The advanced carbon materials market encompasses diverse products including carbon fibers, graphene, carbon nanotubes, nanodiamonds, and specialized carbon forms like biochar and activated carbon. These materials demonstrate exceptional mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties that make them increasingly vital across multiple industries, from aerospace and automotive to electronics and environmental applications. Market growth is primarily driven by increasing demand for lightweight, high-strength materials in transportation and aerospace sectors, coupled with rising adoption in renewable energy applications and battery technologies. The push toward sustainable manufacturing and environmental regulations has further accelerated the development of bio-based carbon materials and carbon capture technologies, creating new market opportunities while addressing global sustainability challenges.
"The Global Market for Advanced Carbon Materials 2025-2035" provides detailed analysis and forecasts for the advanced carbon materials market, covering carbon fibers, carbon black, graphite, biochar, graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, fullerenes, nanodiamonds, graphene quantum dots, carbon foam, diamond-like carbon coatings, activated carbon, carbon aerogels and xerogels, and carbon materials from carbon capture and utilization. The report offers an in-depth examination of market trends, growth drivers, challenges, and opportunities across all major segments of the advanced carbon materials industry. With over 1,000 pages of detailed analysis, including 229 tables and 155 figures, this study provides unparalleled insights into market dynamics, technological developments, and competitive landscapes.
Report contents include:
- Comprehensive analysis of 15 different advanced carbon material types
- Detailed market forecasts from 2024-2035
- In-depth company profiles of over 900 manufacturers, product developers and producers
- Analysis of manufacturing processes and technologies
- Patent and regulatory landscape assessment
- Detailed price and cost analysis
- Supply chain evaluation
- End-user market analysis
- Regional market breakdowns
- Emerging applications and opportunities
The report segments each material type by:
- Production methods and technologies
- Properties and characteristics
- Applications and end-use markets
- Current and projected market size
- Key players and competitive landscape
- Pricing trends and cost structures
- Regional demand patterns
- Regulatory frameworks
- Future market outlook
Market focus areas include:
- Electric vehicle battery materials
- Renewable energy applications
- Aerospace and defense
- Environmental remediation
- Energy storage solutions
- Construction and infrastructure
- Electronics and semiconductors
- Healthcare and medical devices
The study provides detailed insights into major growth drivers including:
- Increasing demand for lightweight materials
- Growing focus on sustainability
- Rising adoption of electric vehicles
- Expansion of renewable energy infrastructure
- Advancements in electronics and computing
- Development of new medical applications
- Environmental regulations and carbon reduction initiatives
Market challenges and opportunities are thoroughly analyzed, including:
- Manufacturing scale-up challenges
- Cost reduction strategies
- Supply chain optimization
- Technology commercialization
- Regulatory compliance
- Competition from traditional materials
- Regional market dynamics
The report includes detailed profiles of over 900 key industry players, covering:
- Product portfolios
- Manufacturing capabilities
- Technology developments
- Strategic initiatives
- Market positioning
- Financial performance
- Growth strategies
