • Berkeley Marine Robotics Inc.
  • Swisslog Holding AG
  • FARobot, Inc.
  • AGILOX Services GmbH
  • KION GROUP AG

第 13 章:附录

简介目录
Product Code: ICT8306

Overview

Global Swarm Robotics Market reached US$ 0.8 Billion in 2023 and is expected to reach US$ 6.9 Billion by 2031, growing with a CAGR of 31.1% during the forecast period 2024-2031.

Swarm robotics innovation is being driven by continuous advancements in sensors, AI and robotics technology. When swarm robot systems are equipped with advanced features like autonomous navigation, cooperative decision-making and real-time data processing, they function better and have greater uses. Swarm robotics adoption is driven by a growing demand for automation solutions across sectors. Swarm robots are utilized by businesses to increase cost-effectiveness, productivity and operational efficiency in areas including manufacturing, shipping, warehouse automation, inspection, maintenance and surveillance.

Growing innovations by the major key players help to boost market growth over the forecast period. For instance, on June 14, 2022, BLR Mk 2 unmanned technology launched confirmed that the system is an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) produced by Tel Aviv-based BL Advanced Ground Support Systems Ltd. The Tank and APC Directorate of the Ministry of Defense created the 30 mm autonomous turret. Industry officials claim that the autonomous kit acknowledges and calculates the range, prioritizes targets and chooses which weapons to use in an engagement.

North America is the dominating region in the market due to the growing adoption of swarm robots in the hotel industry. For instance, on February 03, 2023, TAILOS, the leading provider of innovative robotics launched the TAILOS Swarm. With the help of this state-of-the-art technology, several robots function independently and clean huge areas in a much shorter amount of time, providing previously unheard-of levels of efficiency in deep cleaning soiled surfaces. As more US hotels start utilizing TAILOS Swarm, their cleanliness standards are rising to unprecedented heights.

Dynamics

Advancements in Robotics and AI

Swarm robots are capable of handling complicated and dynamic situations on their own because of advancements in robotics and artificial intelligence. The robots operate more effectively and securely due to improved algorithms for path planning, obstacle avoidance, localization and mapping. The allows the robots to execute activities in a variety of contexts, including warehouses, outdoors, disaster areas and industrial facilities. Swarm robotics systems powered by AI enable cooperative robot decision-making.

Swarm algorithms based on machine learning, reinforcement learning and distributed intelligence enable robots to share information, coordinate actions, allocate tasks and adapt to changing conditions in real-time. The collaborative approach improves task efficiency, resource utilization and overall system performance. Artificial Intelligence is a critical component in military decision-making. Large-scale data analysis is performed by machine learning algorithms, which assist leaders in making decisions instantly. AI-powered simulations also add to military personnel's training scenarios.

Growing Adoption of the Swarn-Based Drones in Military

Swarm-based drones offer enhanced operational efficiency for military applications. It can perform coordinated missions, such as reconnaissance, surveillance, target detection and intelligence gathering, more effectively than individual drones. The ability of swarm drones to cover larger areas, collaborate in real-time and adapt to dynamic situations improves mission success rates and operational outcomes for military forces. Swarm drones are scalable and flexible, allowing military units to deploy varying swarm sizes based on mission requirements. The scalability enables rapid response, mission customization and adaptive strategies to address diverse operational scenarios, including search and rescue missions, perimeter security, battlefield monitoring and situational awareness.

Indian army also adopts swarm robots for their operations. For instance, on August 26, 2022, Swarm drones were launched into the mechanized forces of the Indian Army. The Indian Army is integrating the swarm drone system, which comes with advanced software that uses artificial intelligence to detect targets, into its mechanized soldiers. Swarm drones are groups of drones that are managed from a single station and programmed to perform a variety of activities, including surveillance, using an algorithm.

