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针状焦市场 - 2023 年至 2028 年预测Needle Coke Market - Forecasts from 2023 to 2028 |
针状焦是以煤焦油和石油为原料生产的优质碳材料。针状焦是炼钢电弧炉 (EAF) 中用作点火源的重要材料。由于更严格的环境法,钢铁製造商选择电弧炉技术而不是高炉转炉 (BOF) 来生产钢铁。它还用于生产铁合金、特种碳、金属硅和锂离子电池。由于锂离子电池和石墨电极的需求增加,特别是电动汽车,针状焦市场正在增长。
推动针状焦产品需求的几个因素,例如高品位和超高品位针状焦、与石墨电极和锂离子电池相关的应用,正在推动全球针状焦市场的发展。例如,国际能源协会2023年5月发布的最新洞察显示,过去三年电动汽车尤其是电动汽车的销量在欧洲大幅增长,从2020年的140万辆增至230万辆2021 年产量为270 万台,2022 年为270 万台。特殊的碳化合物,例如锂离子电池的负极材料,也是藉助针状焦製成的。因此,对电动汽车和针状焦等其他产品的需求将会增加。
根据世界钢铁协会的预测,全球钢铁产品贸易量将从2020年的4.056亿吨增长到2021年的4.589亿吨,增长13.1%,反映出COVID-19疫情后钢铁行业的强劲復苏。针状焦是一种优质石油焦,常用于钢铁行业电弧炉的石墨电极,这对针状焦市场有利。熔化废铁所需的导电性和热量由石墨电极提供。由于针状焦是石墨电极的重要原材料,全球钢铁产品市场的扩大表明对该材料的需求不断增加。
针状焦是石墨电极的重要原材料,因此全球钢铁产品市场的扩大预示着对该材料的需求增加。例如,三菱化学是第一家成功生产煤基针状焦的公司,这种针状焦是在焦炭生产过程中由煤焦油製成的。公司生产的针状焦具有热膨胀係数低、电阻低、破碎少、剥落少等特点。
针状焦市场按应用细分为石墨电极、锂离子电池等。石墨电极是主要用于电炉炼钢的工业产品,电炉炼钢是钢铁生产的主要方法。根据世界钢铁协会的数据,2015年至2021年全球电炉钢产量复合年增长率为4%。
锂离子电池为电动汽车提供动力并储存可再生能源的能量,依赖于基于针状焦的石墨阳极。中国针状焦市场发展的背后是对提高锂离子电池产量的投资。2021年6月,中国电池巨头宁德时代宣布投资582亿元人民币(约89.8亿美元)增加锂离子电池产能。
针状焦市场按地区分为北美、南美、欧洲、中东/非洲和亚太地区。由于主要市场参与者的存在和该地区成熟的钢铁工业,预计亚太地区的增长。主要市场参与者的存在以及汽车和建筑行业的扩张正在推动该地区的市场增长。亚太地区针状焦市场按国家划分为日本、中国、印度、韩国、泰国、台湾和印度尼西亚。
中国是全球最大的钢铁生产国和消费国,占全球钢铁产量的大部分。由于基础设施和建筑项目中钢材使用量的增加,针状焦的需求将会增加。2021年,中国党中央、国务院将拨款3.65万亿元人民币(5730亿美元),其中50%将用于交通基础设施、市政府和工业园区基础设施领域。
钢铁工业的不断现代化和更新将推动市场发展。例如,中国于2022年6月公布了工业碳达峰实施计划。规划草案提到,电炉钢厂将生产20%以上的钢材。据中国工业和信息化部预计,废钢年加工能力预计将超过1.8亿吨,到2030年,电炉炼钢的份额预计将达到15%。下图为2023年至2030年全国各地区电炉总产能(电炉产能99吨)。此外,华南和华东地区将占新增电弧炉产能的55%。
Needle coke is a high-quality carbon substance generated from coal tar or petroleum. Needle coke is a significant substance used as an ignition source in electric arc furnaces (EAF) for steel manufacturing. Due to more stringent environmental laws, steel producers choose the EAF technology over blast furnace-blast oxygen furnace (BOF) procedures to produce steel. It is also used to create ferroalloys, specialty carbon, silicon metal, and lithium-ion batteries. The market for needle coke is expanding due to the rising demand for lithium-ion batteries and graphite electrodes, particularly for electric cars.
