首页 > 市场调查报告书 > 消费品

健康美容化妆品

市场调查报告书

商品编码

1634191

全球护肤仪器市场 - 2025 - 2033

Global Skincare Devices Market - 2025 - 2033

出版日期: 2025年01月13日 | 出版商:

DataM Intelligence | 英文 176 Pages | 商品交期: 最快1-2个工作天内

价格

※ 本网页内容可能与最新版本有所差异。详细情况请与我们联繫。

简介目录

2024年，全球保养品市场规模达到1,65亿美元，预估至2033年将达473.2亿美元，2025-2033年预测期间复合年增长率为13.1%。

护肤设备是指旨在改善皮肤健康和外观的电子工具或小工具。这些设备利用各种技术来解决一系列护肤问题，为使用者提供比传统护肤方法更先进且通常更有效的解决方案。护肤仪可与护肤品搭配使用，以增强其吸收和整体功效。消费者对护肤的了解越来越多，并正在寻求先进的解决方案来解决他们的特定问题。这种意识推动了对具有针对性和有效效果的护肤设备的需求。专为家庭使用而设计的设备越来越受欢迎，为喜欢独立管理日常护肤的消费者提供了便利。家用设备通常为专业治疗提供方便且经济的替代方案。

对护肤设备的需求不断增长是预测期内推动市场的驱动因素。不断增长的技术进步及其在最近推出的产品中的应用使得护肤程序易于进行，并增加了对护肤设备的需求。例如，2023 年6 月，皮肤癌远距皮肤病学和诊断公司DeepX Diagnostics 的数位皮肤镜DermoSight 获得美国食品和药物管理局(FDA) 的许可，用于在美国对可疑皮肤癌病变进行远端皮肤病学筛检。 DermoSight 目前已获准获取皮肤病变影像以进行远端皮肤病学评估，就像现有的数位皮肤镜一样。它还设计用于与人工智慧演算法集成，并由专有的光学传输诊断 (OTD) 技术提供支援。

市场动态：

驱动程式和限制

保养品需求不断增加

对护肤设备的需求不断增长预计将成为全球护肤设备市场成长的重要因素。全球护肤设备市场预计将大幅扩张，这主要是由于皮肤疾病和皮肤状况的患病率不断上升、人们对护肤的认识不断提高、技术进步、最近的产品发布和批准以及战略合作伙伴关係。痤疮、湿疹和牛皮癣等皮肤相关疾病的数量不断增加是这项需求的主要驱动力。全球有数百万人受到影响，迫切需要在家中提供有效的治疗。光疗机和微晶磨皮工具等护肤产品为这些需求提供了非侵入性解决方案。

皮肤病和皮肤状况的盛行率不断上升，影响了皮肤状况，这增加了对皮肤治疗的需求，并增加了对护肤设备的需求。例如，据世界卫生组织称，总体而言，皮肤病预计在任何时候都会影响 18 亿人。皮肤感染可以是细菌、病毒、真菌或寄生虫，是热带和资源匮乏环境中最常见的疾病原因。在大多数国家，皮肤 NTD 约占所有皮肤病的 10%。

技术进步也为该市场的成长做出了重大贡献。製造商正在将人工智慧 (AI) 和扩增实境 (AR) 等革命性技术融入他们的产品中。这些技术提供了个人化的护肤解决方案，可针对特定的皮肤类型和问题量身定制，从而提高治疗效果。例如，人工智慧设备可以即时检测皮肤问题并提供个人化的治疗方案，从而对寻求个人化护理的消费者更具吸引力。

例如，2023 年 7 月，人工智慧 (AI) 和扩增实境 (AR) 时尚与美容技术解决方案的领先供应商 Perfect Corp. 宣布推出新的人工智慧驱动的皮肤类型检测技术。新颖的皮肤技术可立即分析多达 14 种不同的护肤问题，将使用者的皮肤类型精确分类为正常、油性、干性、敏感性或混合性。分析的速度和品质有助于提供更个人化和便捷的方法，让消费者在护肤之旅中更加主动。

与设备使用相关的副作用

与设备使用相关的副作用等因素预计将阻碍全球护肤设备市场。随着顾客越来越依赖创新的护肤技术，不良反应的风险可能会阻碍使用者并阻碍市场扩张。其中一个主要担忧是护肤产品和技术可能引起的各种皮肤不良反应。常见问题包括搔痒、红肿等，影响大量使用者。此外，设备使用不当，尤其是家庭治疗，会增加额外的危险。如果使用不当，雷射和微针仪器等设备可能会导致灾难性的皮肤损伤。使用不当可能会导致表皮烧伤或感染，需要专业护理。

