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核融合能源的全球市场(2025年～2045年)
市场调查报告书
商品编码
1712820

核融合能源的全球市场(2025年～2045年)

The Global Nuclear Fusion Energy Market 2025-2045
出版日期: | 出版商: Future Markets, Inc. | 英文 349 Pages, 94 Tables, 36 Figures | 订单完成后即时交付

价格

经过数十年的科学探索，聚变能已接近商业可行性的边缘。与传统的核分裂不同，核融合有望带来丰富、清洁的能源，同时放射性废弃物极少，且没有熔毁风险，有可能彻底改变全球能源市场。自2021年以来，核融合产业将经历前所未有的成长，到2025年初私人投资将超过70亿美元。这种快速成长代表着与历史上由政府主导的研究格局的巨大转变。多种方法正在争夺市场主导地位。磁约束聚变（託卡马克、仿星器）仍然是最成熟的技术，Commonwealth Fusion Systems、TAE Technologies 和 Tokamak Energy 等公司取得了长足的进步。随着 NIF 技术的突破，惯性约束聚变的发展势头强劲，而磁化靶聚变（由 General Fusion 开发）和 Z-pinch 技术（由 Zap Energy 开发）等替代方法正在吸引大量投资。

目前，核融合市场主要由尚未获利的技术开发人员、专业组件供应商和策略投资者组成。雪佛龙、埃尼和壳牌等大型能源公司正在进行策略性投资，显示他们对核融合商业可行性的信心日益增强。政府资助仍然很重要。近期预测表明，首批商业化聚变发电厂可能在 2030 年至 2035 年之间开始运作。 Commonwealth Fusion Systems 和英国的 First Light Fusion 都宣布了 2031 年至 2032 年商业化发电厂的时间表，但材料科学、等离子体稳定性和工程整合方面仍存在课题。如果技术达到里程碑，到 2035 年，聚变能源产业的规模可能达到 400 亿至 800 亿美元，到 2050 年，规模将超过 3,500 亿美元。最初的部署可能将侧重于电网规模的基载发电，随着技术的成熟，随后将转向氢气生产和工业供热。

加速聚变发展的动力来自于对气候变迁、能源安全问题的应对以及先进材料和计算建模等相邻领域的技术突破。监管框架正在不断发展，美国核能管理委员会已开始製定与监管裂变的聚变设施不同的具体指导方针。重大课题依然存在，包括等离子体约束、氚燃料循环管理以及能够承受中子暴露的第一壁材料等技术障碍。经济可行性仍不确定，成本竞争力取决于降低资本成本和实现高容量係数。

聚变能源市场是最有前景的新兴技术领域之一，有可能从根本上重塑全球能源体系。技术和经济课题仍然存在，但前所未有的私人资本、技术突破和气候紧迫性正在加速发展时间表。该行业正在从纯粹的研究转向商业化阶段，这意味着核融合可能在未来十年内最终实现其长期承诺的潜力。

本报告研究了全球聚变能源市场，包括对商业聚变技术的评估、对聚变燃料循环的经济性分析、投资和融资分析、市场采用预测和公司简介。

目录

第 1 章执行摘要

  • 什么是核融合？
  • 未来展望
  • 与其他电力来源的竞争
  • 投资基金
  • 材料和组件
  • 商业状况
  • 应用与实施路线图
  • 燃料

第2章 简介

  • 核融合能源市场
  • 技术性基础
  • 法规结构

第3章 核融合能源市场

  • 市场展望
  • 技术分类：依遏制机制
  • 燃料循环分析
  • 超越发电厂原始设备製造商的生态系统
  • 开发时间表

第4章 主要技术

  • 磁关核合成
  • 惯性关核合成
  • 替代方法

第5章 材料和零组件

  • 核合成来说重大的材料
  • 零组件製造生态系统
  • 策略性供应链的考虑事项

第6章 核融合能源的经营模式

  • 商业核合成的经营模式
  • 投资形势

第7章 未来预测和策略性机会

  • 技术的融合和突破的可能性
  • 市场演进
  • 市场参与企业的策略性定位
  • 商业核融合能源的未来

第8章 企业简介(企业45公司的简介)