Several factors that promote the need for needle coke products, such as premium and super premium grade needle coke, and applications related to graphite electrodes and lithium-ion batteries are driving the worldwide market for needle coke market. For instance, as per the latest insights released in May 2023 by the International Energy Association, sales of electric vehicles, particularly electric cars, sales have increased dramatically over the previous three years in Europe, rising from 1.4 million in 2020 to 2.3 million in 2021 and 2.7 million in 2022. Special carbon compounds, such as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, are also made with the help of needle coke. As a result, there will be a rise in the demand for electric cars and their by-products, such as needle coke.
As per the insights by World Steel Association, global steel product trade climbed 13.1% from 405.6 million metric tonnes (Mt) in 2020 to 458.9 Mt in 2021, demonstrating a robust rebound of the steel sector following the COVID-19 epidemic. Since graphite electrodes for arc furnaces in the steel sector are frequently made with needle coke, a high-quality petroleum coke, this is advantageous for the needle coke market. The electrical conductivity and heat needed to melt scrap steel are provided by graphite electrodes, which are crucial for steel recycling. As needle coke is an important raw material for graphite electrodes, the expansion of the world market for steel products suggests an increase in demand for this substance.
Businesses constantly invest in improving their earnings to obtain superior solutions and more dependable results for a demanding and developing global needle coke market. For instance, Mitsubishi Chemical was the first company to successfully produce coal-based needle coke made from coal tar during coke production. There are special features in the company's needle coke, such as a low- coefficient of thermal expansion, low electric resistance, less breakage, and less spalling.
The needle coke market is segmented by applications into graphite electrodes, lithium-ion batteries, and others. Graphite electrode is an industrial product used majorly in EAF steel production, which is a primary method of steel production. As per the World Steel Association, global EAF steel production grew at a CAGR of 4% from 2015 to 2021.
Lithium-ion batteries, which power electric vehicles and store energy from renewable sources, rely on needle coke-based graphite anodes. The investment to improve lithium-ion battery production is a reason for the development of the needle coke market in China. In June 2021, Chinese battery giant CATL announced an investment of 58.2 billion yuan ($8.98 billion) to boost the production capacity of lithium-ion batteries.
The needle coke market, by geography, is segmented into North America, South America, Europe, the Middle East and Africa, and Asia Pacific. Asia Pacific is projected to grow, fueled by the presence of key market players and the established steel industry in the region. The existence of major market players and expanding automotive and construction industries are driving the regional market growth. By country, the Asia Pacific needle coke market is divided into Japan, China, India, South Korea, Thailand, Taiwan, and Indonesia, where China is expected to hold a major market share owing to its steel industry.
China is the world's largest producer and consumer of steel, accounting for a significant portion of global steel production. The demand for needle coke rises due to the increasing use of steel in infrastructure and construction projects. In 2021, the Party Central Committee and the State Council of China allocated RMB 3.65 trillion (US$573 billion), of which 50 percent was used for transport infrastructure, municipal administration, and industrial park infrastructure sectors.
Continuous modernization and upgradation of the steel industry will propel the market development. For instance, China issued the Industrial Carbon Peaking implementation plan in June 2022. The proposed plan mentions that EAF steel mills will make over 20% of steel products. According to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China, the annual processing capacity of steel scrap is expected to exceed 180 million mt, with a 15% share of EAF steelmaking by 2030. The figure below shows the total EAF production capacity from 2023 to 2030 (99 MT EAF capacity) by region in the nation. It further indicates that South and East China will hold 55% of the new EAF capacity.