Skincare devices refer to electronic tools or gadgets designed to improve the health and appearance of the skin. These devices leverage various technologies to address a range of skincare concerns, providing users with advanced and often more effective solutions than traditional skincare methods alone. Skincare devices can be used in conjunction with skincare products to enhance their absorption and overall efficacy. Consumers are becoming more educated about skincare and are seeking advanced solutions to address their specific concerns. This awareness drives the demand for skincare devices that offer targeted and effective results. The popularity of devices designed for home use is increasing, offering convenience to consumers who prefer to manage their skincare routines independently. Home-use devices often provide accessible and affordable alternatives to professional treatments.

The increasing demand for skincare devices is the driving factor that drives the market over the forecast period. The increasing technological advancements and their applications in the recently launched products make skincare procedures easy to conduct and increase the demand for skincare devices. For instance, in June 2023, DeepX Diagnostics, the skin cancer teledermatology and diagnostics company, received clearance from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for its digital dermatoscopy DermoSight for teledermatology screening of suspect skin cancer lesions in the United States. DermoSight is currently cleared to acquire skin lesion images for teledermatology assessment, like existing digital dermatoscopes. It is also designed for integration with an AI algorithm, empowered by proprietary optical transfer diagnosis (OTD) technology.

Market Dynamics: Drivers & Restraints

Increasing demand for skincare devices

The increasing demand for skincare devices is expected to be a significant factor in the growth of the global skincare devices market. The global skincare devices market is poised for significant expansion, owing mostly to the rising prevalence of skin diseases and skin conditions, increasing awareness regarding skincare, technological advancements, recent product launches and approvals, and strategic partnerships. The increasing number of skin-related conditions like acne, eczema, and psoriasis is a major driver of this demand. With millions affected across the globe, there is an immediate demand for efficient treatments that may be provided at home. Skincare products such as light therapy machines and microdermabrasion tools provide non-invasive solutions to these needs.

The rising prevalence of skin diseases and skin conditions affects the skin condition and this increases the demand for skin treatments and upsurges the demand for skincare devices. For instance, according to the World Health Organization, overall, skin disorders are predicted to impact 1.8 billion people at any point in time. Skin infections, which can be bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic in nature, are the most common cause of disease in tropical and resource-poor environments. In the majority of nations, skin NTDs account for approximately 10% of all skin diseases.

Technological advancements are also contributing significantly to the growth of this market. Manufacturers are incorporating revolutionary technology like artificial intelligence (AI) and augmented reality (AR) into their goods. These technologies provide individualized skincare solutions that may be tailored to specific skin types and issues, increasing treatment efficacy. For example, AI-powered devices may detect skin issues in real-time and offer individualized treatment regimens, making them more enticing to consumers looking for personalized care.

For instance, in July 2023, Perfect Corp., the leading provider of artificial intelligence (AI) and augmented reality (AR) fashion and beauty tech solutions, announced the launch of new AI-powered Skin Type Detection technology. The novel skin technology immediately analyzes up to 14 different skincare problems to precisely classify the user's skin type as normal, oily, dry, sensitive, or combination. The speed and quality of the analysis contribute to a more personalized and convenient method for consumers to be more proactive in their skincare journey.

Side effects associated with the usage of devices

Factors such as side effects associated with the usage of devices are expected to hamper the global skincare devices market. As customers increasingly depend on innovative skincare technologies, the risk of adverse reactions may discourage users and hamper market expansion. One major worry is the variety of adverse cutaneous reactions that can arise with skincare products and technology. Common problems include itching, redness, and swelling, which affect a large number of users. Furthermore, improper utilization of equipment, particularly at-home treatments, increases additional hazards. When used erroneously, devices like lasers and microneedling instruments can cause catastrophic skin damage. The inappropriate use might cause epidermal burns or infections that require professional care.

Segment Analysis

The global skincare devices market is segmented based on diagnostic devices, treatment devices, application, end-user, and region.

Hair removal segment is expected to dominate the global skincare devices market share

The hair removal segment is anticipated to dominate the global skincare devices market owing to increasing demand for hair removal, rising awareness and acceptance of personal grooming practices among both men and women, technological advancements, recent product launches, and approvals. With changing societal norms and a greater emphasis on appearances, customers are increasingly choosing long-term hair removal options over traditional methods such as shaving or waxing. Laser hair removal systems and Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) devices provide a more permanent treatment, appealing to consumers who value efficiency and convenience. These technologies not only produce great results, but they also reduce the discomfort commonly associated with traditional hair removal treatments, making them a better option for consumers.

