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市场调查报告书
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1758848

FSO 与 VLC/Li-Fi 的全球市场

FSO and VLC / Li-Fi
出版日期: | 出版商: Global Industry Analysts, Inc. | 英文 145 Pages | 商品交期: 最快1-2个工作天内

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简介目录

预计到 2030 年，全球 FSO 和 VLC/Li-Fi 市场规模将达到 409 亿美元

全球FSO和VLC/Li-Fi市场规模预计在2024年为47亿美元，预计到2030年将达到409亿美元，2024年至2030年的复合年增长率为43.4%。 LED是本报告分析的细分市场之一，预计其复合年增长率为45.8%，到分析期结束时规模将达到205亿美元。发送器细分市场在分析期间的复合年增长率预计为45.1%。

美国市场预计将达到 12 亿美元，中国市场复合年增长率将达到 41.0%

预计到2024年，美国的FSO和VLC/Li-Fi市场规模将达到12亿美元。预计到2030年，作为世界第二大经济体的中国市场规模将达到60亿美元，在2024-2030年的分析期内，复合年增长率将达到41.0%。其他值得关注的区域市场包括日本和加拿大，预计在分析期间内，这两个市场的复合年增长率分别为39.9%和37.4%。在欧洲，预计德国市场的复合年增长率约为30.0%。

全球 FSO 和 VLC/Li-Fi 市场—主要趋势和驱动因素摘要

为什么 FSO 和 Li-Fi 技术将重新定义无线通讯的未来

可见光通讯(VLC)，包括自由空间光学 (FSO) 和光保真 (Li-Fi)，正在成为重新定义无线通讯格局的变革性技术。与传统的基于射频 (RF) 的系统不同，FSO 和 Li-Fi 利用可见光和红外线频谱进行资料传输，提供前所未有的频宽、增强的安全性和抗干扰性能。 FSO 使用雷射光束在大气中建立点对点通讯，而 Li-Fi 透过调製 LED 光源传输数据，实现超高速、短距离无线连接。这些技术在射频 (RF) 拥挤、受限或不理想的环境中（例如飞机客舱、医院、工业设施和军事区域）提供了强大的替代方案。随着物联网设备、高清内容串流媒体和 5G 基础设施的普及，资料消耗呈爆炸性增长，将流量从基于射频的网路卸载到光纤无线系统的需求日益增长。 FSO 和 Li-Fi 透过利用广阔的未授权可见光和红外线频谱来应对这项挑战。 FSO 和 Li-Fi 提供高速资料传输、低延迟和增强的资料安全性。随着日益互联的世界对更快、更清洁、更安全的资料交换的需求，FSO 和 Li-Fi 技术作为下一代无线解决方案正日益受到关注，在垂直行业和跨行业应用方面具有巨大的潜力。

FSO 和 Li-Fi 的多元应用如何在各领域扩大效用？

由于能够满足日益增长的快速、安全和无干扰通讯需求，FSO 和 Li-Fi 技术的应用正在多个行业迅速扩展。在国防和航太领域，FSO 用于在飞机、无人机和地面站之间建立安全的视距通讯链路，特别是在射频讯号可能被干扰或拦截的环境中。在城市环境中，FSO 链路被部署用于最后一英里的宽频连接，以弥合光纤部署在经济或物流上无法实现的地区的数位落差。同时，Li-Fi 正在改变医院、学校和製造工厂等环境中的室内连接，在这些环境中，来自射频系统的电磁干扰 (EMI) 具有危险性或破坏性。在智慧家庭和办公室中，支援 Li-Fi 的 LED 照明灯具可作为资料存取点，为使用者提供超高速互联网，而无需传统路由器或射频发送器器。交通运输机构正在考虑部署 Li-Fi，以便在飞机、火车和地铁站上实现安全的乘客连接和资料传输。零售业正在试验基于 Li-Fi 的定位定位服务和定向广告，以实现基于即时接近性度的快速、个人化客户互动。此外，智慧城市和工业 4.0 生态系统的兴起，正在推动光纤无线系统的部署，用于在互联设备密集的环境中实现感测器通讯、即时监控和高速资料传输。这些用途广泛的应用表明，FSO 和 Li-Fi 不仅仅是利基技术，更是建立稳健、高效且面向未来的通讯网路的基础工具。

