![]() |
市场调查报告书
商品编码
1848404
水力发电市场预测至2032年:按组件、容量、技术、最终用户和地区分類的全球分析Hydropower Market Forecasts to 2032 - Global Analysis By Component, Capacity, Technology, End User and By Geography |
||||||
根据 Stratistics MRC 的数据,预计 2025 年全球水力发电市场规模将达到 2,797.7 亿美元,到 2032 年将达到 4,016 亿美元,预测期内复合年增长率为 5.3%。
水力发电利用流动或落水的动能发电,是一种永续的可再生能源解决方案。水力发电是最早的发电方式之一,能够以最小的环境影响提供可靠的大规模电力。水力发电基础设施涵盖小型到大型水坝计划,其中抽水蓄能係统能够提高能源稳定性和储能能力。除了发电之外,水力发电也用于灌溉、防洪和供水。由于其高效能、低营运成本和环境友善等优点,水力发电仍然是全球可再生能源发展的重要组成部分,尤其是在水资源丰富且寻求永续替代能源的地区。
根据国际能源总署(IEA,2021 年水力发电特别市场报告)的数据,到 2020 年,水力发电将占全球发电量的约 16%,占可再生能源的 40% 以上,使其成为世界上最大的可再生能源来源。
全球对可再生能源的需求不断增长
对可再生能源日益增长的需求是水力发电市场的主要驱动力。各国和各组织都在转向永续能源,以减少碳排放并实现气候变迁目标。水力发电能够以最小的环境影响提供可靠的大规模电力,从而支持能源多元化和电网稳定。由于水力发电具有耐久性、运作效率和长期效益等优点,永续能源基础设施投资通常优先考虑水力发电。此外,各国政府、企业和公众日益增强的环保意识也推动了水力发电发电工程的扩张,使其成为全球可再生能源目标的关键解决方案。
高初始投资
由于计划开发初期成本高昂,水力发电市场面临诸多限制因素。建造水坝、涡轮机和基础设施需要巨额投资,这往往令欠发达地区的投资者望而却步。漫长的建设週期和精细的规划增加了初期成本,即使营运成本低,也难以证明其财务可行性。经济不稳定、利率波动和预算有限进一步阻碍了计划的实施。儘管水力发电具有长期高效和永续性的优势,但这些财务挑战限制了新发电工程的启动,并减缓了市场成长。高额的资本需求仍是限制全球水力发电设施广泛扩张的主要因素。
政府奖励和可再生政策
政府的支持性政策和奖励为水力发电产业提供了广阔的发展前景。税额扣抵、补贴和低利率资金筹措鼓励新计画,而可再生能源目标则进一步强化了政策支持。简化的法律规范和加快的核准流程减少了计划延误,并吸引了国内外投资者。公私合作提高了计划的可行性,全球气候变迁基金也提供了额外的资金支持。透过将水电纳入国家能源战略和碳减排计划,各国政府创造了有利于投资的环境。持续的政策支持确保了市场的稳定和长期成长,使水力发电成为全球清洁能源转型的重要力量。
气候变迁与水资源变异
水力发电极易受气候变迁的影响,气候变迁威胁着供水和河流流量的稳定性。降雨不规则、长期干旱和极端天气都会降低发电量并扰乱营运。季节性水量波动使稳定发电更具挑战性,并降低了部分地区的可靠性。不可预测的水资源供应也会增加维护和营业成本。气候不确定性的增加会抑制对大型发电工程的投资,进而影响市场稳定性。这降低了收入波动性和投资者信心,凸显了水力发电基础设施对气候变迁导致的水资源供应变化的脆弱性,并强调了製定适应性策略以确保市场长期韧性的必要性。
新冠疫情对水力发电市场造成了严重衝击,影响了建设进度、供应链和计划竣工时间。停工、劳动力短缺和运输问题导致营运延误和成本上升。财政压力和政府收入下降减缓了新计画的核准和投资活动。工商业电力消耗的减少也暂时抑制了水力发电量。儘管如此,由于水力发电产业对可再生能源供应的重大贡献,该产业仍保持了韧性。如今,随着新的政府倡议、奖励策略和清洁能源基础设施投资推动復苏,水力发电有望重拾发展势头,并继续在全球永续能源生产中发挥重要作用。
预计在预测期内,涡轮机细分市场将成为最大的细分市场。
由于涡轮机具有将流动水转化为机械能以发电的关键功能,预计在预测期内,涡轮机将占据最大的市场份额。水力发电厂的性能、效率和可靠性高度依赖涡轮机技术。弗朗西斯涡轮机、卡普兰涡轮机和佩尔顿涡轮机等先进设计使其能够在各种水流量和容量条件下实现最佳运行。持续的技术创新和对涡轮机效率的投资提高了能源产量,同时降低了营运成本。这项关键零件正在推动全球水力发电基础设施的效率提升和规模扩张。涡轮机占据领先市场份额,凸显了涡轮机作为永续能源生产驱动力和支持水力发电产业发展的核心地位。
预计在预测期内,微型水力发电(100千瓦-1兆瓦)的复合年增长率将最高。
预计在预测期内,微型水力发电(100千瓦-1兆瓦)领域将呈现最高的成长率。其灵活性以及对农村和无电地区的适用性使其极具吸引力。与大型计划相比,微型水力发电的初始投资较低,开发週期较短,因此可以快速部署。这些系统为电力供应不足的社区提供可靠的电力,并促进永续发展。小型涡轮机和模组化设计的进步正在提高性能和降低成本。政府的支持性政策、资助计画和可再生能源措施正在推动其普及和快速扩张。因此,小型水力正成为全球水力发电成长和分散式可再生能源部署的重要贡献者。
在预测期内,亚太地区预计将占据最大的市场份额,这主要得益于其丰富的水资源、政府的扶持政策以及不断增长的能源需求。中国在全球水力发电装置容量中占有重要份额,是主要贡献者之一。印度和巴西等国在水力发电开发方面也取得了显着进展。亚太地区高度重视可再生能源,正在对大型和小型发电工程进行大量投资。技术进步和有利的政策持续推动着该行业的扩张。因此,预计亚太地区将在未来几年继续保持其在水力发电市场的领先地位。
预计亚太地区在预测期内将呈现最高的复合年增长率,这主要得益于对可再生能源的强劲投资和政府的积极倡议。中国和印度处于领先地位,其中中国占据全球水力发电装置容量的大部分。该地区的永续能源倡议以及各类发电工程的开发正在推动市场成长。技术进步和对环保能源解决方案日益增长的需求进一步推动了该行业的发展,使亚太地区成为全球水力发电行业的主导力量。
According to Stratistics MRC, the Global Hydropower Market is accounted for $279.77 billion in 2025 and is expected to reach $401.60 billion by 2032 growing at a CAGR of 5.3% during the forecast period. Hydropower utilizes the kinetic energy of moving or falling water to produce electricity, serving as a sustainable and renewable energy solution. Recognized as one of the earliest methods of generating power, it offers reliable, large-scale electricity with minimal environmental impact. Hydropower infrastructure ranges from small-scale installations to extensive dam projects, enhancing energy stability and storage via pumped systems. Beyond electricity, it aids in irrigation, flood management, and water provision. Due to its high efficiency, low operating expenses, and eco-friendly nature, hydropower remains an essential element in global renewable energy development, particularly in water-rich regions seeking sustainable energy alternatives.
