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市场调查报告书
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1603583

空调管道市场报告:2030 年趋势、预测与竞争分析

Pipes for Air Conditioning Market Report: Trends, Forecast and Competitive Analysis to 2030

出版日期: | 出版商: Lucintel | 英文 150 Pages | 商品交期: 3个工作天内

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简介目录

空调管材发展趋势及预测

全球空调管道市场未来性,乘用车和商用车市场蕴藏机会。预计2024年至2030年全球空调管道市场将以6.2%的复合年增长率成长。该市场的主要驱动力是建筑业的成长,特别是在新兴经济体和都市区,对节能空调系统的需求不断增加,以及暖气、通风和空调 (HVAC) 技术的持续进步。

  • Lucintel 预测,按类型划分,高压管道预计将在预测期内实现最高成长。
  • 从用途来看,乘用车预计将呈现较高成长。
  • 从地区来看,亚太地区预计将在预测期内实现最高成长。

空调管道市场的策略性成长机会

在该市场运营的公司的主要策略机会是:

  • 拓展新兴市场:东南亚、非洲、拉丁美洲等新兴国家由于市场对冷却设备的需求不断增长,具有巨大的成长潜力。都市化的加速和收入水准的提高导致对冷却设备的需求不断增长。公司可以利用这一点,建立当地工厂并与区域经销商合作,提供满足这些市场特定规格的产品。
  • 环保节能产品创新:环保节能空调管道的开发与行销存在战略机会。随着世界越来越意识到环境问题,消费者和企业正在寻找能够减少能源消费量和对环境影响较小的产品。在这一领域进行创新的公司可以透过符合绿色建筑规范和能源效率指南的解决方案来使自己脱颖而出。这包括使用天然冷媒或由可回收材料製成的管道。
  • 投资智慧连网型技术:智慧建筑和物联网技术的出现提供了将智慧功能整合到空调管道中的机会。公司可以製造具有感测器和连接选项的智慧管道,使他们能够监控系统性能、诊断问题并优化能源使用。这使您可以透过提供预测性维护和电源管理等付加服务来为客户付加价值,从而提高客户满意度和忠诚度。
  • 专注于绿色维修和重建计划:随着世界各地许多建筑物进行维修以提高能源效率并遵守新的环境法规,现有的暖通空调系统正在采用现代、节能的方式进行改造,对管道的维修需求日益增长。公司可以透过提供针对维修计划的产品和服务来瞄准这一市场。这包括开发灵活、易于安装的管道解决方案,最大限度地减少安装中断并最大限度地节省能源。
  • 个人化系统和模组:对客製化模组化空调系统的需求不断增加,特别是在商业和工业应用中。该公司看到了根据独特的建筑布局、冷负荷、美观要求和其他客户特定需求提供客製化管道解决方案的潜力。此外,随着时间的推移而不断发展的企业需要能够灵活使用空间的模组化解决方案。

新兴市场、绿色创新、智慧技术、维修计划和客製化解决方案是空调管道市场的一些关键策略成长机会。如果企业抓住这些机会,就可以获得竞争优势并进一步开拓市场。

空调管市场的驱动因素与挑战

空调管道市场对于在住宅、商业和工业环境中提供高效的空调系统基础设施至关重要。这些管道对于有效传输冷媒和确保最佳冷却性能至关重要。

推动空调管道市场的因素有:

  • 1.暖通空调系统的需求不断增加:对暖通空调系统的需求不断增加:全球气温上升、都市化和生活水准的提高是推动暖通空调系统需求成长的一些因素。这种趋势在非洲快速成长的地区已经显现出来,那里的空调需求成长最快。建设产业的蓬勃发展也带动了对空调管道的需求。
  • 2.技术进步:材料和製造技术的创新有助于提高空调管道技术的性能效率。铜铝混合材料、智慧管道技术和改进的绝缘解决方案等先进材料透过提供更好的热性能和节能能力正在推动市场发展。
  • 3. 监管推动能源效率:政府法规要求暖通空调系统制定严格的能源效率标准。如今,世界各国政府减缓气候变迁的努力需要开发先进的材料和方法,以减少空调系统对环境的影响和能源消耗。
  • 4.对室内空气品质的日益关注:人们对室内空气品质和健康暖通空调系统的认识不断增强,正在推动市场发展。高效的室内舒适度和避免污染对于维持居住者的健康至关重要。