哪些技术创新将加速 FSO 和 Li-Fi 的性能和商业性可行性？

近期的技术创新显着提升了 FSO 和 Li-Fi 系统的功能和商业可行性。对于 FSO，雷射对准系统、自适应光学系统和光束控制机制的创新提高了链路稳定性和资料吞吐量。调变技术和混合 RF/FSO 架构的进步实现了无缝切换和故障转移冗余，使 FSO 连结对于企业和关键基础设施应用更加可靠。在 Li-Fi 领域，高速低功耗发光二极体(LED) 和容错移转的发展实现了Gigabit/秒的资料速率并扩大了覆盖范围。整合检测器和光学聚光器改善了资料传输和空间覆盖范围，而软体定义的通讯协定则支援动态频谱分配、使用者优先权和即时加密。 Li-Fi 模组的小型化也使其能够整合到智慧型手机、平板电脑和物联网设备等家用电子电器中。此外，多用户 MIMO（多输入多输出）系统和正交频分多工(OFDM) 正在被应用以提高吞吐量和讯号品质。人们也积极探索混合 Li-Fi 和射频系统，以创建兼顾速度、通讯和可靠性的互补网路。这些技术进步，加上组件成本的下降和行业意识的增强，为在公共和私营部门应用中可扩展、商业级部署 FSO 和 Li-Fi 解决方案奠定了基础。

哪些市场力量推动着全球 FSO 和 Li-Fi 产业的发展？

FSO 和 Li-Fi 市场的成长受到多种因素的共同推动，包括资料流量成长、频谱稀缺、网路安全问题以及战略性数位基础设施计划。随着行动资料流程量呈指数级增长，射频频谱日益拥挤，替代通讯方法对于缓解现有无线网路的压力至关重要。 FSO 和 Li-Fi 提供了一种高容量、无需授权的替代方案，可快速部署，且不受射频系统面临的监管障碍的影响。此外，人们对资料安全的担忧日益加剧，尤其是在金融、国防和医疗保健等敏感领域，这使得光无线解决方案因其物理限制和讯号拦截能力而更具吸引力。政府和监管机构也开始意识到光无线在弥合数位落差方面可以发挥的作用，尤其是在无法铺设光纤的偏远和服务欠缺地区。智慧城市、智慧交通和互联工业领域的基础设施投资进一步刺激了对稳定可靠、无干扰通讯系统的需求。 5G及更高技术的全球持续部署，正通讯业者将FSO和Li-Fi整合到异构网路架构中，以提高容量、降低延迟并扩大覆盖范围。此外，新冠疫情凸显了灵活可扩展连接的重要性，促使企业探索Li-Fi在远距办公和教育环境中的高速室内网路应用。随着领导企业在研究、标准化和试验部署方面的投入，FSO和Li-Fi的商业性势头正在稳步增强。随着数位经济的发展，这些技术将在塑造高速、安全、无所不在的无线通讯新时代中发挥关键作用。

部分

组件（LED、红外线发射器、光耦合器、影像感测器）、应用（ITS、室内网路、客舱娱乐、通讯、医疗保健和水下通讯、定位服务）

受访公司范例（值得关注的37家公司）

  • Acuity Brands, Inc.
  • Airlinx Communications, Inc.
  • ByteLight Inc.
  • Casio Computer Co., Ltd.
  • FireFly LiFi
  • Fraunhofer HHI
  • fSONA Networks Corp.
  • General Electric
  • IBSENtelecom Ltd.
  • JSC Mostcom
  • Kyocera SLD Laser Inc.
  • Lightbee Corp.
  • LightPointe Communications, Inc.
  • Lucibel SA
  • LVX System
  • MaxLinear, Inc.
  • Microchip Technology Inc.
  • Oledcomm SAS
  • Panasonic Corporation
  • Plaintree Systems Inc.