The success of laser hair removal is primarily due to a process known as selective photothermolysis. This technique involves the selective absorption of laser light by melanin, which is found in larger concentrations in darker hair than in lighter hair hues. Technological improvements have substantially improved the efficacy and safety of hair removal technologies, adding to their appeal. The latest technologies are developed with features that accommodate different skin types and hair hues, providing inclusion and usability.

For instance, in March 2024, Alma, a Sisram Medical company and a global leader in energy-based medical and cosmetic products, announced the release of a new edition of Soprano Titanium that allows for faster and more efficient hair removal sessions. Soprano Titanium Special Edition, which is driven by a cloud-based business tool, gives practitioners access to real-time data and analytics from anywhere, allowing them to get useful insights into system performance, treatment efficiency, ROI, and other metrics to optimize clinic performance.

Geographical Analysis

North America is expected to hold a significant position in the global skincare devices market share

North America will likely account for a significant share of the global skincare devices market, owing to its well-established healthcare infrastructure, increasing geriatric population, increasing number of skin diseases, increasing awareness of skincare procedures among people, technological advancements and recent product launches, and approvals.

The aging population is growing more conscious of the value of skincare and personal grooming, creating a greater need for effective skincare equipment tailored precisely to their needs. The older population frequently encounters a variety of skin-related concerns, including wrinkles, sagging skin, and age spots, requiring efficient treatment solutions. Skincare gadgets designed for anti-aging purposes, such as laser treatments, microdermabrasion machines, and LED light therapy devices, are especially compelling to older persons looking for non-invasive ways to improve their skin appearance.

For instance, centenarians currently make up just 0.03% of the overall U.S. population, and they are expected to reach 0.1% in 2054. The U.S. population overall is expected to trend older in the coming decades as life expectancies increase and the birth rate declines. There are currently roughly 62 million adults ages 65 and older living in the U.S., accounting for 18% of the population. By 2054, 84 million adults ages 65 and older will make up an estimated 23% of the population. Even as the 65-and-older population continues to grow over the next 30 years, those in their 100s are projected to roughly double as a percentage of that age group, increasing from 0.2% of all older Americans in 2024 to 0.5% in 2054.

Furthermore, advances in laser technology and light therapy have transformed hair removal and anti-aging procedures. Modern laser systems are now safer and more effective, able to treat a broader range of skin types with minimal discomfort or downtime. This has resulted in growing popularity among consumers looking for non-invasive treatments for skin rejuvenation and hair removal. The flexibility to execute these treatments at home adds to their popularity, as people may achieve professional-level results without having to visit the salon on a regular basis. For instance, in January 2023, Reveal Lasers LLC announced the launch of the AlloraPro Laser Workstation, a state-of-the-art device designed for permanent hair reduction and skin rejuvenation treatments. The device's intuitive user interface has color-coded screens based on the active wavelength, allowing professionals to customize treatments for each patient.

Asia Pacific is growing at the fastest pace in the global skincare devices market

The Asia Pacific region is emerging as the fastest-growing market for skincare devices, owing to a combination of demographic trends, increased skin-related disorders, recent launches, and technological advancements. One of the primary factors driving this expansion is the rising prevalence of skin and hair disorders in the region. As urbanization accelerates and lifestyles shift, more people are experiencing acne, pigmentation, hair loss, and other skin-related disorders. This has increased the demand for effective skincare gadgets that may address these prevalent ailments without requiring intrusive procedures. The increased awareness of skin health and appearance has led customers to seek out modern technology such as LED therapy devices, microdermabrasion tools, and laser hair removal systems, which are thought to be more successful than previous procedures.

For instance, according to the Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, Years lived with disability due to skin and subcutaneous diseases accounted for 4.02% of the total years lived with disability in India. There was an increase of 53.7% in all age-standardised years lived with disability. Among skin and subcutaneous diseases, dermatitis contributed maximum years lived with disability (1.40 million; 95% uncertainty interval, 0.82-2.21) in 2017, followed by urticaria (1.02 million; 95% uncertainty interval, 0.06-1.44) with percentage increases of 48.9% and 45.7% respectively.

There are recent launches that use recent and latest technology and it drives the market. For instance, in October 2024, Skinnovation Private Limited launched two novel devices, Meta Cell Technology (MCT) and Mirapeel. These two devices, which promote radiant skin and help Indians deal with sagging skin, fine wrinkles, dullness, acne scars, and overall texture enhancement, are thought to be more successful than traditional approaches.