空调管市场面临的挑战是:

  • 5.初始成本高:先进的管材和技术往往初始成本较高。这可能成为成本敏感市场的障碍,并阻碍创新解决方案的采用。公司必须平衡成本和性能以满足市场需求。
  • 6. 供应链中断:供应链中断可能会影响铜和铝等原料的供应和价格。原物料可得性和价格的差异会影响生产成本和前置作业时间,给製造商带来困难。
  • 7.安装要求复杂:高级空调管道的安装,尤其是维修,需要熟练的工人。因此,有能力的员工队伍是确保正确安装、实现更持久、更有效率的系统的关键。
  • 8. 法规遵循和标准:应对 HVAC 系统复杂的法规要求和标准对企业来说可能是一个挑战。为了实现这一目标,公司必须进行研究和开发活动,以确保其产品符合国家和全球标准,这会消耗大量的时间和资源。

空调管道市场受到不断增长的需求、技术进步、监管压力和对室内空气品质的关注的推动,同时面临高成本、供应链问题、复杂的安装和监管合规性的挑战。参与企业要想在竞争如此激烈的市场中取得成功,就必须应对这些挑战。

目录

第一章执行摘要

第二章全球空调管市场:市场动态

  • 简介、背景、分类
  • 供应链
  • 产业驱动因素与挑战

第三章 2018-2030年市场趋势及预测分析

  • 宏观经济趋势(2018-2023)与预测(2024-2030)
  • 全球空调管市场趋势(2018-2023)及预测(2024-2030)
  • 全球空调管市场(按类型)
    • 高压管
    • 低压管
  • 按应用分類的全球空调管道市场
    • 商用车
    • 客车

第四章 2018-2030年区域市场趋势及预测分析

  • 全球空调管道市场按地区划分
  • 北美空调管市场
  • 欧洲空调管市场
  • 亚太空调管市场
  • 其他地区空调管市场

第五章 竞争分析

  • 产品系列分析
  • 业务整合
  • 波特五力分析

第六章 成长机会与策略分析

  • 成长机会分析
    • 按类型分類的全球空调管市场成长机会
    • 全球空调管市场成长机会(按应用)
    • 全球空调管市场按地区成长机会
  • 全球空调管市场新趋势
  • 战略分析
    • 新产品开发
    • 全球空调管市场扩大产能
    • 全球空调管道市场併购及合资
    • 认证和许可

第七章主要企业概况

  • Denso Corporation
  • Air International Group
  • Hanon Systems
  • Mahle
  • Valeo
  • Calsonic Kansei
  • Sumitomo Electric Industries
  • Continental
  • Eaton
  • TI Fluid Systems
简介目录

Pipes for Air Conditioning Trends and Forecast

The future of the global pipes for air conditioning market looks promising with opportunities in the passenger car and commercial vehicle markets. The global pipes for air conditioning market is expected to grow with a CAGR of 6.2% from 2024 to 2030. The major drivers for this market are the growth of the construction industry, particularly in developing economies and urban areas, growing demand for energy-efficient air conditioning systems, and ongoing advancements in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) technology.

  • Lucintel forecasts that, within the type category, high-pressure pipe is expected to witness higher growth over the forecast period.
  • Within the application category, passenger car is expected to witness a higher growth.
  • In terms of regions, APAC is expected to witness the highest growth over the forecast period.

Gain valuable insights for your business decisions with our comprehensive 150+ page report.

