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汽车复合材料市场 - 2024 年至 2029 年预测Automotive Composites Market - Forecasts from 2024 to 2029 |
汽车复合材料市场预计将以11.04%的复合年增长率成长,市场规模从2024年的89.43亿美元增至2029年的152.31亿美元。
汽车复合材料是轻质緻密材料,主要用于卡车和汽车的引擎盖和内装。复合材料是减轻车辆重量的首选材料,因此被用于许多内部和外部应用。复合材料由于其优异的尺寸稳定性,近年来在汽车领域受到青睐。复合材料因其形状保持性、热膨胀係数低、干燥和潮湿条件下的耐腐蚀性能、製造便利性以及减轻车辆总质量的轻质而成为理想的材料。
汽车复合材料市场驱动因素
与钢、铁、铝等传统结构金属材料相比,复合材料玻璃纤维可减重15-20%,碳纤维复合材料可减重25-40%。此外,欧盟成员国已经制定了许多官民合作关係计划,以促进复合材料在汽车领域的使用。复合材料和汽车轻量材料创新丛集的创建,以及与汽车和化学工业的合作,透过对汽车碳纤维复合材料市场的供应链分析来支持投资,都是此类努力的例子。
几位专家表示,透过车辆减重措施减轻每公斤重量,电动车的价格更高。典型的内燃机汽车每公斤重量只能节省 2 至 3 美元,而电动车每公斤可节省 7 至 8 美元。在传统驾驶週期中,汽车在加速过程中会浪费大量能量。然而,使用煞车能量再生也可以回收更多的动能。对于电动车而言,减轻车辆重量可以在不影响电池容量的情况下保持行驶里程。这不仅减少了电动车的车辆重量(包括电池),也减少了其他系统导致的车辆总重量。例如,在煞车系统和动力传动系统中,在系统设计中额外使用回程环路也可以实现车辆中其他系统的小型化。内燃机汽车重量更轻,但传动系统具有相同的功率和扭矩,从而可以减少污染并提高性能。
近年来,对能够提高燃油效率同时减少温室气体排放的轻量材料的需求逐渐增加。玻璃纤维复合材料因其比碳纤维或天然纤维复合材料便宜而广泛应用于汽车产业。此外,天然纤维复合材料还可用于製造引擎盖、储存槽和仪表板等车身部件,从而减少钢材等其他金属的使用。
汽车复合材料的汽车外部应用包括头灯、隔热罩等。许多汽车製造商同样关注车身部件的复合材料。例如,最近的研究表明,增强热塑性塑胶可能是下一个大浪潮。 BMW i3 是世界上第一款使用热塑性复合材料外观的量产车。汽车行业越来越多地在汽车内饰件中使用天然复合材料来代替玻璃纤维作为减轻重量的解决方案。
汽车复合材料市场限制因素
汽车复合材料市场比回收金属材料面临更困难的回收挑战。这是因为纤维增强部件通常使用金属紧固件与其他部件连接。主要挑战是拆卸、分离和拆卸汽车零件进行回收的复杂性。此外,即使可以分离零件,也很难从复合材料中分离单一材料。由于复合材料是由混合物材料製成的,因此无法回收或熔化。因此,市场受到管理塑胶和复合材料行业的各种回收法规及其低效率回收程序的阻碍。
汽车复合材料市场的地域展望
亚太地区是最大、成长最快的地区,特别是中国、印度和泰国持有最多的汽车数量。此外,印度、印尼、泰国和中国预计将成为道路上车辆数量最多的国家,也是最大的四轮汽车市场,从而刺激市场扩张。根据印度品牌股权基金会(IBEF)统计,2023 年 7 月总合生产了 2.08 辆汽车、三轮车、两轮车和四轮车,预计这一趋势将在未来十年持续下去。此外,世界上最大的供应商正在转向亚洲以增加利润。为了满足不断增长的需求,全球主要汽车製造商纷纷在印度设立汽车工厂,促进汽车复合材料的销售。
The automotive composites market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 11.04%, reaching a market size of US$15.231 billion in 2029 from US$8.943 billion in 2024.