Companies profiled include: 3D Nano Batteries, 3D Strong, 4M Carbon Fiber Corporation, 9T Labs AG, ADA Carbon Solutions, Adamas Nanotechnologies, Advanced Graphene Products, Aerogel Core, AerNos, Agar Scientific, AIKA Innovative Technology, Air Membrane, Aligned Carbon, Alpha Recyclage, American BioCarbon, Anaphite, Anisoprint, Anovion Technologies, Applied Nanolayers, Applied Sciences, Archer Materials, Arq, Atlas Carbon, Avadain, Aztrong, BASF, Bcircular, Bedimensional, Beijing Grish Hitech, Betterial, BGT Materials, Bikanta, Bio365, Biochar Now, Biochar Supreme, Biographene, Black Bear Carbon, Black Swan Graphene, Bolder Industries, Boston Materials, Bright Day Graphene, C2CNT, Cabot Corporation, Calgon Carbon, Canatu, Carbice, Carbon Conversions, Carbon Mobile, Carbon Revolution, Carbon Waters, CarbonMeta Research, Carbonauten, Carbonfex, Carbonics, Carbonxt, Carborundum Universal, Charm Graphene, Chasm Advanced Materials, Cymaris Labs, Daicel Corporation, DarkBlack Carbon, Desktop Metal, DexMat, Directa Plus, Dotz Nano, Eden Innovations, EOX International, Epic Advanced Materials, Epsilon Carbon, Evercloak, Fairmat, First Graphene, FND Biotech, Frontier Carbon, Fujitsu, G6 Materials, General Graphene, Goodfellow, Graftech International, Graphene Manufacturing Group, Graphene Platform, Graphene Square, Graphene Star, Graphenea, GrapheneX, Graphex Group, Graphite Innovation, Graphjet Technology, Gratomic, Grolltex, Haydale, Hexcel Corporation, Honjo Chemical, Huntsman Corporation, HydroGraph Clean Power, Hyosung Advanced Materials, IBM, INBRAIN Neuroelectronics, Integrated Graphene, John Crane, JSC SINTA, Kureha Corporation, Levidian, Log 9 Materials, Lyten, Mars Materials, Microdiamant, Mitsubishi Chemical, Montefibre Carbon, Nanocarbon Research, NanoGraf, Nanografi, Nanotech Energy, NanoXplore, NAWA Technologies, NDB, NEC Corporation, Nelumbo, NeoGraf Solutions, Nippon Graphite Fiber, Norit Activated Carbon, Novonix, OCSiAl, Orion Engineered Carbons, Osaka Gas Chemicals, Paragraf, Phillips Carbon Black, Planar Tech, PlasmaChem, Pure Life Carbon, Pyrograf Products, Ray Techniques, Real Graphene, Repsol, Sigma Aldrich, SkyNano Technologies, Standard Graphene, Sumitomo Electric, Talga Resources, Teijin Limited, Thomas Swan, Tirupati Graphite, Toray Industries, Universal Matter, Vorbeck Materials, XG Sciences, Zentek, Zeta Energy and more....
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. THE ADVANCED CARBON MATERIALS MARKET
- 1.1. Market overview
- 1.2. Role of advanced carbon materials in the green transition
2. CARBON FIBERS
- 2.1. Properties of carbon fibers
- 2.1.1. Types by modulus
- 2.1.2. Types by the secondary processing
- 2.2. Precursor material types
- 2.2.1. PAN: Polyacrylonitrile
- 2.2.1.1. Spinning
- 2.2.1.2. Stabilizing
- 2.2.1.3. Carbonizing
- 2.2.1.4. Surface treatment
- 2.2.1.5. Sizing
- 2.2.1.6. Pitch-based carbon fibers
- 2.2.1.7. Isotropic pitch
- 2.2.1.8. Mesophase pitch
- 2.2.1.9. Viscose (Rayon)-based carbon fibers
- 2.2.2. Bio-based and alternative precursors
- 2.2.2.1. Lignin
- 2.2.2.2. Polyethylene
- 2.2.2.3. Vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF)
- 2.2.2.4. Textile PAN
- 2.2.3. Recycled carbon fibers (r-CF)
- 2.2.3.1. Recycling processes
- 2.2.3.2. Companies
- 2.2.4. Carbon Fiber 3D Printing
- 2.2.5. Plasma oxidation
- 2.2.6. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)
- 2.3. Markets and applications
- 2.3.1. Aerospace
- 2.3.2. Wind energy
- 2.3.3. Sports & leisure
- 2.3.4. Automotive
- 2.3.5. Pressure vessels
- 2.3.6. Oil and gas
- 2.4. Market analysis
- 2.4.1. Market Growth Drivers and Trends
- 2.4.2. Regulations
- 2.4.3. Price and Costs Analysis
- 2.4.4. Supply Chain
- 2.4.5. Competitive Landscape
- 2.4.5.1. Annual capacity, by producer
