2025年全球联网汽车法规策略分析

联网汽车法规将透过结合下一代汽车技术以及汽车安全、智慧和安全的新政策来促进变革性成长

该研究分析了欧洲、北美和中国联网汽车领域各个细分市场的法律规范。嵌入式导航系统和5G技术的兴起将透过应用程式和服务推动多项新的CV功能。无线（OTA）软体更新将日益普及，以提供个人化体验并共用个人资讯。这项技术变革将需要製定法规，以防止未授权存取个人资料、非法贸易和身分盗窃等安全风险。

该研究讨论了 eCall、下一代 (NG) eCall、车联网 (V2X)、蜂窝-V2X、网路安全、5G 连接、个人资料安全、智慧速度援助(ISA)、网路服务和车联网 (IoV) 等技术的法规/标准。

报告涵盖成长动力与限制、联网汽车法规的技术趋势以及主要发现。报告也涵盖了北美、欧洲和中国等各地区在各自法律规范下的发展。

本报告涵盖北美、欧洲、中国等地区各类联网汽车技术法规的重点。本报告包含各地区法规资讯。

三大战略推动力对全球联网汽车法规的影响

变革大趋势

原因：先进技术的整合、自动化、数据收集以及交通系统的革新是汽车产业的关键驱动力。联网汽车、自动驾驶汽车和电动车（EV）的广泛普及是将直接影响法律规范的关键趋势。

人工智慧、5G 网路、自动驾驶、物联网整合和智慧城市的兴起正在改变汽车的运作方式和与周围环境的互动方式，因此需要对联网汽车领域制定新的法规。

Frost 的观点：随着联网汽车和自动驾驶汽车的发展，法规需要解决网路安全、安全标准和交通管理等问题。预计主要框架将在 2025 年至 2027 年之间制定，与 L4 级自动驾驶汽车的推出同步。

5G 和 V2X 技术会产生大量的个人资料和位置信息，因此需要製定严格的隐私法和全球标准。随着 5G 和 V2X 的广泛部署，我们很可能在未来几年看到一系列互通性政策的出台。

内部挑战

原因：随着联网汽车、自动驾驶和电动车市场的扩大，汽车製造商、科技公司和其他相关人员将竞相争夺创新、技术和市场占有率的主导，从而为塑造法规环境带来挑战。

不同地区之间缺乏监管协调带来了巨大的合规挑战：每个国家和地区都制定了自己的法规结构，导致全球标准不一致。

弗罗斯特的观点：在未来两到三年内，鼓励相关人员之间加强数据共用和透明度将有助于监管机构做出更明智的决策，并帮助产业更有效地实现新标准。

促进联网汽车、自动驾驶和电动车通用标准的发展可能有助于在未来五年内塑造方法论和跨境全球合作，例如联合国欧洲经济委员会 (UNECE) 的方法论和跨境全球合作。

竞赛实力

原因：公司正努力透过自动驾驶、人工智慧和物联网等联网汽车技术的创新来获得竞争优势。

随着联网汽车市场的发展，消费者对个人化体验和无缝设备整合等高级功能的需求可能会不断增长。竞争压力可能会导致主要企业在法规方面做出妥协，以加速产品部署。

Frost观点：到 2030 年，汽车产业的创新将集中在保护消费者资料以及与监管机构合作制定平衡技术进步与风险管理的标准。

2030年，汽车製造商和相关人员将优先考虑客户体验、永续性和安全性，同时与减少碳排放等长期全球目标保持一致，使汽车製造商为环境和经济进步做出重大贡献。

分析范围

• 本研究分析了北美、欧洲和中国三大地区联网汽车产业的法律规范。
• 5G 互联、自动驾驶、人工智慧资讯娱乐和增强型导航等先进技术的融合正在改变汽车产业。无线 (OTA) 更新、车联网 (V2X)通讯和车载人工智慧助理等功能正变得日益普及。
• 这些技术创新提供个人化功能、即时交通资讯和无缝设备集成，从而提升了车内体验。随着汽车互联化和自动化程度的提高，对强有力的监管措施的需求也日益增加。
• 本报告深入探讨了欧洲、北美和中国的监管机构如何应对汽车产业日益增强的连结性所带来的挑战和机会。