Automotive composites are light and compact materials mainly employed under the hood and in the interiors of trucks, cars, and other vehicles. Composites are employed for numerous interior and exterior applications because they are favoured materials for weight reduction in autos. Because of their outstanding dimensional stability, composite materials have become more prevalent in the automotive sector in recent years. Composites are desirable materials because of their shape retention, low coefficient of thermal expansion, corrosion resistance for performance in dry and wet situations, convenience of manufacturing, & low weight to reduce overall vehicle mass.
Automotive Composites Market Drivers
Compared to traditional structural metallic materials such as steel, iron, and aluminium, composites offer weight reduction benefits of 15-20% for glass fibre and 25-40% for carbon fibre composites. Moreover, many public-private partnership programs in EU member states have already been developed to boost the use of composites in the automotive sector. The creation of composites and automotive lightweight materials innovation clusters, and collaborations with the automotive and chemical industries to support the investment through supply chain analysis of the automotive carbon fibre composites market, are examples of such initiatives.
According to several experts, electric vehicles will allow for higher prices per kilo of weight saved in vehicle weight reduction measures. Typical IC engine automobiles can only afford to spend a couple of dollars for each kilogram of weight saved, whereas electric vehicles can save 7-8 dollars per kilogram. Cars waste a lot more energy while accelerating according to the conventional driving cycles. However, they can also recuperate more kinetic energy using brake energy recovery. With respect to electric vehicles, a reduction in body mass would help maintain the range without affecting battery capacity. This decreases both electric vehicle body weights (including batteries) and overall vehicle weights through reductions induced by other systems. For instance, in the braking system and power train, if an additional Wayback loop is used in system design, it would also allow for downsizing other systems in the vehicle. ICE vehicles have been able to reduce pollution and improve performance due to reduced weight at the same power and torque of the drivetrain.
The requirement for lighter-weight materials that can enhance fuel mileage while reducing greenhouse gases has grown progressively over the past few years. Glass fibre composites are widely employed in the automotive industry since they are less expensive than carbon and natural fibre composites. Furthermore, natural fibre composites are used to make vehicle body sections like engine hoods, storage tanks, and dashboards, reducing the use of other metals like steel.
Exterior automobile applications for automotive composites include headlamps, heat shielding components, and more. Many automakers are likewise emphasizing composites in their vehicle bodywork. For example, recent research indicates that reinforced thermoplastics could become the next big wave. The BMW i3 is the world's first mass-produced automobile with a thermoplastic composite exterior element. As an alternative to glass fibre as a lightweight solution, the automobile industry is increasingly adopting natural composites in the interior portions of vehicles.
Automotive Composites Market Restraints
The market for automotive composites presents more difficult recycling challenges than recycling for metallic materials. This is because the fibre reinforcement components are frequently joined to the other components, for example, by metal fasteners. The main challenge is the intricacy of disassembling, separating, and de-bonding automotive components for recycling. Moreover, separating individual materials from the composite is challenging, even if the parts can be split apart. This is because composites are made up of a mixture of materials and cannot be recycled or melted down. Hence, the market is being hampered by the different recycling regulations governing the plastic and composites industries and their inefficient recycling procedure.
Automotive Composites Market Geographical Outlook
Due to the highest number of automobiles present, particularly in China, India, and Thailand, Asia Pacific is the largest and fastest-growing region. Furthermore, India, Indonesia, Thailand, and China are predicted to have the greatest number of cars on the road and the largest markets for four-wheelers, fueling the market's expansion. As per the India Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF), in July 2023, 2.08 units of passenger vehicles, three-wheelers, two-wheelers, and quadricycles were produced in total, a trend expected to continue in the future decade. In addition, the biggest suppliers worldwide seek to Asia in a bid to increase their profits. To meet increasing demand, some of the largest automakers on the planet are setting up car plants in India, thus boosting the nation's automotive composites sales.