第9章 附录

第10章 参考文献

Nuclear fusion energy stands at the precipice of commercial viability after decades of scientific pursuit. Unlike conventional nuclear fission, fusion promises abundant clean energy with minimal radioactive waste and no risk of meltdown, potentially revolutionizing global energy markets. The fusion industry has experienced unprecedented growth since 2021, with private investment exceeding $7 billion by early 2025. This surge represents a dramatic shift from the historically government-dominated research landscape. Several approaches are competing for market dominance. Magnetic confinement fusion (tokamaks and stellarators) remains the most mature technology, with companies like Commonwealth Fusion Systems, TAE Technologies, and Tokamak Energy making significant advances. Inertial confinement fusion has gained momentum following NIF's breakthrough, while alternative approaches like magnetized target fusion (pursued by General Fusion) and Z-pinch technology (Zap Energy) have attracted substantial investment.

The fusion market currently consists primarily of pre-revenue technology developers, specialized component suppliers, and strategic investors. Major energy corporations including Chevron, Eni, and Shell have made strategic investments, signaling growing confidence in fusion's commercial potential. Government funding also remains crucial,. Near-term projections suggest the first commercial fusion power plants could begin operation between 2030-2035. Commonwealth Fusion Systems and UK-based First Light Fusion have both announced timelines targeting commercial plants by 2031-2032, though challenges remain in materials science, plasma stability, and engineering integration. The fusion energy sector could reach $40-80 billion by 2035 and potentially exceed $350 billion by 2050 if technological milestones are achieved. Initial deployment will likely focus on grid-scale baseload power generation, with hydrogen production and industrial heat applications following as the technology matures.

The acceleration of fusion development is driven by climate imperatives, energy security concerns, and technological breakthroughs in adjacent fields like advanced materials and computational modelling. Regulatory frameworks are evolving, with the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission beginning to develop specific guidelines for fusion facilities distinct from fission regulations. Significant challenges remain, including technical hurdles in plasma confinement, tritium fuel cycle management, and first-wall materials capable of withstanding neutron bombardment. Economic viability also remains uncertain, with cost-competitiveness dependent on reducing capital expenses and achieving high capacity factors.

The nuclear fusion energy market represents one of the most promising frontier technology sectors, with potential to fundamentally reshape global energy systems. While technical and economic challenges persist, unprecedented private capital, technological breakthroughs, and climate urgency are accelerating development timelines. The industry is transitioning from pure research to commercialization phases, suggesting fusion may finally fulfill its long-promised potential within the coming decade.

"The Global Nuclear Fusion Energy Market 2025-2045" provides the definitive analysis of the emerging nuclear fusion energy market, covering the pivotal 20-year period when fusion transitions from laboratory experiments to commercial reality.

Report contents include:

