![]() |
市场调查报告书
商品编码
1890737
水力发电市场规模、占有率、成长及全球产业分析:依类型、应用和地区划分的洞察与预测(2024-2032 年)Hydropower Market Size, Share, Growth and Global Industry Analysis By Type & Application, Regional Insights and Forecast to 2024-2032 |
||||||
全球水力发电市场仍是清洁能源转型最重要的支柱之一,能够实现可靠的再生能源发电和大规模电力供应。根据2024-2032年市场评估,2024年全球水力发电市场规模为1,090.5亿美元。在电力需求成长、政府激励措施、基础设施扩建以及对碳中和能源系统日益增长的关注等因素的推动下,预计到2025年,该市场规模将达到1,160.9亿美元。从长远来看,亚太、北美和欧洲的强劲成长将推动市场发展,预计到2032年,该市场规模将达到1,844.3亿美元。这意味着在预测期内,该市场将维持6.84%的稳定复合年增长率。
由于水力发电具有可靠性、储能能力以及能够灵活平衡太阳能和风能等间歇性能源的优势,它仍然是全球最大的可再生能源。到 2024 年,亚太地区将以 58.75% 的市场占有率主导全球市场,这主要得益于大规模的基础设施投资、快速的发电装置容量增长以及中国、印度和东南亚国家等主要水力发电生产国的存在。
市场驱动因素
水力发电厂具有卓越的电网灵活性,与煤炭、天然气和核电厂相比,它们可以快速扩大发电规模。这种运作优势使水力发电能够弥补风能和太阳能发电的波动,从而对维持稳定、清洁和可靠的电力系统至关重要。随着各国扩大再生能源装置容量,快速启动、停止和重启发电的能力变得越来越重要。
世界各国政府都在大力投资扩大水力发电规模。得益于激励措施、补贴和再生能源强制性政策,发展持续加速。例如,2024年8月,印度政府批准中央财政支持,鼓励东北地区参与水力发电建设,从而推动新增15,000兆瓦水电装置容量。这个政策框架促进了该行业的长期成长,并吸引了国内外投资。
市场限制因子
高额的资本成本
水力发电专案需要大量的初始投资、较长的建设週期以及复杂的监管审批流程。偏远的专案地点会增加营运成本和维护需求。根据美国国家再生能源实验室 (NREL) 的数据,2022 年新建河段开发案的成本将在每千瓦 6,574 美元至 8,611 美元之间,这将带来巨大的财务挑战,尤其是在发展中国家。
市场机会
小型数位化水力发电的成长
小型水力发电厂因其环境影响小且易于在偏远地区运行,具有巨大的市场潜力。数位技术、预测分析和自动化有望提高效能并降低成本。产业估计表明,数位化水力发电系统每年可额外发电 42 太瓦时,降低营运成本 50 亿美元,并显着减少排放。
市场趋势
抽水蓄能电站 (PSH) 的崛起
抽水蓄能电站如同可充电水电池,正迅速成为全球领先的储能方式。抽水蓄能电站系统可提供长时间储能,增强电网韧性,并支援间歇性再生能源的併网。美国拥有全球最大的抽水蓄能电站之一——巴斯县 3 吉瓦电站,可为 75 万户家庭提供 11 小时的电力。根据国际水力发电协会统计,全球抽水蓄能电站系统储能容量高达 9,000 吉瓦。
新冠疫情的影响
疫情初期,供应链延迟、劳动力短缺和融资限制扰乱了水电开发。在一些市场,电力需求下降超过20%,影响了收入。然而,长期购电协议和该行业的可靠性稳定了营运。产业信心一度从77%降至56%,但随着各国政府优先考虑清洁能源投资以促进经济復苏,復苏速度加快。
区域概览
亚太地区-全球领导者
预计到2024年,亚太地区的市场规模将达到640.7亿美元,主要得益于中国、印度和东南亚的大型计画。中国计画在2027年新增80吉瓦抽水蓄能装置容量,2024年5月水力发电量达到1,150亿度。预计到2025年,中国抽水蓄能市场规模将达到295.3亿美元,而日本和印度的市场规模预计将分别达到214.7亿美元和45.1亿美元。
北美
预计2025年,北美市场规模将达到140.2亿美元。美国拥有2,252座水力发电厂,总装置容量为80.92吉瓦,并正获得联邦清洁能源立法的大力支持,以推进水力发电现代化。预计到 2025 年,光是美国市场规模就将达到 72.7 亿美元。
欧洲
预计到 2025 年,欧洲市场规模将达到 237 亿美元。该地区优先发展抽水蓄能发电、老旧资产现代化改造和电网灵活性解决方案。预计到 2025 年,西班牙、德国和义大利的全球水力发电市场规模将分别达到 162 亿美元、36.1 亿美元和 15.2 亿美元。
The global hydropower market remains one of the most critical pillars of the clean energy transition, offering reliable, renewable, and large-scale electricity generation. According to the 2024-2032 market assessment, the global hydropower market size was valued at USD 109.05 billion in 2024. Driven by rising electricity demand, government incentives, infrastructure expansion, and growing emphasis on carbon-neutral energy systems, the market is expected to reach USD 116.09 billion in 2025. Over the long term, robust growth across Asia Pacific, North America, and Europe is projected to push the market to USD 184.43 billion by 2032, reflecting a steady CAGR of 6.84% during the forecast period.