成长限制因素

全球标准化差距

各国对联网汽车法规采取不同的方法，导致自动驾驶汽车、网路安全和资料保护的标准相互衝突，使在不同地区运作的汽车製造商和供应商难以遵守规定。

基础建设发展

联网汽车的普及依赖5G、V2X通讯和智慧城市基础设施，而许多地区缺乏这些基础设施，这给普及和监管带来了障碍。如果没有合适的基础设施，监管机构将面临制定和执行车辆通讯、自动驾驶和智慧城市融合规则的挑战。

网路安全和资料隐私

网路安全威胁和日益增长的资料隐私担忧对联网汽车构成了重大挑战。确保网路安全、遵守跨境资料共用的资料隐私法规以及获得消费者的同意可能会减缓连网汽车的广泛应用。

外在因素

持续的关税战以及不断上涨的燃油和能源价格等地缘政治因素，正在对全球OEM的销售和收益成长产生负面影响，并随着监管法规的演变而减缓创新和新技术的推广。此外，疫情的后续影响持续影响中国等地区的市场成长。

驱动程式

消费者对高阶功能的需求

消费者对个人化车载体验、无缝移动整合以及即时交通资讯的需求，推动更多联网汽车功能的整合。同时，相关法规也不断改进，以确保资料安全和透明度。

技术进步

5G 的推出以及自动驾驶汽车、人工智慧系统和电动汽车的兴起将推动汽车行业的重大进步，需要不断制定法规来解决安全、责任、资料隐私和电网互通性，以确保安全高效的联网汽车技术。

监管协调

随着联网汽车技术在全球范围内的扩张，对监管协调的需求也日益增长，例如网路安全、资料隐私和通讯协定的区域标准化，以确保联网汽车能够在不同市场安全无缝地运作。

环境与永续性目标

对绿色交通和减少排放的追求正在推动监管变革，将联网汽车纳入永续系统，更严格的排放标准、电动车采用奖励和碳减排目标推动新法规的出台。

目录

汽车产业联网汽车监管的演变

为何成长变得越来越困难？

• The Strategic Imperative 8
• 三大战略问题及其对全球联网汽车监管的影响

生态系统

• 分析范围
• 主要发现
• 联网汽车生态系统
• 车载数据
• 全球值得关注的汽车网路攻击
• 全球监管概览
• 区域法规和政策
• 即将出台的区域法规和政策

成长环境：联网汽车法规对汽车产业的影响

• 成长动力
• 成长阻碍因素

欧洲联网汽车法规

• 欧洲主要法规和标准的要点

欧洲个人资料隐私和安全

• 一般资料保护规则GDPR
• GDPR 法律条款
• GDPR资料保护原则
• GDPR 汽车生态系统
• GDPR 聚焦：现况与影响
• 《资料管治法案》（DGA）
• 新资料保护条例
• 资料隐私法的现代摘要

eCall 强制要求：欧洲

• 强制紧急呼叫
• 紧急呼叫授权：隐私和资料保护条例
• 紧急电话授权：GDPR实施
• 下一代 eCall NG-eCall

智慧测速助理 ISA 法规 欧洲

• 个人储蓄帐户 (ISA) 法规

网路安全：欧洲

• UNECE WP.29：联网汽车的网路安全
• WP.29 监理原​​则
• WP.29 关键要求与义务
• R155：联合国欧洲经济委员会网路安全管理系统（CSMS）
• R155：联合国欧洲经济委员会网路安全法规
• R156：UNECE软体更新与软体更新管理系统SUMS
• R156：软体更新与软体更新管理系统（SUMS）
• R155与R156的比较

5G连接：欧洲

• 案例研究：欧洲5G跨境管控：5G CroCo试验与测试
• 5G：欧洲的政策和标准化

蜂窝车联网 C-V2X 部署：欧洲

• 5.9 吉赫的 C-V2X
• C-V2X 与 DSRC：比较概述
• C-V2X：主要频宽分配配置的部署
• 对欧洲汽车製造商的影响

北美连网汽车法规

• 关键监管和标准要点：北美
• 北美联网汽车标准概述

个人资料隐私和安全：北美

• 实施国家资料隐私法
• 美国各州隐私权法的分布
• 加州消费者隐私法案 CCPA：汽车
• CCPA 2.0 或加州隐私权法案 CPRA
• CCPA 与 CPRA：比较概述
• 维吉尼亚消费者资料保护法（VCDPA）
• 科罗拉多隐私法案 CPA
• PIPEDA* 个人资料法：加拿大
• PIPEDA 更新：加拿大
• 加拿大资料隐私法摘要
• LFPDPPP* 个人资料法：墨西哥
• 个人资料法更新：墨西哥