  • Commercial Fusion Technology Assessment: Detailed comparison of tokamak, stellarator, spherical tokamak, field-reversed configuration (FRC), inertial confinement fusion (ICF), magnetized target fusion (MTF), Z-pinch, and pulsed power approaches with SWOT analysis and technological maturity evaluation
  • Fusion Fuel Cycle Economic Analysis: Quantitative assessment of tritium supply constraints, breeding requirements, and economic implications of D-T, D-D, and aneutronic fuel cycles with strategic recommendations for mitigating supply bottlenecks
  • Critical Materials Supply Chain Vulnerability: Strategic analysis of high-temperature superconductor manufacturing capacity, lithium-6 isotope enrichment capabilities, plasma-facing material production, and specialized component bottlenecks with geopolitical risk assessment
  • AI and Digital Twin Implementation: Evaluation of machine learning applications in plasma control, predictive maintenance, reactor optimization, and fusion simulation with case studies of successful AI implementations accelerating fusion development
  • Comparative LCOE Projections: Evidence-based levelized cost of electricity projections for fusion compared to advanced fission, renewables with storage, and hydrogen technologies across multiple timeframes and deployment scenarios
  • Investment and Funding Analysis: Detailed breakdown of $9.8B+ in fusion investments by technology approach, geographic region, company stage, and investor type with proprietary data on valuation trends and funding efficiency metrics
  • Fusion Plant Integration Models: Technical assessment of grid integration approaches, operational flexibility capabilities, cogeneration potential for process heat/hydrogen, and comparative analysis of modular versus utility-scale deployment strategies
  • Regulatory Framework Evolution: Analysis of emerging fusion-specific regulations across major jurisdictions with timeline projections for licensing pathways and recommendations for regulatory engagement strategies
  • Market Adoption Projections: Quantitative market penetration modeling by geography, sector, and application with comprehensive analysis of rate-limiting factors including supply chain constraints, regulatory hurdles, and competing technology evolution
  • Profiles of 45 companies in the nuclear fusion energy market. Companies profiled include Acceleron Fusion, Anubal Fusion, Astral Systems, Avalanche Energy, Blue Laser Fusion, Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS), Electric Fusion Systems, Energy Singularity, First Light Fusion, Focused Energy, Fuse Energy, General Fusion, HB11 Energy, Helical Fusion, Helion Energy, Hylenr, Kyoto Fusioneering, Marvel Fusion, Metatron, NearStar Fusion, Neo Fusion, Novatron Fusion Group and more....

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

  • 1.1. What is Nuclear Fusion?
  • 1.2. Future Outlook
  • 1.3. Competition with Other Power Sources
  • 1.4. Investment Funding
  • 1.5. Materials and Components
  • 1.6. Commercial Landscape
  • 1.7. Applications and Implementation Roadmap
  • 1.8. Fuels

2. INTRODUCTION

  • 2.1. The Fusion Energy Market
    • 2.1.1. Historical evolution
    • 2.1.2. Market drivers
    • 2.1.3. National strategies
  • 2.2. Technical Foundations
    • 2.2.1. Nuclear Fusion Principles
      • 2.2.1.1. Nuclear binding energy fundamentals
      • 2.2.1.2. Fusion reaction types and characteristics
      • 2.2.1.3. Energy density advantages of fusion reactions
    • 2.2.2. Power Production Fundamentals
      • 2.2.2.1. Q factor
      • 2.2.2.2. Electricity production pathways
      • 2.2.2.3. Engineering efficiency
      • 2.2.2.4. Heat transfer and power conversion systems
    • 2.2.3. Fusion and Fission
      • 2.2.3.1. Safety profile
      • 2.2.3.2. Waste management considerations and radioactivity
      • 2.2.3.3. Fuel cycle differences and proliferation aspects
      • 2.2.3.4. Engineering crossover and shared expertise
      • 2.2.3.5. Nuclear industry contributions to fusion development
  • 2.3. Regulatory Framework
    • 2.3.1. International regulatory developments and harmonization
    • 2.3.2. Europe
    • 2.3.3. Regional approaches and policy implications