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目录

第一章调查方法

第二章执行摘要

  • 市场概览
  • 主要企业
  • 市场趋势和驱动因素
  • 全球市场展望

第三章市场分析

  • 美国
  • 加拿大
  • 日本
  • 中国
  • 欧洲
  • 法国
  • 德国
  • 义大利
  • 英国
  • 其他欧洲国家
  • 亚太地区
  • 其他地区

第四章 竞赛

简介目录
Product Code: MCP35086

Global FSO and VLC / Li-Fi Market to Reach US$40.9 Billion by 2030

The global market for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi estimated at US$4.7 Billion in the year 2024, is expected to reach US$40.9 Billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 43.4% over the analysis period 2024-2030. Led, one of the segments analyzed in the report, is expected to record a 45.8% CAGR and reach US$20.5 Billion by the end of the analysis period. Growth in the IR Emitters segment is estimated at 45.1% CAGR over the analysis period.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at US$1.2 Billion While China is Forecast to Grow at 41.0% CAGR

The FSO and VLC / Li-Fi market in the U.S. is estimated at US$1.2 Billion in the year 2024. China, the world's second largest economy, is forecast to reach a projected market size of US$6.0 Billion by the year 2030 trailing a CAGR of 41.0% over the analysis period 2024-2030. Among the other noteworthy geographic markets are Japan and Canada, each forecast to grow at a CAGR of 39.9% and 37.4% respectively over the analysis period. Within Europe, Germany is forecast to grow at approximately 30.0% CAGR.

Global FSO and VLC / Li-Fi Market - Key Trends & Drivers Summarized

Why Are FSO and Li-Fi Technologies Redefining the Future of Wireless Communication?

Free Space Optics (FSO) and Visible Light Communication (VLC), including Li-Fi (Light Fidelity), are emerging as transformative technologies poised to redefine the wireless communication landscape. Unlike traditional RF-based systems, FSO and Li-Fi leverage the visible and infrared light spectrum to transmit data, offering unprecedented bandwidth, enhanced security, and interference-free performance. FSO uses laser beams to establish point-to-point communication through the atmosphere, while Li-Fi transmits data via modulated LED light sources, enabling ultra-fast, short-range wireless connectivity. These technologies provide a powerful alternative in environments where radio frequency (RF) is either congested, restricted, or undesirable-such as in aircraft cabins, hospitals, industrial facilities, and military zones. As data consumption explodes due to the proliferation of IoT devices, high-definition content streaming, and 5G infrastructure, there is a growing need to offload traffic from RF-based networks to optical wireless systems. FSO and Li-Fi address this challenge by tapping into the vast, unlicensed spectrum of visible and infrared light. They offer high-speed data transmission, low latency, and enhanced data security-since light cannot penetrate walls, reducing the risk of signal interception. In an increasingly connected world demanding faster, cleaner, and safer data exchange, FSO and Li-Fi technologies are gaining traction as next-generation wireless solutions with massive potential for vertical and cross-sector adoption.

How Are Diverse Applications Expanding the Utility of FSO and Li-Fi Across Sectors?

The adoption of FSO and Li-Fi technologies is expanding rapidly across multiple industries, driven by their ability to meet the growing demand for fast, secure, and interference-free communication. In the defense and aerospace sectors, FSO is used for secure, line-of-sight communication links between aircraft, drones, and ground stations-especially in environments where RF signals can be jammed or intercepted. In urban settings, FSO links are being deployed for last-mile broadband connectivity, bridging digital divides in areas where fiber deployment is economically or logistically infeasible. Li-Fi, on the other hand, is transforming indoor connectivity in environments like hospitals, schools, and manufacturing facilities, where electromagnetic interference (EMI) from RF systems is either dangerous or disruptive. In smart homes and offices, Li-Fi-enabled LED lighting fixtures double as data access points, offering users ultra-high-speed internet without the need for traditional routers or RF emitters. Transportation hubs are exploring Li-Fi to enable secure passenger connectivity and data transmission in airplanes, trains, and underground stations. Retail environments are experimenting with Li-Fi-based location services and targeted advertising, enabling personalized, high-speed interaction with customers based on real-time proximity. Furthermore, the emergence of smart cities and Industry 4.0 ecosystems is driving the deployment of optical wireless systems for sensor communication, real-time monitoring, and high-speed data transfer in environments crowded with connected devices. These versatile applications illustrate how FSO and Li-Fi are not just niche technologies, but foundational tools in building robust, efficient, and future-proof communication networks.