According to the International Energy Agency (IEA, 2021 Hydropower Special Market Report), Data shows that hydropower accounted for nearly 16% of global electricity generation and over 40% of renewable electricity in 2020, making it the largest source of renewable power worldwide.
Rising global demand for renewable energy
Increasing demand for renewable energy is significantly propelling the hydropower market. Nations and organizations are shifting toward sustainable power sources to lower carbon emissions and comply with climate objectives. Hydropower delivers reliable, large-scale electricity with minimal environmental impact, supporting energy diversification and grid stability. Investments in sustainable energy infrastructures often prioritize hydropower due to its durability, operational efficiency, and long-term benefits. Additionally, heightened environmental consciousness among governments, industries, and the public is encouraging the expansion of hydropower projects, positioning them as a key solution in achieving global renewable energy targets.
High initial investment
The hydropower market faces significant limitations due to the high initial costs associated with project development. Building dams, turbines, and infrastructure requires massive investments, often discouraging investors in less developed areas. Extended construction periods and detailed planning amplify upfront expenses, making financial justification difficult despite low operational costs. Economic instability, interest rate variations, and limited budgets further hinder project implementation. These financial challenges restrict the initiation of new hydropower projects, slowing market growth, even though hydropower offers long-term efficiency and sustainability benefits. The need for substantial capital remains a primary constraint on the widespread expansion of hydropower facilities worldwide.
Government incentives and renewable policies
Supportive government policies and incentives provide promising opportunities in the hydropower sector. Tax credits, subsidies, and affordable financing encourage the initiation of new projects, while renewable energy targets reinforce policy backing. Simplified regulatory frameworks and expedited approval processes reduce project delays, attracting local and international investors. Collaborations between public and private sectors improve project feasibility, and global climate funds offer additional financial support. By integrating hydropower into national energy strategies and carbon reduction plans, governments establish a conductive environment for investment. Ongoing policy support ensures stability and long-term market growth, positioning hydropower as a key player in the worldwide transition toward clean energy.