3. NUCLEAR FUSION ENERGY MARKET

  • 3.1. Market Outlook
    • 3.1.1. Fusion deployment
    • 3.1.2. Alternative clean energy sources
    • 3.1.3. Application in data centers
    • 3.1.4. Deployment rate limitations and scaling challenges
  • 3.2. Technology Categorization by Confinement Mechanism
    • 3.2.1. Magnetic Confinement Technologies
      • 3.2.1.1. Tokamak and spherical tokamak designs
      • 3.2.1.2. Stellarator approach and advantages
      • 3.2.1.3. Field-reversed configurations (FRCs)
      • 3.2.1.4. Comparison of magnetic confinement approaches
      • 3.2.1.5. Plasma stability and confinement innovations
    • 3.2.2. Inertial Confinement Technologies
      • 3.2.2.1. Laser-driven inertial confinement
      • 3.2.2.2. National Ignition Facility achievements and challenges
      • 3.2.2.3. Manufacturing and scaling barriers
      • 3.2.2.4. Commercial viability
      • 3.2.2.5. High repetition rate approaches
    • 3.2.3. Hybrid and Alternative Approaches
      • 3.2.3.1. Magnetized target fusion
      • 3.2.3.2. Pulsed Magnetic Fusion
      • 3.2.3.3. Z-Pinch Devices
      • 3.2.3.4. Pulsed magnetic fusion
    • 3.2.4. Emerging Alternative Concepts
    • 3.2.5. Compact Fusion Approaches
  • 3.3. Fuel Cycle Analysis
    • 3.3.1. Commercial Fusion Reactions
      • 3.3.1.1. Deuterium-Tritium (D-T) fusion
      • 3.3.1.2. Alternative reaction pathways (D-D, p-B11, He3)
      • 3.3.1.3. Comparative advantages and technical challenges
      • 3.3.1.4. Aneutronic fusion approaches
    • 3.3.2. Fuel Supply Considerations
      • 3.3.2.1. Tritium supply limitations and breeding requirements
      • 3.3.2.2. Deuterium abundance and extraction methods
      • 3.3.2.3. Exotic fuel availability
      • 3.3.2.4. Supply chain security and strategic reserves
  • 3.4. Ecosystem Beyond Power Plant OEMs
    • 3.4.1. Component manufacturers and specialized suppliers
    • 3.4.2. Engineering services and testing infrastructure
    • 3.4.3. Digital twin technology and advanced simulation tools
    • 3.4.4. AI applications in plasma physics and reactor operation
    • 3.4.5. Building trust in surrogate models for fusion
  • 3.5. Development Timelines
    • 3.5.1. Comparative Analysis of Commercial Approaches
    • 3.5.2. Strategic Roadmaps and Timelines
      • 3.5.2.1. Major Player Developments
    • 3.5.3. Public funding for fusion energy research
    • 3.5.4. Integrated Timeline Analysis
      • 3.5.4.1. Technology approach commercialization sequence
      • 3.5.4.2. Fuel cycle development dependencies
      • 3.5.4.3. Cost trajectory projections

4. KEY TECHNOLOGIES

  • 4.1. Magnetic Confinement Fusion
    • 4.1.1. Tokamak and Spherical Tokamak
      • 4.1.1.1. Operating principles and technical foundation
      • 4.1.1.2. Commercial development
      • 4.1.1.3. SWOT analysis
      • 4.1.1.4. Roadmap for commercial tokamak fusion
    • 4.1.2. Stellarators
      • 4.1.2.1. Design principles and advantages over tokamaks
      • 4.1.2.2. Wendelstein 7-X
      • 4.1.2.3. Commercial development
      • 4.1.2.4. SWOT analysis
    • 4.1.3. Field-Reversed Configurations
      • 4.1.3.1. Technical principles and design advantages
      • 4.1.3.2. Commercial development
      • 4.1.3.3. SWOT analysis
  • 4.2. Inertial Confinement Fusion
    • 4.2.1. Fundamental operating principles
    • 4.2.2. National Ignition Facility
    • 4.2.3. Commercial development
    • 4.2.4. SWOT analysis
  • 4.3. Alternative Approaches
    • 4.3.1. Magnetized Target Fusion
      • 4.3.1.1. Technical overview and operating principles
      • 4.3.1.2. Commercial development
      • 4.3.1.3. SWOT analysis
      • 4.3.1.4. Roadmap
    • 4.3.2. Z-Pinch Fusion
      • 4.3.2.1. Technical principles and operational characteristics
      • 4.3.2.2. Commercial development
      • 4.3.2.3. SWOT analysis
    • 4.3.3. Pulsed Magnetic Fusion
      • 4.3.3.1. Technical overview of pulsed magnetic fusion
      • 4.3.3.2. Commercial development
      • 4.3.3.3. SWOT analysis

5. MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS

  • 5.1. Critical Materials for Fusion
    • 5.1.1. High-Temperature Superconductors (HTS)
      • 5.1.1.1. Second-generation (2G) REBCO tape manufacturing process
      • 5.1.1.2. Global value chain
      • 5.1.1.3. Demand projections and manufacturing bottlenecks
      • 5.1.1.4. SWOT analysis
    • 5.1.2. Plasma-Facing Materials
      • 5.1.2.1. First wall challenges and material requirements
      • 5.1.2.2. Tungsten and lithium solutions for plasma-facing components
      • 5.1.2.3. Radiation damage and lifetime considerations
      • 5.1.2.4. Supply chain
    • 5.1.3. Breeder Blanket Materials
      • 5.1.3.1. Choice between solid-state and fluid (liquid metal or molten salt) blanket concepts
      • 5.1.3.2. Technology readiness level
      • 5.1.3.3. Value chain
    • 5.1.4. Lithium Resources and Processing
      • 5.1.4.1. Lithium demand in fusion
      • 5.1.4.2. Lithium-6 isotope separation requirements
      • 5.1.4.3. Comparison of lithium separation methods
      • 5.1.4.4. Global lithium supply-demand balance
  • 5.2. Component Manufacturing Ecosystem
    • 5.2.1. Specialized capacitors and power electronics
    • 5.2.2. Vacuum systems and cryogenic equipment
    • 5.2.3. Laser systems for inertial fusion
    • 5.2.4. Target manufacturing for ICF
  • 5.3. Strategic Supply Chain Considerations
    • 5.3.1. Critical minerals
    • 5.3.2. China's dominance
    • 5.3.3. Public-private partnerships
    • 5.3.4. Component supply

6. BUSINESS MODELS FOR NUCLEAR FUSION ENERGY

  • 6.1. Commercial Fusion Business Models
    • 6.1.1. Value creation
    • 6.1.2. Fusion commercialization
    • 6.1.3. Industrial process heat applications
  • 6.2. Investment Landscape
    • 6.2.1. Funding Trends and Sources
      • 6.2.1.1. Public funding mechanisms and programs
      • 6.2.1.2. Venture capital
      • 6.2.1.3. Corporate investments
      • 6.2.1.4. Funding by approach
    • 6.2.2. Value Creation
      • 6.2.2.1. Pre-commercial technology licensing
      • 6.2.2.2. Component and material supply opportunities
      • 6.2.2.3. Specialized service provision
      • 6.2.2.4. Knowledge and intellectual property monetization

7. FUTURE OUTLOOK AND STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITES

  • 7.1. Technology Convergence and Breakthrough Potential
    • 7.1.1. AI and machine learning impact on development
    • 7.1.2. Advanced computing for design optimization
    • 7.1.3. Materials science advancement
    • 7.1.4. Control system and diagnostics innovations
    • 7.1.5. High-temperature superconductor advancements
  • 7.2. Market Evolution
    • 7.2.1. Commercial deployment
    • 7.2.2. Market adoption and penetration
    • 7.2.3. Grid integration and energy markets
    • 7.2.4. Specialized application development paths
      • 7.2.4.1. Marine propulsion
      • 7.2.4.2. Space applications
      • 7.2.4.3. Industrial process heat applications
      • 7.2.4.4. Remote power applications
  • 7.3. Strategic Positioning for Market Participants
    • 7.3.1. Component supplier opportunities
    • 7.3.2. Energy producer partnership strategies
    • 7.3.3. Technology licensing and commercialization paths
    • 7.3.4. Investment timing considerations
    • 7.3.5. Risk diversification approaches
  • 7.4. Pathways to Commercial Fusion Energy
    • 7.4.1. Critical Success Factors
      • 7.4.1.1. Technical milestone achievement requirements
      • 7.4.1.2. Supply chain development imperatives
      • 7.4.1.3. Regulatory framework evolution
      • 7.4.1.4. Capital formation mechanisms
      • 7.4.1.5. Public engagement and acceptance building
    • 7.4.2. Key Inflection Points
      • 7.4.2.1. Scientific and engineering breakeven demonstrations
      • 7.4.2.2. First commercial plant commissioning
      • 7.4.2.3. Manufacturing scale-up
      • 7.4.2.4. Cost reduction
      • 7.4.2.5. Policy support
    • 7.4.3. Long-Term Market Impact
      • 7.4.3.1. Global energy system transformation
      • 7.4.3.2. Decarbonization
      • 7.4.3.3. Geopolitical energy
      • 7.4.3.4. Societal benefits and economic development
      • 7.4.3.5. Quality of life