High Development Costs

Swarm robotics system development requires a large investment in research and development. The includes creating swarm algorithms, testing both simulated and actual environments, creating and prototyping robots, improving software interfaces and maximizing hardware components. The high costs of R&D are a result of the spending involved in recruiting qualified engineers, technicians and researchers as well as purchasing specialized hardware and software. For swarm robotics systems to reach the required performance, scalability and reliability, several iterations are frequently required. Each iteration incurs costs related to redesigning components, conducting testing and validation, addressing technical challenges and incorporating feedback from trials.

Swarm robots require specialized hardware, sensors, actuators, communication modules and power systems tailored for swarm operations. The components are often more expensive than those used in traditional robotics due to their advanced functionalities, such as swarm communication protocols, localization accuracy, obstacle detection and collaborative behaviors. Procuring and integrating these components add to the development costs. Validating swarm robotics algorithms and behaviors necessitates simulation and testing in diverse environments, including virtual simulations, controlled environments and field trials. Creating realistic simulation models, setting up testing infrastructures, conducting experiments, collecting data and analyzing results entail financial resources and operational expenses, contributing to overall development costs.

Segment Analysis

The global swarm robotics market is segmented based on platform, application, end-user and region.

Growing Adoption of Swarm Robotics in Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGV) Platform

Based on the platform, the swarm robotics market is segmented into unmanned ground vehicles (UGV), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and others.

Unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) platform segment by platform accounted largest market share in the swarm robotics market due to its growing adoption. UGVs are suitable for a wide range of applications due to their adaptability and versatility in a variety of settings and terrains. Its adeptness in maneuvering over a variety of terrains, even challenging and dangerous ones, renders them invaluable resources in industries including agriculture, construction logistics and defense.

The growing product launches by the major key players help to boost segment growth over the forecast period. For instance, on May 24, 2021, Havelsan's unmanned ground vehicle (UGV), a Turkish defense company planned to launch a digital troop concept that plays a major role in robotics operations with an unmanned platform. The business must make sure it includes the swarm algorithms it has created into platforms made by different manufacturers to do this.

Geographical Penetration

North America is Dominating the Swarm Robotics Market

North America is equipped with research centers and technology infrastructure. Leading robotics companies, research centers and technological hubs can be found in the area, which fosters creativity, R&D endeavors and the development of swarm robotics technologies. Major regional players make large investments in R&D projects, which promote creativity and advances in robotics and automation technology.

Government funding, academic partnerships and private sector investments support the development of swarm robotics solutions, algorithms and applications across various industries. The growing technological advancements in the region help to boost regional market growth over the forecast period. For instance, on March 06, 2023, SwarmFarm, launched its SwarmBot technology in North America. An AUD 12 million Series A (US$ 8.3 million) has been raised by SwarmFarm Robotics. Emmertech, an agricultural technology fund from Conexus Venture Capital, a Canadian corporation, led the company's fundraising round. Access Capital and Tribe Global Ventures were added as well to the capital.

Competitive Landscape

The major global players in the market include Hydromea SA, Unboxrobotics Labs Private Limited, SwarmFarm Robotics, Rolls-Royce plc, Epson America, Inc., Berkeley Marine Robotics Inc., Swisslog Holding AG, FARobot, Inc., AGILOX Services GmbH and KION GROUP AG.

COVID-19 Impact Analysis

The globally pandemic has caused a rise in the use of robots in several businesses. Swarm robots are growing increasingly prevalent in a variety of industries, including manufacturing, transportation and healthcare, where little human interaction and social distance are needed. During the pandemic, swarm robots witnessed an upsurge in utilization in medical contexts. Robots have been employed for disinfection, patient monitoring and delivery of medical supplies and equipment. The epidemic brought to light the importance of robots solving problems in healthcare and enhancing patient care.

Swarm robotics technologies were leveraged to support remote workforce operations. Robotic systems assisted in tasks that required physical presence but were risky or impractical for humans during lockdowns or travel restrictions. Robots were employed in a remote facility and infrastructure monitoring, maintenance and inspection activities. Swarm robot systems have been used by warehouses, distribution centers and logistics networks to improve productivity, ease operations and reduce disruptions caused by labor shortages or logistical challenges.