Competitive Landscape

The major global players in the global skincare devices market include Alma Lasers, Cynosure Lutronic, Solta Medical, Cutera, Inc., Candela Corporation, Canfield Scientific, Inc., Aesthetic Group, LUSTRE, Image Dermatology, and Fotona among others.

Emerging Players

Youthier, Biotix, and OneSkin among others.

Key Developments

In September 2023, Cutera, Inc. a global leader in aesthetic and dermatology solutions, announced the launch of Secret DUO, an innovative skin resurfacing and revitalization platform that utilizes dual non-ablative fractional technologies. Each modality can be used individually or in combination to target a wide range of aesthetic indications. It is Optimized to treat varying layers of the skin; the Secret DUO is equipped with a radio frequency microneedling (RFMN) handpiece along with a fractional non-ablative 1540 nm erbium glass laser. The unique pairing of these modalities allows practitioners to provide fully customizable solutions for fine lines, texture, pigment, stretch marks, and scars.
In February 2024, Nu Skin Enterprises, a global leader in beauty and wellbeing, launched Nu Skin RenuSpa iO, a smart beauty and wellness device that stimulates the skin to enhance overall wellness and body confidence. RenuSpa iO is an FDA-approved microcurrent body device and the most recent innovation from the world's best-selling brand in beauty device systems.

Key Developments

In September 2023, Cutera, Inc. a global leader in aesthetic and dermatology solutions, announced the launch of Secret DUO, an innovative skin resurfacing and revitalization platform that utilizes dual non-ablative fractional technologies. Each modality can be used individually or in combination to target a wide range of aesthetic indications. It is Optimized to treat varying layers of the skin; the Secret DUO is equipped with a radio frequency microneedling (RFMN) handpiece along with a fractional non-ablative 1540 nm erbium glass laser. The unique pairing of these modalities allows practitioners to provide fully customizable solutions for fine lines, texture, pigment, stretch marks, and scars.
In February 2024, Nu Skin Enterprises, a global leader in beauty and wellbeing, launched Nu Skin RenuSpa iO, a smart beauty and wellness device that stimulates the skin to enhance overall wellness and body confidence. RenuSpa iO is an FDA-approved microcurrent body device and the most recent innovation from the world's best-selling brand in beauty device systems.

Why Purchase the Report?

Pipeline & Innovations: Reviews ongoing clinical trials, product pipelines, and forecasts upcoming advancements in medical devices and pharmaceuticals.
Product Performance & Market Positioning: Analyzes product performance, market positioning, and growth potential to optimize strategies.
Real-World Evidence: Integrates patient feedback and data into product development for improved outcomes.
Physician Preferences & Health System Impact: Examines healthcare provider behaviors and the impact of health system mergers on adoption strategies.
Market Updates & Industry Changes: Covers recent regulatory changes, new policies, and emerging technologies.
Competitive Strategies: Analyzes competitor strategies, market share, and emerging players.
Pricing & Market Access: Reviews pricing models, reimbursement trends, and market access strategies.
Market Entry & Expansion: Identifies optimal strategies for entering new markets and partnerships.
Regional Growth & Investment: Highlights high-growth regions and investment opportunities.
Supply Chain Optimization: Assesses supply chain risks and distribution strategies for efficient product delivery.
Sustainability & Regulatory Impact: Focuses on eco-friendly practices and evolving regulations in healthcare.
Post-market Surveillance: Uses post-market data to enhance product safety and access.
Pharmacoeconomics & Value-Based Pricing: Analyzes the shift to value-based pricing and data-driven decision-making in R&D.

The global skincare devices market report delivers a detailed analysis with 60+ key tables, more than 50 visually impactful figures, and 176 pages of expert insights, providing a complete view of the market landscape.

Target Audience 2024

Manufacturers: Pharmaceutical, Medical Device, Biotech Companies, Contract Manufacturers, Distributors, Hospitals.
Regulatory & Policy: Compliance Officers, Government, Health Economists, Market Access Specialists.
Technology & Innovation: AI/Robotics Providers, R&D Professionals, Clinical Trial Managers, Pharmacovigilance Experts.
Investors: Healthcare Investors, Venture Fund Investors, Pharma Marketing & Sales.
Consulting & Advisory: Healthcare Consultants, Industry Associations, Analysts.
Supply Chain: Distribution and Supply Chain Managers.
Consumers & Advocacy: Patients, Advocacy Groups, Insurance Companies.
Academic & Research: Academic Institutions.