- 2.4.5.2. Market share, by capacity
- 2.4.6. Future Outlook
- 2.4.7. Addressable Market Size
- 2.4.8. Risks and Opportunities
- 2.4.9. Global market
- 2.4.9.1. Global carbon fiber demand 2016-2035, by industry (MT)
- 2.4.9.2. Global carbon fiber revenues 2016-2035, by industry (billions USD)
- 2.4.9.3. Global carbon fiber demand 2016-2035, by region (MT)
- 2.5. Company profiles
- 2.5.1. Carbon fiber producers (29 company profiles)
- 2.5.2. Carbon Fiber composite producers (62 company profiles)
- 2.5.3. Carbon fiber recyclers(16 company profiles)
3. CARBON BLACK
- 3.1. Commercially available carbon black
- 3.2. Properties
- 3.2.1. Particle size distribution
- 3.2.2. Structure-Aggregate size
- 3.2.3. Surface chemistry
- 3.2.4. Agglomerates
- 3.2.5. Colour properties
- 3.2.6. Porosity
- 3.2.7. Physical form
- 3.3. Manufacturing processes
- 3.4. Markets and applications
- 3.4.1. Tires and automotive
- 3.4.2. Non-Tire Rubber (Industrial rubber)
- 3.4.3. Other markets
- 3.5. Specialty carbon black
- 3.5.1. Global market size for specialty CB
- 3.6. Recovered carbon black (rCB)
- 3.6.1. Pyrolysis of End-of-Life Tires (ELT)
- 3.6.2. Discontinuous ("batch") pyrolysis
- 3.6.3. Semi-continuous pyrolysis
- 3.6.4. Continuous pyrolysis
- 3.6.5. Key players
- 3.6.6. Global market size for Recovered Carbon Black
- 3.7. Market analysis
- 3.7.1. Market Growth Drivers and Trends
- 3.7.2. Regulations
- 3.7.3. Supply chain
- 3.7.4. Price and Costs Analysis
- 3.7.4.1. Feedstock
- 3.7.4.2. Commercial carbon black
- 3.7.5. Competitive Landscape
- 3.7.5.1. Production capacities
- 3.7.6. Future Outlook
- 3.7.7. Customer Segmentation
- 3.7.8. Addressable Market Size
- 3.7.9. Risks and Opportunities
- 3.7.10. Global market
- 3.7.10.1. By market (tons)
- 3.7.10.2. By market (revenues)
- 3.7.10.3. By region (Tons)
- 3.8. Company profiles (51 company profiles)
4. GRAPHITE
- 4.1. Types of graphite
- 4.1.1. Natural vs synthetic graphite
- 4.2. Natural graphite
- 4.2.1. Classification
- 4.2.2. Processing
- 4.2.3. Flake
- 4.2.3.1. Grades
- 4.2.3.2. Applications
- 4.2.3.3. Spherical graphite
- 4.2.3.4. Expandable graphite
- 4.2.4. Amorphous graphite
- 4.2.5. Crystalline vein graphite
- 4.3. Synthetic graphite
- 4.3.1. Classification
- 4.3.1.1. Primary synthetic graphite
- 4.3.1.2. Secondary synthetic graphite
- 4.3.2. Processing
- 4.3.2.1. Processing for battery anodes
- 4.3.3. Issues with synthetic graphite production
- 4.3.4. Isostatic Graphite
- 4.3.4.1. Description
- 4.3.4.2. Markets
- 4.3.4.3. Producers and production capacities
- 4.3.5. Graphite electrodes
- 4.3.6. Extruded Graphite
- 4.3.7. Vibration Molded Graphite
- 4.3.8. Die-molded graphite
- 4.4. New technologies
- 4.5. Recycling of graphite materials
- 4.6. Green graphite
- 4.7. Markets and applications for graphite
- 4.8. Market analysis
- 4.8.1. Market Growth Drivers and Trends
- 4.8.2. Regulations
- 4.8.3. Price and Costs Analysis
- 4.8.4. Supply Chain
- 4.8.5. Competitive Landscape
- 4.8.6. Future Outlook
- 4.8.7. Addressable Market Size
- 4.8.8. Risks and Opportunities
- 4.9. Global market
- 4.9.1. Global mine production and reserves of natural graphite
- 4.9.2. Global graphite production in tonnes, 2016-2022
- 4.9.3. Estimated global graphite production in tonnes, 2023-2035
- 4.9.4. Synthetic graphite supply
- 4.9.5. Global market demand for graphite by end use market 2016-2035, tonnes
- 4.9.5.1. Natural graphite
- 4.9.5.2. Synthetic graphite
- 4.9.6. Demand for graphite by end use markets, 2022
- 4.9.7. Demand for graphite by end use markets, 2033
- 4.9.8. Demand by region
- 4.9.9. Main market players
- 4.9.9.1. Natural graphite
- 4.9.9.2. Synthetic graphite
- 4.9.10. Market supply chain
- 4.10. Company profiles(96 company profiles)
5. BIOCHAR
- 5.1. What is biochar?