What Technological Innovations Are Accelerating the Performance and Commercial Viability of FSO and Li-Fi?

Recent technological breakthroughs are significantly enhancing the capabilities and commercialization potential of FSO and Li-Fi systems. In the case of FSO, innovations in laser alignment systems, adaptive optics, and beam steering mechanisms have improved link stability and data throughput-even in challenging conditions like fog, rain, and urban heat distortions. Advances in modulation techniques and hybrid RF/FSO architectures are allowing seamless handovers and failover redundancy, making FSO links more reliable for enterprise and critical infrastructure use. On the Li-Fi front, the development of high-speed, low-power light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and micro-LEDs is driving gigabit-per-second data rates and expanding coverage areas. Integrated photodetectors and optical concentrators are improving data reception and spatial coverage, while software-defined communication protocols are enabling dynamic spectrum allocation, user prioritization, and real-time encryption. Miniaturization of Li-Fi modules is also making it feasible to integrate them into consumer electronics such as smartphones, tablets, and IoT devices. Furthermore, multi-user MIMO (multiple-input, multiple-output) systems and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) are being applied to boost throughput and signal quality. Research into hybrid Li-Fi and RF systems is gaining traction, creating complementary networks that balance speed, range, and reliability. These technological strides, combined with decreasing component costs and growing industrial awareness, are laying the groundwork for scalable, commercial-grade deployment of FSO and Li-Fi solutions across public and private sector applications.

What Market Forces Are Driving the Growth of the Global FSO and Li-Fi Industry?

The growth in the FSO and Li-Fi market is driven by a convergence of factors including rising data traffic, spectrum scarcity, cybersecurity concerns, and strategic digital infrastructure initiatives. With mobile data traffic growing exponentially and RF spectrum becoming increasingly congested, alternative communication methods are essential to alleviate pressure on existing wireless networks. FSO and Li-Fi provide high-capacity, license-free alternatives that can be rapidly deployed without the regulatory hurdles faced by RF systems. In addition, increasing concerns about data security-especially in sensitive environments such as finance, defense, and healthcare-are making optical wireless solutions more appealing due to their physical confinement and resistance to signal interception. Governments and regulatory bodies are also beginning to recognize the role of optical wireless in closing digital divides, particularly in remote and underserved regions where fiber rollout is unfeasible. Infrastructure investments in smart cities, intelligent transportation, and connected industries are further stimulating demand for robust, interference-free communication systems. The ongoing global rollout of 5G and beyond is encouraging telecom providers to integrate FSO and Li-Fi into heterogeneous network architectures to improve capacity, reduce latency, and extend coverage. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic underscored the importance of flexible, scalable connectivity, leading enterprises to explore Li-Fi for high-speed indoor networking in remote working and educational setups. With major players investing in research, standardization, and pilot deployments, the commercial momentum for FSO and Li-Fi is steadily building. As the digital economy evolves, these technologies are set to play a crucial role in shaping the next era of high-speed, secure, and ubiquitous wireless communication.

SCOPE OF STUDY:

The report analyzes the FSO and VLC / Li-Fi market in terms of units by the following Segments, and Geographic Regions/Countries:

Segments:

Component (Led, IR Emitters, Opto-Couplers, Image Sensors); Application (ITS, Indoor Networking, In-Flight Entertainment, Communication, Healthcare & Underwater Communication, Location-based Services)

Geographic Regions/Countries:

World; United States; Canada; Japan; China; Europe (France; Germany; Italy; United Kingdom; and Rest of Europe); Asia-Pacific; Rest of World.