Climate change and water variability
Hydropower is highly susceptible to climate change, which threatens water supply and river flow consistency. Irregular rainfall, extended droughts, and severe weather events can lower electricity output and disrupt operations. Seasonal water fluctuations further challenge steady power production, reducing reliability in some areas. Unpredictable water availability may also increase maintenance and operational costs. Growing climate uncertainties can discourage investment in large hydropower projects, affecting market stability. This creates risks of revenue variability and diminished investor confidence, underlining the vulnerability of hydropower infrastructure to climate-driven changes in water availability and emphasizing the need for adaptive strategies to ensure long-term market resilience.
The hydropower market faced notable disruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, impacting construction schedules, supply chains, and project completion timelines. Lockdowns, workforce limitations, and transportation challenges delayed operations and increased costs. Financial pressures and lower government revenues slowed new project approvals and investment activity. Reduced industrial and commercial electricity consumption also temporarily lowered hydropower generation. Nevertheless, the sector remained resilient owing to its critical contribution to renewable energy supply. Recovery efforts are now driven by renewed government initiatives, stimulus measures, and investments in clean energy infrastructure, positioning hydropower to regain momentum and continue its role in sustainable electricity generation worldwide.
The turbines segment is expected to be the largest during the forecast period
The turbines segment is expected to account for the largest market share during the forecast period due to their essential function of converting flowing water into mechanical energy for electricity generation. The performance, efficiency, and reliability of hydropower plants heavily depend on turbine technology. Advanced designs, including Francis, Kaplan, and Pelton turbines, enable optimal operation under diverse water flow and capacity conditions. Continuous innovation and investment in turbine efficiency enhance energy production while lowering operational expenses. This critical component drives the effectiveness and expansion of hydropower infrastructure worldwide. The leading market share of turbines highlights their central importance in powering sustainable energy generation and supporting the growth of the hydropower sector.
The micro hydropower (100 kW - 1 MW) segment is expected to have the highest CAGR during the forecast period
Over the forecast period, the micro hydropower (100 kW - 1 MW) segment is predicted to witness the highest growth rate. Its flexibility and suitability for rural and off-grid areas make it highly attractive. Lower initial investment and shorter development periods compared to large-scale projects enable quicker implementation. These systems provide consistent electricity to underserved communities, fostering sustainable development. Advances in small-scale turbines and modular designs improve performance and affordability. Supportive government policies, funding programs, and renewable energy initiatives are encouraging adoption, fueling rapid expansion. As a result, micro hydropower is emerging as a key contributor to global hydropower growth and decentralized renewable energy deployment.
During the forecast period, the Asia Pacific region is expected to hold the largest market share, owing to its vast water resources, supportive government policies, and rising energy needs. China stands out as a major contributor, holding a substantial share of the world's hydropower capacity. Countries like India and Brazil are also making significant strides in hydropower development. The region's focus on renewable energy has led to considerable investments in various hydropower projects, both large and small. Advancements in technology and favorable policies continue to drive the sector's expansion. Consequently, Asia Pacific is projected to retain its leadership in the hydropower market in the coming years.
Over the forecast period, the Asia Pacific region is anticipated to exhibit the highest CAGR, fueled by robust investments in renewable energy and favorable government initiatives. China and India are at the forefront, with China holding a significant portion of the world's hydropower capacity. The region's commitment to sustainable energy, along with the development of various hydropower projects, accelerates its market growth. Advancements in technology and a rising demand for eco-friendly energy solutions further enhance the sector's development, establishing Asia Pacific as a dominant force in the global hydropower industry.
Key players in the market
Some of the key players in Hydropower Market include Voith Group, Andritz Hydro, General Electric, China Three Gorges Corporation, Alfa Laval, Hydro-Quebec, ABB, Engie, Tata Power, Siemens Energy, Statkraft Sweden, Norsk Hydro ASA, Hitachi Mitsubishi Hydro Corporation, Renewable Japan Co., Ltd. and J-POWER Group.
In August 2025, GE Vernova Inc. will invest C$22.2 million in its Quebec operations, expanding hydropower and grid equipment production to support rising energy demand in Quebec and across Canada. The company will put C$16.2 million into its hydropower manufacturing site in Sorel-Tracy and more than C$6 million into its La Prairie facility, which produces high-voltage grid equipment.
In July 2025, Andritz has secured a contract for the refurbishment of Mozambique's principal hydropower facility, Cahora Bassa, operated by Hidroelectrica de Cahora Bassa (HCB). The project will boost the plant's efficiency and increase its generating capacity by more than 4%.
In June 2025, Voith and HeiTech Padu Berhad (HeiTech), a technology company located in Malaysia, has been awarded the contract to modernize three hydropower stations operated by TNB Power Generation Sdn. Bhd. (TNB Genco) a subsidiary of Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) as part of the Life Extension Program (LEP).
Note: Tables for North America, Europe, APAC, South America, and Middle East & Africa Regions are also represented in the same manner as above.