- 5.2. Carbon sequestration
- 5.3. Properties of biochar
- 5.4. Markets and applications
- 5.5. Biochar production
- 5.6. Feedstocks
- 5.7. Production processes
- 5.7.1. Sustainable production
- 5.7.2. Pyrolysis
- 5.7.2.1. Slow pyrolysis
- 5.7.2.2. Fast pyrolysis
- 5.7.3. Gasification
- 5.7.4. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC)
- 5.7.5. Torrefaction
- 5.7.6. Equipment manufacturers
- 5.8. Carbon credits
- 5.8.1. Overview
- 5.8.2. Removal and reduction credits
- 5.8.3. The advantage of biochar
- 5.8.4. Price
- 5.8.5. Buyers of biochar credits
- 5.8.6. Competitive materials and technologies
- 5.8.6.1. Geologic carbon sequestration
- 5.8.6.2. Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS)
- 5.8.6.3. Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage (DACCS)
- 5.8.6.4. Enhanced mineral weathering with mineral carbonation
- 5.8.6.5. Ocean alkalinity enhancement
- 5.8.6.6. Forest preservation and afforestation
- 5.9. Markets for biochar
- 5.9.1. Agriculture & livestock farming
- 5.9.1.1. Market drivers and trends
- 5.9.1.2. Applications
- 5.9.2. Construction materials
- 5.9.2.1. Market drivers and trends
- 5.9.2.2. Applications
- 5.9.3. Wastewater treatment
- 5.9.3.1. Market drivers and trends
- 5.9.3.2. Applications
- 5.9.4. Filtration
- 5.9.4.1. Market drivers and trends
- 5.9.4.2. Applications
- 5.9.5. Carbon capture
- 5.9.5.1. Market drivers and trends
- 5.9.5.2. Applications
- 5.9.6. Cosmetics
- 5.9.6.1. Market drivers and trends
- 5.9.6.2. Applications
- 5.9.7. Textiles
- 5.9.7.1. Market drivers and trends
- 5.9.7.2. Applications
- 5.9.8. Additive manufacturing
- 5.9.8.1. Market drivers and trends
- 5.9.8.2. Applications
- 5.9.9. Ink
- 5.9.9.1. Market drivers and trends
- 5.9.9.2. Applications
- 5.9.10. Polymers
- 5.9.10.1. Market drivers and trends
- 5.9.10.2. Applications
- 5.9.11. Packaging
- 5.9.11.1. Market drivers and trends
- 5.9.11.2. Applications
- 5.9.12. Steel and metal
- 5.9.12.1. Market drivers and trends
- 5.9.12.2. Applications
- 5.9.13. Energy
- 5.9.13.1. Market drivers and trends
- 5.9.13.2. Applications
- 5.10. Market analysis
- 5.10.1. Market Growth Drivers and Trends
- 5.10.2. Regulations
- 5.10.3. Price and Costs Analysis
- 5.10.4. Supply Chain
- 5.10.5. Competitive Landscape
- 5.10.6. Future Outlook
- 5.10.7. Customer Segmentation
- 5.10.8. Addressable Market Size
- 5.10.9. Risks and Opportunities
- 5.11. Global market
- 5.11.1. By market
- 5.11.2. By region
- 5.11.3. By feedstocks
- 5.11.3.1. China and Asia-Pacific
- 5.11.3.2. North America
- 5.11.3.3. Europe
- 5.11.3.4. South America
- 5.11.3.5. Africa
- 5.11.3.6. Middle East
- 5.12. Company profiles (129 company profiles)
6. GRAPHENE
- 6.1. Types of graphene
- 6.2. Properties
- 6.3. Market analysis
- 6.3.1. Market Growth Drivers and Trends
- 6.3.2. Regulations
- 6.3.3. Price and Costs Analysis
- 6.3.3.1. Pristine graphene flakes pricing/CVD graphene
- 6.3.3.2. Few-Layer graphene pricing
- 6.3.3.3. Graphene nanoplatelets pricing
- 6.3.3.4. Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) pricing
- 6.3.3.5. Multi-Layer graphene (MLG) pricing
- 6.3.3.6. Graphene ink
- 6.3.4. Supply Chain
- 6.3.5. Future Outlook
- 6.3.6. Addressable Market Size
- 6.3.7. Risks and Opportunities
- 6.3.8. Global demand 2018-2035, tons
- 6.3.8.1. Global demand by graphene material (tons)