Russia-Ukraine War Impact Analysis

Geopolitical problems affect the manufacturing and availability of technology and components required for the Swarm Robotics industry, as well as international supply chains. Disruptions in the supply chain create delays in the production and launch of new products. The market demand for Swarm Robotics solutions and investment decisions are impacted by consumers' and investors' cautious attitudes. International markets are impacted by swings in trade regulations and currency exchange rates, which are also caused by uncertainty.

Governments and industries involved in geopolitical conflicts may prioritize resources, funding and research efforts toward defense, security and strategic sectors rather than emerging technologies like Swarm Robotics. The reallocation of resources can impact innovation, R&D initiatives and public-private partnerships in the robotics and technology sectors. Geopolitical events can influence regional market dynamics and business environments. Regions directly affected by conflicts may experience disruptions in business operations, trade restrictions, regulatory changes and geopolitical risks that affect market participation, investments and market growth for Swarm Robotics and related technologies.

By Platform

  • Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGV)
  • Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)
  • Others

By Application

  • Security, Inspection & Monitoring
  • Mapping & Surveying
  • Search, Rescue & Disaster Relief
  • Supply Chain & Warehouse Management
  • Others

By End-User

  • Military & Defense
  • Industrial
  • Agriculture
  • Healthcare
  • Others

By Region

  • North America
    • U.S.
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • Germany
    • UK
    • France
    • Italy
    • Spain
    • Rest of Europe
  • South America
    • Brazil
    • Argentina
    • Rest of South America
  • Asia-Pacific
    • China
    • India
    • Japan
    • Australia
    • Rest of Asia-Pacific
  • Middle East and Africa

Key Developments

  • On January 04, 2024, H2 Clipper developed an advanced swarm robotics breakthrough for large-scale airship manufacturing. The company launched green Clipper airships that cruise typically at 150mph powered by hydrogen using fuel cells to create propulsion and using hydrogen as the lifting gas.
  • On August 24, 2022, FARobot, the strategic joint venture by ADLINK Technology Inc and Hon Hai Technology Group launched its swarm autonomy solution at the Automation Taipei exhibition which is the world's first robotic management platform with cross-brand integrability across IT, OT systems, IoT devices and factory equipment.
  • On November 30, 2022, Toshiba, launched world-first real-time control of a mobile robot swarm using local 5g and radio maps. To save per-robot costs and power consumption, the robot itself focuses on transportation operations while the functions related to its "brain" are centralized on the server side.

Why Purchase the Report?

  • To visualize the global swarm robotics market segmentation based on platform, application, end-user and region, as well as understand key commercial assets and players.
  • Identify commercial opportunities by analyzing trends and co-development.
  • Excel data sheet with numerous data points of swarm robotics market-level with all segments.
  • PDF report consists of a comprehensive analysis after exhaustive qualitative interviews and an in-depth study.
  • Product mapping available as excel consisting of key products of all the major players.

The global swarm robotics market report would provide approximately 62 tables, 56 figures and 206 Pages.

Target Audience 2024

  • Manufacturers/ Buyers
  • Industry Investors/Investment Bankers
  • Research Professionals
  • Emerging Companies

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

1.Methodology and Scope

  • 1.1.Research Methodology
  • 1.2.Research Objective and Scope of the Report

2.Definition and Overview

3.Executive Summary

  • 3.1.Snippet by Platform
  • 3.2.Snippet by Application
  • 3.3.Snippet by End-User
  • 3.4.Snippet by Region

4.Dynamics

  • 4.1.Impacting Factors
    • 4.1.1.Drivers
      • 4.1.1.1.Advancements in Robotics and AI
      • 4.1.1.2.Growing Adoption of the Swarn-Based Drones in Military
    • 4.1.2.Restraints
      • 4.1.2.1.High Development Costs
    • 4.1.3.Opportunity
    • 4.1.4.Impact Analysis

5.Industry Analysis

  • 5.1.Porter's Five Force Analysis
  • 5.2.Supply Chain Analysis
  • 5.3.Pricing Analysis
  • 5.4.Regulatory Analysis
  • 5.5.Russia-Ukraine War Impact Analysis
  • 5.6.DMI Opinion