Select Competitors (Total 37 Featured) -

  • Acuity Brands, Inc.
  • Airlinx Communications, Inc.
  • ByteLight Inc.
  • Casio Computer Co., Ltd.
  • FireFly LiFi
  • Fraunhofer HHI
  • fSONA Networks Corp.
  • General Electric
  • IBSENtelecom Ltd.
  • JSC Mostcom
  • Kyocera SLD Laser Inc.
  • Lightbee Corp.
  • LightPointe Communications, Inc.
  • Lucibel SA
  • LVX System
  • MaxLinear, Inc.
  • Microchip Technology Inc.
  • Oledcomm SAS
  • Panasonic Corporation
  • Plaintree Systems Inc.

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Instead of following the general norm of querying LLMs and Industry-specific SLMs, we built repositories of content curated from domain experts worldwide including video transcripts, blogs, search engines research, and massive amounts of enterprise, product/service, and market data.

TARIFF IMPACT FACTOR

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. METHODOLOGY

II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

  • 1. MARKET OVERVIEW
    • Influencer Market Insights
    • World Market Trajectories
    • Tariff Impact on Global Supply Chain Patterns
    • FSO and VLC / Li-Fi - Global Key Competitors Percentage Market Share in 2025 (E)
    • Competitive Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial for Players Worldwide in 2025 (E)
  • 2. FOCUS ON SELECT PLAYERS
  • 3. MARKET TRENDS & DRIVERS
    • Demand for High-Speed, Spectrum-Free Connectivity Throws the Spotlight on FSO and VLC Technologies
    • Push for 5G Backhaul and Network Densification Propels Growth in Line-of-Sight Optical Communication
    • Emergence of Li-Fi as a Secure Indoor Alternative to Wi-Fi Expands Use in Defense and Healthcare
    • Focus on RF Congestion Relief Strengthens the Business Case for Light-Based Wireless Systems
    • Increased Demand in Smart Cities and IoT Environments Drives Deployment of VLC-Enabled LED Infrastructure
    • Adoption in Aircraft and Underground Environments Spurs Use Where RF Signals Are Blocked or Restricted
    • Growth in Temporary and Emergency Communications Supports Use of FSO in Remote Deployments
    • Data Security and EMI Immunity Requirements Fuel Adoption in Military and Industrial Applications
    • Energy Efficiency and Low Latency Position VLC Favorably for AR/VR and Real-Time Streaming Applications
    • Expansion in Education and Hospitality Sectors Promotes Deployment of Li-Fi in Shared Spaces
    • Commercialization of Miniaturized Transceivers and Optics Reduces Cost Barriers to Entry
    • Hybrid RF-Li-Fi Systems Emerge as Scalable Solutions for Indoor-Outdoor Seamless Coverage
    • Innovation in Visible and Infrared Modulation Techniques Boosts Data Rate and Transmission Distance
  • 4. GLOBAL MARKET PERSPECTIVE
    • TABLE 1: World FSO and VLC / Li-Fi Market Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2030
    • TABLE 2: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 3: World 6-Year Perspective for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets for Years 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 4: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Led by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 5: World 6-Year Perspective for Led by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 6: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for IR Emitters by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 7: World 6-Year Perspective for IR Emitters by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 8: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Opto-Couplers by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 9: World 6-Year Perspective for Opto-Couplers by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 10: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Image Sensors by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 11: World 6-Year Perspective for Image Sensors by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 12: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Location-based Services by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 13: World 6-Year Perspective for Location-based Services by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 14: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for ITS by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 15: World 6-Year Perspective for ITS by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 16: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Indoor Networking by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 17: World 6-Year Perspective for Indoor Networking by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 18: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for In-Flight Entertainment by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 19: World 6-Year Perspective for In-Flight Entertainment by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 20: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Communication by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 21: World 6-Year Perspective for Communication by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 22: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Healthcare & Underwater Communication by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 23: World 6-Year Perspective for Healthcare & Underwater Communication by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2025 & 2030