Web 服务：北美

• ISO 20078：Web服务

网路安全：北美

• NHTSA活动网路安全
• 美国国家公路交通安全管理局 (NHTSA) 2017 年《汽车安全与隐私间谍法案》
• 网路安全措施摘要及影响

V2X：北美

• V2X通讯
• V2X通讯标准
• V2X 和 C-V2X 更新
• NHTSA 活动V2X通讯

数位钥匙和超宽频UWB：北美

• 汽车互联联盟 CCC 数位钥匙 3.0 版
• 数位金钥版本 3.0 和 FCC UWB 标准的主要亮点
• 对北美汽车製造商的影响

连网汽车法规：中国

• 中国主要法规标准摘要

个人资料隐私与安全：中国

• 中国个人资讯保护法

车联网标准：中国

• 国家车联网产业标准体系
• 车联网 IoV 更新

汽车资料安全与车辆安全：中国

• 汽车资料安全监管：中国
• 汽车资料安全法规：中国
• 汽车资料处理安全指南 TC260-001

网路安全：中国

• 网路安全监理：中国

车辆间 V2X/C-V2X：中国

• C-V2X产业与标准
• C-V2X团体标准
• C-V2X 政策和更新

5G连接：中国

• 5G连线：时间线

区域法规：中国

• 区域规划提案/政策：中国
• 对中国汽车製造商的影响

成长机会宇宙

• 增长机会1：扩大车辆连通性
• 成长机会2：监理标准的协调
• 成长机会三：更重视资料隐私与网路安全

附录与后续步骤

• 成长机会的益处和影响
• 后续步骤Next steps
• 附件列表
• 免责声明

Connected Car Regulations are Driving Transformational Growth Through the Synergy of Next-gen Vehicle Technologies and New Policies for Vehicle Security, Intelligence, and Safety

This study analyzes the regulatory framework of the connected vehicle sector's various segments in Europe, North America, and China. The increase in embedded navigation systems and 5G technology will drive several new CV features through an app or service. The deployment of over-the-air (OTA) software updates and personal information sharing for a personalized experience will grow. This technological shift will require regulations to prevent security risks, such as unauthorized access to personal data, fraudulent transactions, and identity theft.

This research discusses regulations/standards on the following technologies: eCall, next-generation (NG) eCall, vehicle-to-everything (V2X), cellular-V2X, cybersecurity, 5G connectivity, personal data security, intelligent speed assistance (ISA), web services, and internet of vehicles (IoVs).

The report comprises growth drivers and restraints, technology trends for connected car regulations, and key findings. It covers region-specific advancement for each technology, including North America, Europe, and China, on their individual regulatory framework.

There are key takeaways for each category of connected car technology regulation for regions such as North America, Europe, and China. The report consists of information on regional regulations in each region.

The Impact of the Top 3 Strategic Imperatives on the Global Connected Car Regulations

Transformative Megatrends

Why: The integration of advanced technologies, automation, data collection, and the evolution of transportation systems is a primary driver in the automotive industry. The widespread adoption of connected, autonomous, and electric vehicles (EVs) is a key trend that directly influences regulatory frameworks.

The rise of AI, 5G networks, autonomous driving, IoT integration, and smart cities is transforming how vehicles function and interact with their surroundings, creating the need for new regulations in the connected car space.

Frost Perspective: As connected and autonomous vehicles advance, regulations must address cybersecurity, safety standards, and traffic management. Key frameworks are expected by 2025 to 2027, coinciding with the L4 autonomy rollout.

Strict privacy laws and global standards are necessary for 5G and V2X technologies as they generate massive personal and geolocation data. Many interoperability policies will likely be announced in the next 2 to 3 years as 5G and V2X spread widely.

Internal Challenges

Why: As the market for connected, autonomous, and EVs grows, automakers, technology companies, and other stakeholders compete to lead in innovation, technology, and market share, creating challenges in shaping the regulatory environment.

Lack of harmonization in regulations across different regions creates significant challenges for compliance. Each country or region develops its own regulatory framework, resulting in inconsistent standards globally.

Frost Perspective: Over the next 2 to 3 years, facilitating data sharing and transparency among stakeholders will help regulators make informed decisions and enable industries to achieve emerging standards more efficiently.