1. Methodology and Scope

1.1. Research Methodology
1.2. Research Objective and Scope of the Report

2. Definition and Overview

3. Executive Summary

3.1. Snippet by Diagnostic Devices
3.2. Snippet by Treatment Devices
3.3. Snippet by Application
3.4. Snippet by End-User
3.5. Snippet by Region

4. Dynamics

4.1. Impacting Factors
- 4.1.1. Drivers
- 4.1.2. Increasing Demand for Skincare Devices
- 4.1.3. Restraints
- 4.1.4. Side Effects Associated with the Usage of Devices
- 4.1.5. Opportunity
- 4.1.6. Impact Analysis

5. Industry Analysis

5.1. Porter's Five Force Analysis
5.2. Supply Chain Analysis
5.3. Pricing Analysis
5.4. Regulatory Analysis
5.5. Reimbursement Analysis
5.6. Patent Analysis
5.7. SWOT Analysis
5.8. DMI Opinion

6. By Diagnostic Devices

6.1. Introduction
- 6.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Diagnostic Devices
- 6.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Diagnostic Devices
6.2. Dermatoscopes*
- 6.2.1. Introduction
- 6.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
6.3. Microscopes
6.4. Imaging Devices
6.5. Biopsy Devices

7. By Treatment Devices

7.1. Introduction
- 7.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Treatment Devices
- 7.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Treatment Devices
7.2. Light Therapy Devices*
- 7.2.1. Introduction
- 7.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
7.3. Lasers
7.4. Electrosurgical Equipment
7.5. Liposuction Devices
7.6. Microdermabrasion Devices
7.7. Cryotherapy Devices

8. By Application

8.1. Introduction
- 8.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
- 8.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Application
8.2. Hair Removal*
- 8.2.1. Introduction
- 8.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
8.3. Skin Rejuvenation
8.4. Wrinkle Removal
8.5. Skin Resurfacing
8.6. Body Contouring
8.7. Skin Cancer Diagnosis
8.8. Others

9. By End User

9.1. Introduction
- 9.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End User
- 9.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By End User
9.2. Hospitals*
- 9.2.1. Introduction
- 9.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
9.3. Dermatology Clinics
9.4. Beauty and Wellness Centers

10. By Region

10.1. Introduction
- 10.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Region
- 10.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Region
10.2. North America
- 10.2.1. Introduction
- 10.2.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
- 10.2.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Diagnostic Devices
- 10.2.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Treatment Devices
- 10.2.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
- 10.2.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
- 10.2.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
  - 10.2.7.1. The U.S.
  - 10.2.7.2. Canada
  - 10.2.7.3. Mexico
10.3. Europe
- 10.3.1. Introduction
- 10.3.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
- 10.3.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Diagnostic Devices
- 10.3.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Treatment Devices
- 10.3.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
- 10.3.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
- 10.3.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
  - 10.3.7.1. Germany
  - 10.3.7.2. UK
  - 10.3.7.3. France
  - 10.3.7.4. Italy
  - 10.3.7.5. Spain
  - 10.3.7.6. Rest of Europe
10.4. South America
- 10.4.1. Introduction
- 10.4.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
- 10.4.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Diagnostic Devices
- 10.4.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Treatment Devices
- 10.4.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
- 10.4.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
- 10.4.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
  - 10.4.7.1. Brazil
  - 10.4.7.2. Argentina
  - 10.4.7.3. Rest of South America
10.5. Asia-Pacific
- 10.5.1. Introduction
- 10.5.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
- 10.5.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Diagnostic Devices
- 10.5.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Treatment Devices
- 10.5.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
- 10.5.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
- 10.5.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
  - 10.5.7.1. China
  - 10.5.7.2. India
  - 10.5.7.3. Japan
  - 10.5.7.4. South Korea
  - 10.5.7.5. Rest of Asia-Pacific
10.6. Middle East and Africa
- 10.6.1. Introduction
- 10.6.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
- 10.6.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Diagnostic Devices
- 10.6.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Treatment Devices
- 10.6.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
- 10.6.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User

11. Competitive Landscape

11.1. Competitive Scenario
11.2. Market Positioning/Share Analysis
11.3. Mergers and Acquisitions Analysis

12. Company Profiles

12.1. Alma Lasers*
- 12.1.1. Company Overview
- 12.1.2. Product Portfolio and Description
- 12.1.3. Financial Overview
- 12.1.4. Key Developments
12.2. Cynosure Lutronic
12.3. Solta Medical
12.4. Cutera, Inc
12.5. Candela Corporation
12.6. Canfield Scientific, Inc.
12.7. Aesthetic Group
12.8. LUSTRE
12.9. Image Dermatology
12.10. Fotona

LIST NOT EXHAUSTIVE