III. MARKET ANALYSIS

  • UNITED STATES
    • FSO and VLC / Li-Fi Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in the United States for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 24: USA Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Component - Led, IR Emitters, Opto-Couplers and Image Sensors - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 25: USA 6-Year Perspective for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Component - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Led, IR Emitters, Opto-Couplers and Image Sensors for the Years 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 26: USA Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Application - Location-based Services, ITS, Indoor Networking, In-Flight Entertainment, Communication and Healthcare & Underwater Communication - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 27: USA 6-Year Perspective for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Location-based Services, ITS, Indoor Networking, In-Flight Entertainment, Communication and Healthcare & Underwater Communication for the Years 2025 & 2030
  • CANADA
    • TABLE 28: Canada Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Component - Led, IR Emitters, Opto-Couplers and Image Sensors - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 29: Canada 6-Year Perspective for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Component - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Led, IR Emitters, Opto-Couplers and Image Sensors for the Years 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 30: Canada Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Application - Location-based Services, ITS, Indoor Networking, In-Flight Entertainment, Communication and Healthcare & Underwater Communication - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 31: Canada 6-Year Perspective for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Location-based Services, ITS, Indoor Networking, In-Flight Entertainment, Communication and Healthcare & Underwater Communication for the Years 2025 & 2030
  • JAPAN
    • FSO and VLC / Li-Fi Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Japan for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 32: Japan Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Component - Led, IR Emitters, Opto-Couplers and Image Sensors - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 33: Japan 6-Year Perspective for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Component - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Led, IR Emitters, Opto-Couplers and Image Sensors for the Years 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 34: Japan Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Application - Location-based Services, ITS, Indoor Networking, In-Flight Entertainment, Communication and Healthcare & Underwater Communication - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 35: Japan 6-Year Perspective for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Location-based Services, ITS, Indoor Networking, In-Flight Entertainment, Communication and Healthcare & Underwater Communication for the Years 2025 & 2030
  • CHINA
    • FSO and VLC / Li-Fi Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in China for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 36: China Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Component - Led, IR Emitters, Opto-Couplers and Image Sensors - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 37: China 6-Year Perspective for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Component - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Led, IR Emitters, Opto-Couplers and Image Sensors for the Years 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 38: China Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Application - Location-based Services, ITS, Indoor Networking, In-Flight Entertainment, Communication and Healthcare & Underwater Communication - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 39: China 6-Year Perspective for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Location-based Services, ITS, Indoor Networking, In-Flight Entertainment, Communication and Healthcare & Underwater Communication for the Years 2025 & 2030
  • EUROPE
    • FSO and VLC / Li-Fi Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Europe for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 40: Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Geographic Region - France, Germany, Italy, UK and Rest of Europe Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 41: Europe 6-Year Perspective for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for France, Germany, Italy, UK and Rest of Europe Markets for Years 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 42: Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Component - Led, IR Emitters, Opto-Couplers and Image Sensors - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 43: Europe 6-Year Perspective for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Component - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Led, IR Emitters, Opto-Couplers and Image Sensors for the Years 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 44: Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Application - Location-based Services, ITS, Indoor Networking, In-Flight Entertainment, Communication and Healthcare & Underwater Communication - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 45: Europe 6-Year Perspective for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Location-based Services, ITS, Indoor Networking, In-Flight Entertainment, Communication and Healthcare & Underwater Communication for the Years 2025 & 2030
  • FRANCE
    • FSO and VLC / Li-Fi Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in France for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 46: France Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Component - Led, IR Emitters, Opto-Couplers and Image Sensors - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 47: France 6-Year Perspective for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Component - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Led, IR Emitters, Opto-Couplers and Image Sensors for the Years 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 48: France Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Application - Location-based Services, ITS, Indoor Networking, In-Flight Entertainment, Communication and Healthcare & Underwater Communication - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 49: France 6-Year Perspective for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Location-based Services, ITS, Indoor Networking, In-Flight Entertainment, Communication and Healthcare & Underwater Communication for the Years 2025 & 2030