Hydropower remains the largest source of renewable electricity globally due to its reliability, storage capability, and flexibility in balancing intermittent energy sources such as solar and wind. In 2024, Asia Pacific dominated the global market with a 58.75% share, supported by massive infrastructure investments, rapid capacity additions, and the presence of major hydropower nations including China, India, and Southeast Asian economies.
Market Drivers
Hydropower plants offer exceptional grid flexibility, as they can ramp electricity generation up or down quickly compared to coal, natural gas, or nuclear facilities. This operational advantage allows hydropower to compensate for fluctuations in wind and solar output, making it essential for maintaining stable, clean, and reliable electricity systems. The ability to start, stop, and restart generation swiftly is increasingly valuable as countries add more renewable capacity.
Governments worldwide are investing heavily in hydropower expansion. Incentives, subsidies, and renewable energy mandates continue to accelerate development. For instance, in August 2024, India approved Central Financial Assistance to support hydropower equity participation in the North Eastern Region, enabling the development of 15,000 MW of new hydro capacity. Such policy frameworks foster long-term sector growth and attract both domestic and international investments.
Market Restraints
High Capital Costs
Hydropower projects require large upfront capital, long construction timelines, and complex regulatory approvals. Remote project sites increase operational costs and maintenance needs. According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, New Stream-Reach Development projects cost between USD 6,574/kW and USD 8,611/kW in 2022, presenting financial challenges, especially in developing economies.
Market Opportunities
Growth in Small-Scale and Digitized Hydropower
Small hydropower plants offer significant market potential due to their low environmental impact and adaptability in remote regions. Digital technologies, predictive analytics, and automation can enhance performance and reduce costs. Industry estimates suggest that digitalized hydropower systems could add 42 TWh of output annually, save USD 5 billion in operational costs, and reduce emissions significantly.
Market Trends
Rise of Pumped Storage Hydropower (PSH)
Pumped storage hydropower is becoming the world's leading energy storage method, functioning like a rechargeable water battery. PSH systems provide long-duration storage, enhance grid resilience, and support intermittent renewable integration. The U.S. hosts one of the largest PSH plants-the 3 GW Bath County facility, capable of powering 750,000 homes for 11 hours. Globally, PSH systems store up to 9,000 GWh of electricity, according to the International Hydropower Association.
Impact of COVID-19
The pandemic initially disrupted hydropower development due to supply chain delays, worker shortages, and financing constraints. In some markets, electricity demand dropped by over 20%, impacting revenues. However, long-term power purchase agreements and the sector's dependability helped stabilize operations. Industry confidence temporarily fell from 77% to 56%, but recovery accelerated as governments emphasized clean energy investment for economic revival.
Regional Overview
Asia Pacific - Global Leader
Asia Pacific generated USD 64.07 billion in 2024, supported by large-scale projects in China, India, and Southeast Asia. China alone aims to add 80 GW of pumped storage capacity by 2027 and reached 115 billion kWh hydropower generation in May 2024. By 2025, China's market value is expected to reach USD 29.53 billion, while Japan and India will reach USD 21.47 billion and USD 4.51 billion, respectively.
North America
North America is projected to reach USD 14.02 billion in 2025. The U.S. has 2,252 hydropower facilities generating 80.92 GW, with strong modernization support from federal clean energy legislation. The U.S. market alone will reach USD 7.27 billion in 2025.
Europe
Europe is expected to reach USD 23.70 billion in 2025. The region is prioritizing pumped storage, modernization of aging assets, and grid flexibility solutions. Spain will reach USD 16.20 billion, Germany USD 3.61 billion, and Italy USD 1.52 billion in 2025.
Conclusion
With the market forecast to rise from USD 109.05 billion in 2024 to USD 184.43 billion by 2032, hydropower remains central to global decarbonization strategies. Increasing investments, technological advancements, supportive policies, and rising energy demand ensure strong long-term market potential. Hydropower's ability to deliver reliable baseload power and large-scale storage positions it as a vital contributor to the global clean energy transition.
Segmentation By Type
By Region