- 6.3.8.2. Global demand by end user market
- 6.3.8.3. Graphene market, by region
- 6.4. Company profiles (368 company profiles)
7. CARBON NANOTUBES
- 7.1. Properties
- 7.1.1. Comparative properties of CNTs
- 7.2. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)
- 7.2.1. Properties
- 7.2.2. Markets and applications
- 7.3. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)
- 7.3.1. Properties
- 7.3.2. Markets and applications
- 7.3.3. Company profiles (152 company profiles)
- 7.4. Other types
- 7.4.1. Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs)
- 7.4.1.1. Properties
- 7.4.1.2. Applications
- 7.4.2. Vertically aligned CNTs (VACNTs)
- 7.4.2.1. Properties
- 7.4.2.2. Applications
- 7.4.3. Few-walled carbon nanotubes (FWNTs)
- 7.4.3.1. Properties
- 7.4.3.2. Applications
- 7.4.4. Carbon Nanohorns (CNHs)
- 7.4.4.1. Properties
- 7.4.4.2. Applications
- 7.4.5. Carbon Onions
- 7.4.5.1. Properties
- 7.4.5.2. Applications
- 7.4.6. Boron Nitride nanotubes (BNNTs)
- 7.4.6.1. Properties
- 7.4.6.2. Applications
- 7.4.6.3. Production
- 7.4.7. Companies (6 company profiles)
8. CARBON NANOFIBERS
- 8.1. Properties
- 8.2. Synthesis
- 8.2.1. Chemical vapor deposition
- 8.2.2. Electrospinning
- 8.2.3. Template-based
- 8.2.4. From biomass
- 8.3. Markets
- 8.3.1. Energy storage
- 8.3.1.1. Batteries
- 8.3.1.2. Supercapacitors
- 8.3.1.3. Fuel cells
- 8.3.2. CO2 capture
- 8.3.3. Composites
- 8.3.4. Filtration
- 8.3.5. Catalysis
- 8.3.6. Sensors
- 8.3.7. Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielding
- 8.3.8. Biomedical
- 8.3.9. Concrete
- 8.4. Market analysis
- 8.4.1. Market Growth Drivers and Trends
- 8.4.2. Price and Costs Analysis
- 8.4.3. Supply Chain
- 8.4.4. Future Outlook
- 8.4.5. Addressable Market Size
- 8.4.6. Risks and Opportunities
- 8.5. Global market revenues
- 8.6. Companies(12 company profiles)
9. FULLERENES
- 9.1. Properties
- 9.2. Markets and applications
- 9.3. Technology Readiness Level (TRL)
- 9.4. Market analysis
- 9.4.1. Market Growth Drivers and Trends
- 9.4.2. Price and Costs Analysis
- 9.4.3. Supply Chain
- 9.4.4. Future Outlook
- 9.4.5. Customer Segmentation
- 9.4.6. Addressable Market Size
- 9.4.7. Risks and Opportunities
- 9.4.8. Global market demand
- 9.5. Producers (20 company profiles)
10. NANODIAMONDS
- 10.1. Introduction
- 10.2. Types
- 10.2.1. Detonation Nanodiamonds
- 10.2.2. Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs)
- 10.3. Markets and applications
- 10.4. Market analysis
- 10.4.1. Market Growth Drivers and Trends
- 10.4.2. Regulations
- 10.4.3. Price and Costs Analysis
- 10.4.4. Supply Chain
- 10.4.5. Future Outlook
- 10.4.6. Risks and Opportunities
- 10.4.7. Global demand 2018-2035, tonnes
- 10.5. Company profiles (30 company profiles)
11. GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS
- 11.1. Comparison to quantum dots
- 11.2. Properties
- 11.3. Synthesis
- 11.3.1. Top-down method
- 11.3.2. Bottom-up method
- 11.4. Applications
- 11.5. Graphene quantum dots pricing
- 11.6. Graphene quantum dot producers(9 company profiles)
12. CARBON FOAM
- 12.1. Types
- 12.1.1. Carbon aerogels
- 12.1.1.1. Carbon-based aerogel composites
- 12.2. Properties
- 12.3. Applications
- 12.4. Company profiles (9 company profiles)
13. DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON (DLC) COATINGS
- 13.1. Properties