  • GERMANY
    • FSO and VLC / Li-Fi Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Germany for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 50: Germany Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Component - Led, IR Emitters, Opto-Couplers and Image Sensors - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 51: Germany 6-Year Perspective for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Component - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Led, IR Emitters, Opto-Couplers and Image Sensors for the Years 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 52: Germany Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Application - Location-based Services, ITS, Indoor Networking, In-Flight Entertainment, Communication and Healthcare & Underwater Communication - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 53: Germany 6-Year Perspective for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Location-based Services, ITS, Indoor Networking, In-Flight Entertainment, Communication and Healthcare & Underwater Communication for the Years 2025 & 2030
  • ITALY
    • TABLE 54: Italy Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Component - Led, IR Emitters, Opto-Couplers and Image Sensors - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 55: Italy 6-Year Perspective for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Component - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Led, IR Emitters, Opto-Couplers and Image Sensors for the Years 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 56: Italy Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Application - Location-based Services, ITS, Indoor Networking, In-Flight Entertainment, Communication and Healthcare & Underwater Communication - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 57: Italy 6-Year Perspective for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Location-based Services, ITS, Indoor Networking, In-Flight Entertainment, Communication and Healthcare & Underwater Communication for the Years 2025 & 2030
  • UNITED KINGDOM
    • FSO and VLC / Li-Fi Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in the United Kingdom for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 58: UK Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Component - Led, IR Emitters, Opto-Couplers and Image Sensors - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 59: UK 6-Year Perspective for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Component - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Led, IR Emitters, Opto-Couplers and Image Sensors for the Years 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 60: UK Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Application - Location-based Services, ITS, Indoor Networking, In-Flight Entertainment, Communication and Healthcare & Underwater Communication - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 61: UK 6-Year Perspective for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Location-based Services, ITS, Indoor Networking, In-Flight Entertainment, Communication and Healthcare & Underwater Communication for the Years 2025 & 2030
  • REST OF EUROPE
    • TABLE 62: Rest of Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Component - Led, IR Emitters, Opto-Couplers and Image Sensors - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 63: Rest of Europe 6-Year Perspective for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Component - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Led, IR Emitters, Opto-Couplers and Image Sensors for the Years 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 64: Rest of Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Application - Location-based Services, ITS, Indoor Networking, In-Flight Entertainment, Communication and Healthcare & Underwater Communication - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 65: Rest of Europe 6-Year Perspective for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Location-based Services, ITS, Indoor Networking, In-Flight Entertainment, Communication and Healthcare & Underwater Communication for the Years 2025 & 2030
  • ASIA-PACIFIC
    • FSO and VLC / Li-Fi Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Asia-Pacific for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 66: Asia-Pacific Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Component - Led, IR Emitters, Opto-Couplers and Image Sensors - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 67: Asia-Pacific 6-Year Perspective for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Component - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Led, IR Emitters, Opto-Couplers and Image Sensors for the Years 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 68: Asia-Pacific Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Application - Location-based Services, ITS, Indoor Networking, In-Flight Entertainment, Communication and Healthcare & Underwater Communication - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 69: Asia-Pacific 6-Year Perspective for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Location-based Services, ITS, Indoor Networking, In-Flight Entertainment, Communication and Healthcare & Underwater Communication for the Years 2025 & 2030
  • REST OF WORLD
    • TABLE 70: Rest of World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Component - Led, IR Emitters, Opto-Couplers and Image Sensors - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 71: Rest of World 6-Year Perspective for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Component - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Led, IR Emitters, Opto-Couplers and Image Sensors for the Years 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 72: Rest of World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Application - Location-based Services, ITS, Indoor Networking, In-Flight Entertainment, Communication and Healthcare & Underwater Communication - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 73: Rest of World 6-Year Perspective for FSO and VLC / Li-Fi by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Location-based Services, ITS, Indoor Networking, In-Flight Entertainment, Communication and Healthcare & Underwater Communication for the Years 2025 & 2030

IV. COMPETITION