Encouraging the development of universal standards for connected, autonomous, and electric vehicles would help align methodologies such as the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) and other global collaborations across borders in the next 5 years.

Competitive Intensity

Why: Companies strive for competitiveness through innovation in connected car technologies, such as autonomous driving, AI, and IoT, which push the boundaries for other stakeholders to adapt quickly to the changing dynamics.

As the connected car market evolves, consumer demand for advanced features, including personalized experiences and seamless device integration, will increase. Competitive pressures may lead companies to compromise on regulations to accelerate their product rollouts.

Frost Perspective: By 2030, innovation in the automotive industry will focus on safeguarding consumer data and engaging with regulators to form standards that balance technological progress with risk management.

By 2030, automakers and stakeholders will prioritize customer experience, sustainability, and safety while aligning with global long-term goals such as carbon emission reduction. This will allow them to contribute significantly to environmental and economic progress.

Scope of Analysis

• This study analyzes the evolving regulatory frameworks surrounding the connected car sector across 3 key regions: North America (NA), Europe, and China.
• The integration of advanced technologies, including 5G connectivity, autonomous driving, AI-powered infotainment, and enhanced navigation, is transforming the automotive sector. Features such as over-the-air (OTA) updates, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications, and in-car AI assistants are becoming more widespread.
• These innovations will enhance in-car experiences, offering personalized features, real-time traffic updates, and seamless device integration. As vehicles become more connected and autonomous, the need for robust regulatory measures will grow.
• The report will provide insights into how regulatory bodies in Europe, North America, and China address the challenges and opportunities posed by the increased connectivity in the automotive sector.

Growth Restraints

Global Standardized Gaps

Countries adopt different approaches to connected car regulations, creating inconsistencies in standards for autonomous vehicles, cybersecurity, and data protection. This makes compliance challenging for automakers and suppliers operating in diverse regions.

Infrastructure Development

Adoption of connected vehicles depends on 5G, V2X communications, and smart city infrastructure, which many regions lack, creating a barrier to adoption and regulations. Without proper infrastructure, regulatory bodies face challenges defining and enforcing rules for vehicle communication, autonomous operations, and smart city integration.

Cybersecurity and Data Privacy

Rising cybersecurity threats and data privacy concerns are major challenges for connected cars, as vulnerabilities to vast amounts of user data generated raise risks to vehicle safety and privacy. Ensuring cybersecurity, addressing data privacy regulations around cross-border data sharing, and gaining consumer consent could slow adoption.

External Factors

Geopolitical factors, including the ongoing tariff wars and rising fuel and energy prices, have detrimental impacts on sales and revenue growth for global OEMs, slowing innovation and the rollout of new technologies in line with regulatory developments. Additionally, the after-effects of the pandemic continue to impact market growth in regions such as China.

Growth Drivers

Consumer Demand for Advanced Features

Consumer demand for personalized in-car experiences, seamless mobile integration, and real-time traffic updates will promote the integration of more connected car features inside vehicles. This growth will be accompanied by evolving regulations to ensure data security and transparency.

Technological Advancements

The 5G rollout and the rise of autonomous vehicles, AI-driven systems, and EVs drive significant automotive advancements. This requires evolving regulations to address safety, liability, data privacy, and grid interoperability, ensuring secure and efficient connected car technologies.

Harmonization of Regulations

As connected car technologies expand globally, the need for regulatory alignment increases. For instance, standardizing cybersecurity, data privacy, and communication protocols across regions will ensure that connected vehicles can operate safely and seamlessly in different markets.

Environmental and Sustainability Goals

The push for green transportation and emission reductions is prompting regulatory changes to integrate connected cars into sustainable systems, with stricter emission standards, EV adoption incentives, and carbon reduction targets driving new regulations.

Table of Contents

Evolution of Connected Car Regulations in the Automotive Industry

Why Is It Increasingly Difficult to Grow?