8. COMPANY PROFILES(45 company profiles)

9. APPENDICES

  • 9.1. Report scope
  • 9.2. Research methodology
  • 9.3. Glossary of Terms

10. REFERENCES

List of Tables

  • Table 1. Comparison of Nuclear Fusion Energy with Other Power Sources
  • Table 2. Nuclear Fusion Energy Investment Funding, by company
  • Table 3. Key Materials and Components for Fusion
  • Table 4.Commercial Landscape by Reactor Class
  • Table 5. Market by Reactor Type
  • Table 6. Applications by Sector
  • Table 7. Fuels in Commercial Fusion
  • Table 8. Commercial Fusion Market by Fuel
  • Table 9. Market drivers for commercialization of nuclear fusion energy
  • Table 10. National strategies in Nuclear Fusion Energy
  • Table 11. Fusion Reaction Types and Characteristics
  • Table 12. Energy Density Advantages of Fusion Reactions
  • Table 13. Q values
  • Table 14. Electricity production pathways from fusion energy
  • Table 15. Engineering efficiency factors
  • Table 16. Heat transfer and power conversion
  • Table 17. Nuclear fusion and nuclear fission
  • Table 18. Pros and cons of fusion and fission
  • Table 19. Safety aspects
  • Table 20. Waste management considerations and radioactivity
  • Table 21. International regulatory developments
  • Table 22. Regional approaches to fusion regulation and policy support
  • Table 23. Reactions in Commercial Fusion
  • Table 24. Alternative clean energy sources
  • Table 25. Deployment rate limitations and scaling challenges
  • Table 26. Comparison of magnetic confinement approaches
  • Table 27. Plasma stability and confinement innovations
  • Table 28. Inertial Confinement Technologies
  • Table 29. Inertial confinement fusion Manufacturing and scaling barriers
  • Table 30. Commercial viability of inertial confinement fusion energy
  • Table 31. High repetition rate approaches
  • Table 32. Hybrid and Alternative Approaches
  • Table 33. Emerging Alternative Concepts
  • Table 34. Compact fusion approaches
  • Table 35. Comparative advantages and technical challenges
  • Table 36. Aneutronic fusion approaches
  • Table 37. Tritium self-sufficiency challenges for D-T reactors
  • Table 38. Supply chain considerations
  • Table 39. Component manufacturers and specialized suppliers
  • Table 40. Engineering services and testing infrastructure
  • Table 41. Digital twin technology and advanced simulation tools
  • Table 42. AI applications in plasma physics and reactor operation
  • Table 43. Comparative Analysis of Commercial Nuclear Fusion Approaches
  • Table 44. Field-reversed configuration (FRC) developer timelines
  • Table 45. Inertial, magneto-inertial and Z-pinch deployment
  • Table 46. Commercial plant deployment projections, by company
  • Table 47. Pure inertial confinement fusion commercialization
  • Table 48. Public funding for fusion energy research
  • Table 49. Technology approach commercialization sequence
  • Table 50. Fuel cycle development dependencies
  • Table 51. Cost trajectory projections
  • Table 52. Conventional Tokamak versus Spherical Tokamak
  • Table 53. ITER Specifications
  • Table 54. Design principles and advantages over tokamaks
  • Table 55. Stellarator vs. Tokamak Comparative Analysis
  • Table 56. Stellarator Commercial development
  • Table 57. Technical principles and design advantages
  • Table 58. Commercial Timeline Assessment
  • Table 59. Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) operating principles
  • Table 60. Timeline of laser-driven inertial confinement fusion
  • Table 61. Alternative Approaches
  • Table 62. Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF) Technical overview and operating principles
  • Table 63. Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF) commercial development
  • Table 64. Z-pinch fusion Technical principles and operational characteristics
  • Table 65. Z-pinch fusion commercial development
  • Table 66. Commercial Viability Assessment
  • Table 67. Pulsed magnetic fusion commercial development
  • Table 68. Critical Materials for Fusion
  • Table 69. Global Value Chain
  • Table 70. Demand Projections and Manufacturing Bottlenecks for HTC
  • Table 71. First wall challenges and material requirements
  • Table 72. Ceramic, Liquid Metal and Molten Salt Options
  • Table 73. Comparison of solid-state and fluid (liquid metal or molten salt) blanket concepts
  • Table 74. Technology Readiness Level Assessment for Breeder Blanket Materials
  • Table 75. Alternatives to COLEX Process for Enrichment
  • Table 76. Comparison of Lithium Separation Methods
  • Table 77. Competition with Battery Markets for Lithium
  • Table 78. Key Components Summary by Fusion Approach
  • Table 79. Fusion Energy for industrial process heat applications
  • Table 80. Public funding mechanisms and programs
  • Table 81. Corporate investments
  • Table 82. Component and material supply opportunities
  • Table 83. Control system and diagnostic innovations
  • Table 84. High-temperature superconductor (HTS) technology advancements
  • Table 85. Market adoption patterns and penetration rates
  • Table 86. Grid integration and energy market impacts
  • Table 87. Specialized application development paths
  • Table 88. Energy producer partnership strategies
  • Table 89. Technology licensing and commercialization paths
  • Table 90. Risk diversification approaches
  • Table 91. Technical milestone achievement requirements
  • Table 92. Supply chain development imperatives
  • Table 93. Capital Formation Mechanisms
  • Table 94. Glossary of Terms