6.COVID-19 Analysis

  • 6.1.Analysis of COVID-19
    • 6.1.1.Scenario Before COVID
    • 6.1.2.Scenario During COVID
    • 6.1.3.Scenario Post COVID
  • 6.2.Pricing Dynamics Amid COVID-19
  • 6.3.Demand-Supply Spectrum
  • 6.4.Government Initiatives Related to the Market During Pandemic
  • 6.5.Manufacturers Strategic Initiatives
  • 6.6.Conclusion

7.By Platform

  • 7.1.Introduction
    • 7.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Platform
    • 7.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Platform
  • 7.2.Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGV)*
    • 7.2.1.Introduction
    • 7.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 7.3.Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)
  • 7.4.Others

8.By Application

  • 8.1.Introduction
    • 8.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
    • 8.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Application
  • 8.2.Security, Inspection & Monitoring *
    • 8.2.1.Introduction
    • 8.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 8.3.Mapping & Surveying
  • 8.4.Search, Rescue & Disaster Relief
  • 8.5.Supply Chain & Warehouse Management
  • 8.6.Others

9.By End-User

  • 9.1.Introduction
    • 9.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
    • 9.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By End-User
  • 9.2.Military & Defense*
    • 9.2.1.Introduction
    • 9.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 9.3.Industrial
  • 9.4.Agriculture
  • 9.5.Healthcare
  • 9.6.Others

10.By Region

  • 10.1.Introduction
    • 10.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Region
    • 10.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Region
  • 10.2.North America
    • 10.2.1.Introduction
    • 10.2.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 10.2.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Platform
    • 10.2.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
    • 10.2.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
    • 10.2.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 10.2.6.1.U.S.
      • 10.2.6.2.Canada
      • 10.2.6.3.Mexico
  • 10.3.Europe
    • 10.3.1.Introduction
    • 10.3.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 10.3.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Platform
    • 10.3.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
    • 10.3.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
    • 10.3.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 10.3.6.1.Germany
      • 10.3.6.2.UK
      • 10.3.6.3.France
      • 10.3.6.4.Italy
      • 10.3.6.5.Spain
      • 10.3.6.6.Rest of Europe
  • 10.4.South America
    • 10.4.1.Introduction
    • 10.4.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 10.4.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Platform
    • 10.4.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
    • 10.4.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
    • 10.4.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 10.4.6.1.Brazil
      • 10.4.6.2.Argentina
      • 10.4.6.3.Rest of South America
  • 10.5.Asia-Pacific
    • 10.5.1.Introduction
    • 10.5.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 10.5.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Platform
    • 10.5.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
    • 10.5.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
    • 10.5.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 10.5.6.1.China
      • 10.5.6.2.India
      • 10.5.6.3.Japan
      • 10.5.6.4.Australia
      • 10.5.6.5.Rest of Asia-Pacific
  • 10.6.Middle East and Africa
    • 10.6.1.Introduction
    • 10.6.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 10.6.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Platform
    • 10.6.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
    • 10.6.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User

11.Competitive Landscape

  • 11.1.Competitive Scenario
  • 11.2.Market Positioning/Share Analysis
  • 11.3.Mergers and Acquisitions Analysis

12.Company Profiles

  • 12.1.Hydromea SA*
    • 12.1.1.Company Overview
    • 12.1.2.Product Portfolio and Description
    • 12.1.3.Financial Overview
    • 12.1.4.Key Developments
  • 12.2.Unboxrobotics Labs Private Limited
  • 12.3.SwarmFarm Robotics
  • 12.4.Rolls-Royce plc
  • 12.5.Epson America, Inc.
  • 12.6.Berkeley Marine Robotics Inc.
  • 12.7.Swisslog Holding AG
  • 12.8.FARobot, Inc.
  • 12.9.AGILOX Services GmbH
  • 12.10.KION GROUP AG
  • 12.11.

LIST NOT EXHAUSTIVE

13.Appendix

  • 13.1.About Us and Services
  • 13.2.Contact Us