• The Strategic Imperative 8
• The Impact of the Top 3 Strategic Imperatives on the Global Connected Car Regulations

Ecosystem

• Scope of Analysis
• Key Findings
• Connected Vehicle Ecosystem
• In-vehicle Data
• Notable Global Automotive Cyberattacks
• Global Regulatory Overview: Global
• Regulations, Standards, and Policies by Region
• Upcoming* Regulations, Standards, and Policies by Region

Growth Environment: Impact of Connected Car Regulations in the Automotive Industry

• Growth Drivers
• Growth Restraints

Connected Vehicle Regulations: Europe

• Highlights of Key Regulations and Standards in Europe

Personal Data Privacy and Security: Europe

• General Data Protection Regulation GDPR
• GDPR: Legal Terms
• GDPR: Data Protection Principles
• GDPR: Automotive Ecosystem
• GDPR in Focus: Current Landscape and Impacts
• Data Governance Act DGA
• Emerging Regulations on Data Protection
• Summary of Data Privacy Laws Update

eCall Mandate: Europe

• eCall Mandate
• eCall Mandate: Privacy And Data Protection Rules
• eCall Mandate: GDPR Implementation
• Next Generation eCall NG-eCall

Intelligent Speed Assistant ISA Regulations: Europe

• ISA Regulations

Cybersecurity: Europe

• UNECE WP.29: Cybersecurity in Connected Vehicles
• WP.29 Regulation: Principles
• WP.29 Key Requirements and Mandates
• R155: Cybersecurity Management System CSMS by UNECE
• R155: UNECE Cybersecurity Regulation
• R156: Software Updates and Software Update Management System SUMS by UNECE
• R156: Software Updates and Software Update Management Systems SUMS
• R155 and R156: A Comparative Overview

5G Connectivity: Europe

• Case Study: 5G Cross-border Control 5GCroCo Trial and Tests in Europe
• 5G: Policies and Standards in Europe

Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything C-V2X Deployment: Europe

• C-V2X at 5.9 Gigahertz GHz
• C-V2X and DSRC: A Comparative Overview
• C-V2X: Key Allocation Band Configuration Deployment
• Impact on Automakers in Europe

Connected Vehicle Regulations: North America

• Highlights of Key Regulations and Standards: North America
• Connected Car Standards Overview: North America

Personal Data Privacy and Security: North America

• Implementation of the National Data Privacy Law
• Distribution of Privacy Laws by US State
• California Consumer Privacy Act CCPA: Automotive
• CCPA 2.0 or California Privacy Rights Act CPRA
• CCPA and CPRA: A Comparative Overview
• Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act VCDPA
• Colorado Privacy Act CPA
• PIPEDA* Personal Data Act: Canada
• PIPEDA Updates: Canada
• Summary of Data Privacy Laws: Canada
• LFPDPPP* Personal Data Act: Mexico
• Personal Data Act Updates: Mexico

Web Services: North America

• ISO 20078: Web Services

Cybersecurity: North America

• NHTSA in Action: Cybersecurity
• NHTSA Security and Privacy in Your Car SPY Act of 2017
• Summary of Cybersecurity Measures and Impacts

V2X: North America

• V2X Communications
• V2X Communications Standards
• V2X and C-V2X Updates
• NHTSA in Action: V2X Communications

Digital Key and Ultra-wideband UWB: North America

• The Car Connectivity Consortium CCC's Digital Key Release 3.0
• Digital Key Release 3.0 Highlights and FCC UWB Standards
• Impact on Automakers in North America

Connected Vehicle Regulations: China

• Highlights of Key Regulations and Standards in China

Personal Data Privacy and Security: China

• Personal Information Protection Law PIPL in China

Internet of Vehicle IoV Standards: China

• National IoV Industry Standard System
• Internet of Vehicles IoV Updates

Automotive Data Security and Vehicle Security: China

• Management of Automotive Data Security Regulation: China
• Automotive Data Security Regulation: China
• Security Guidelines for Processing Vehicle Data: TC260-001

Cybersecurity: China

• Cybersecurity Regulations: China

Vehicle-to-Everything V2X/C-V2X: China

• C-V2X Industry and Standards
• C-V2X Group Standards
• C-V2X Policies and Updates

5G Connectivity: China

• 5G Connectivity Timeline

Regional Regulations: China

• Regional Plans for Proposals/Policies: China
• Impact on Automakers in China

Growth Opportunity Universe

• Growth Opportunity 1: Expanding Vehicle Connectivity
• Growth Opportunity 2: Harmonization of Regulatory Standards
• Growth Opportunity 3: Rising Focus on Data Privacy and Cybersecurity

Appendix & Next Steps

• Benefits and Impacts of Growth Opportunities
• Next Steps
• List of Exhibits
• Legal Disclaimer