List of Figures

  • Figure 1. The fusion energy process
  • Figure 2. A fusion power plant
  • Figure 3. Experimentally inferred Lawson parameters
  • Figure 4. ITER nuclear fusion reactor
  • Figure 5. Comparing energy density and CO2 emissions of major energy sources
  • Figure 6. Timeline and Development Phases
  • Figure 7. Schematic of a D-T fusion reaction
  • Figure 8. Comparison of conventional tokamak and spherical tokamak
  • Figure 9. Interior of the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator
  • Figure 10. Wendelstein 7-X plasma and layer of magnets
  • Figure 11. Z-pinch device
  • Figure 12. Sandia National Laboratory's Z Machine
  • Figure 13. ZAP Energy sheared-flow stabilized Z-pinch
  • Figure 14. Kink instability
  • Figure 15. Helion's fusion generator
  • Figure 16. Tokamak schematic
  • Figure 17. SWOT Analysis of Conventional and Spherical Tokamak Approaches
  • Figure 18. Roadmap for Commercial Tokamak Fusion
  • Figure 19. SWOT Analysis of Stellarator Approach
  • Figure 20. SWOT Analysis of FRC Technology
  • Figure 21. SWOT Analysis of ICF for Commercial Power
  • Figure 22. SWOT Analysis of Magnetized Target Fusion
  • Figure 23. Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF) Roadmap
  • Figure 24. SWOT Analysis of Z-Pinch Reactors
  • Figure 25. SWOT Analysis and Timeline Projections for Pulsed Magnetic Fusion
  • Figure 26. SWOT Analysis of HTS for Fusion
  • Figure 27. Value Chain for Breeder Blanket Materials
  • Figure 28. Lithium-6 isotope separation requirements
  • Figure 29. Commercial Deployment Timeline Projections
  • Figure 30. Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS) Central Solenoid Model Coil (CSMC)
  • Figure 31. General Fusion reactor plasma injector
  • Figure 32. Helion Polaris device
  • Figure 33. Novatron's nuclear fusion reactor design
  • Figure 34. Realta Fusion Tandem Mirror Reactor
  • Figure 35. Proxima Fusion Stellaris fusion plant
  • Figure 36. ZAP Energy Fusion Core