- 13.2. Applications and markets
- 13.3. Global market size
- 13.4. Company profiles (9 company profiles)
14. ACTIVATED CARBON
- 14.1. Overview
- 14.2. Types
- 14.2.1. Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC)
- 14.2.2. Granular Activated Carbon (GAC)
- 14.2.3. Extruded Activated Carbon (EAC)
- 14.2.4. Impregnated Activated Carbon
- 14.2.5. Bead Activated Carbon (BAC
- 14.2.6. Polymer Coated Carbon
- 14.3. Production
- 14.3.1. Coal-based Activated Carbon
- 14.3.2. Wood-based Activated Carbon
- 14.3.3. Coconut Shell-based Activated Carbon
- 14.3.4. Fruit Stone and Nutshell-based Activated Carbon
- 14.3.5. Polymer-based Activated Carbon
- 14.3.6. Activated Carbon Fibers (ACFs)
- 14.4. Markets and applications
- 14.4.1. Water Treatment
- 14.4.2. Air Purification
- 14.4.3. Food and Beverage Processing
- 14.4.4. Pharmaceutical and Medical Applications
- 14.4.5. Chemical and Petrochemical Industries
- 14.4.6. Mining and Precious Metal Recovery
- 14.4.7. Environmental Remediation
- 14.5. Market analysis
- 14.5.1. Market Growth Drivers and Trends
- 14.5.2. Regulations
- 14.5.3. Price and Costs Analysis
- 14.5.4. Supply Chain
- 14.5.5. Future Outlook
- 14.5.6. Customer Segmentation
- 14.5.7. Addressable Market Size
- 14.5.8. Risks and Opportunities
- 14.6. Global market revenues 2020-2035
- 14.7. Companies (22 company profiles)
15. CARBON AEROGELS AND XEROGELS
- 15.1. Overview
- 15.2. Types
- 15.2.1. Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (RF) Carbon Aerogels and Xerogels
- 15.2.2. Phenolic-Furfural (PF) Carbon Aerogels and Xerogels
- 15.2.3. Melamine-Formaldehyde (MF) Carbon Aerogels and Xerogels
- 15.2.4. Biomass-derived Carbon Aerogels and Xerogels
- 15.2.5. Doped Carbon Aerogels and Xerogels
- 15.2.6. Composite Carbon Aerogels and Xerogels
- 15.3. Markets and applications
- 15.3.1. Energy Storage
- 15.3.2. Thermal Insulation
- 15.3.3. Catalysis
- 15.3.4. Environmental Remediation
- 15.3.5. Other Applications
- 15.4. Market analysis
- 15.4.1. Market Growth Drivers and Trends
- 15.4.2. Regulations
- 15.4.3. Price and Costs Analysis
- 15.4.4. Supply Chain
- 15.4.5. Future Outlook
- 15.4.6. Customer Segmentation
- 15.4.7. Addressable Market Size
- 15.4.8. Risks and Opportunities
- 15.5. Global market
- 15.6. Companies(10 company profiles)
16. CARBON MATERIALS FROM CARBON CAPTURE AND UTILIZATION
- 16.1. CO2 capture from point sources
- 16.1.1. Transportation
- 16.1.2. Global point source CO2 capture capacities
- 16.1.3. By source
- 16.1.4. By endpoint
- 16.2. Main carbon capture processes
- 16.2.1. Materials
- 16.2.2. Post-combustion
- 16.2.3. Oxy-fuel combustion
- 16.2.4. Liquid or supercritical CO2: Allam-Fetvedt Cycle
- 16.2.5. Pre-combustion
- 16.3. Carbon separation technologies
- 16.3.1. Absorption capture
- 16.3.2. Adsorption capture
- 16.3.3. Membranes
- 16.3.4. Liquid or supercritical CO2 (Cryogenic) capture
- 16.3.5. Chemical Looping-Based Capture
- 16.3.6. Calix Advanced Calciner
- 16.3.7. Other technologies
- 16.3.7.1. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs)
- 16.3.8. Comparison of key separation technologies
- 16.3.9. Electrochemical conversion of CO2
- 16.3.9.1. Process overview
- 16.4. Direct air capture (DAC)
- 16.5. Companies (4 company profiles)
17. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
18. REFERENCES