Emerging Trends in the Pipes for Air Conditioning Market

Emerging trends in the pipes for air conditioning market are shaping its future applications and market dynamics. Some of these trends include:

  • Eco-friendly Materials and Refrigerants: One major trend in this market is the move towards eco-friendly materials and refrigerants. With increasing environmental concerns and more stringent regulations, manufacturers have developed pipes that can work with natural refrigerants such as CO2 or hydrocarbons. These substances not only help reduce environmental impact but also comply with global standards for ozone depletion and global warming potential.
  • Advanced Insulation Technologies: Advanced insulation materials and technologies are becoming more common. Innovations, such as aerogel insulation or vacuum-insulated panels, enhance the thermal efficiency of air-conditioning pipes, leading to lower energy consumption and improved system performance. Efficient insulation is crucial for maintaining indoor comfort, particularly in regions experiencing extreme climatic conditions; hence, these technologies have been used extensively.
  • Miniaturization and Space-saving Designs: The compactness and space-saving requirements of air conditioning systems have necessitated a demand for miniaturized/flexible piping solutions. Thinner, flexible pipes that can be passed through tight spaces are being developed by manufacturers, which conform well to modern building designs as well as retrofits. This trend also aligns with the growing use of ductless/split-type air conditioners since they are easy to install.
  • Smart Integrated HVAC Systems: The design and functionality of air conditioning pipes are being influenced by the integration of smart technologies into HVAC systems. Smart pipes equipped with sensors monitor temperature, pressure, and flow rates at any given time, providing valuable data on optimizing system performance and maintenance. This is part of a wider phenomenon tied to smart homes and IoT-enabled infrastructure, which ensures better control over operations, thereby enhancing energy efficiency levels while cutting down on costs.
  • Increased Use of Composite Materials: The market has seen an upsurge in the usage of composite materials such as fiber-reinforced polymers. These materials combine strength, durability, and light weight, making them ideal for various applications. Besides being corrosion- and chemical-resistant, composite pipes also improve the longevity of air conditioning systems and eventually reduce maintenance costs.

To sum up, the pipes for air conditioning market is constantly evolving through trends such as eco-friendly materials, advanced insulation technologies, miniaturization, smart systems, and the use of composite materials that enhance efficiency, sustainability, and versatility in the HVAC industry.

Recent Developments in the Pipes for Air Conditioning Market

Ongoing innovations and advancements in the pipes for air conditioning market have been highlighted by recent developments:

  • Development of High-performance Copper-Aluminum Pipes: A notable development is the introduction of copper-aluminum hybrid pipes to this market. These pipes combine copper's excellent thermal conductivity with aluminum's light weight and cost-effectiveness. The hybrid design cuts down on material costs while enhancing heat exchange, thereby increasing the efficiency of air conditioning systems. This innovation is especially beneficial in regions where efficient cooling solutions are highly needed, as it strikes a balance between performance and cost.
  • Introduction of Advanced Insulation Technologies: Recent advancements include the adoption of cutting-edge insulation technologies like aerogel insulation or vacuum-insulated panels. These materials minimize energy losses by effectively preventing thermal bridging in air conditioning systems. They are particularly important for making energy-efficient buildings, as they minimize thermal bridging. Additionally, these technologies contribute immensely to the overall sustainability of HVAC systems through reduced energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.
  • Eco-friendly and Sustainable Materials: There is a trend of using eco-friendly materials in the production of air conditioning pipes. Manufacturers are increasingly using recyclable metals such as aluminum and biodegradable polymers. Regulatory requirements and consumer demand for environmentally friendly products are driving this shift. This trend aligns with worldwide campaigns to reduce the carbon footprint of building materials and promote green building.
  • Advancements in Smart Piping Solutions: The integration of smart technologies into piping systems is an important development. Smart pipes fitted with sensors and IoT capabilities can continually monitor system conditions such as temperature, pressure, and flow rates. The information can be used to optimize system performance, detect leaks ahead of time, and proactively schedule maintenance. The implementation of smart piping solutions enhances the efficiency and reliability of air conditioning systems, aligning with the wider smart building technology trend.

There have been significant developments in the fields of material science, technology, and production processes concerning pipes for air conditioning. This progress has been instrumental in improving energy efficiency, making pipes environmentally acceptable while ensuring their satisfactory functioning within the HVAC sector's changing dynamics.

Strategic Growth Opportunities for Pipes for Air Conditioning Market

Key strategic opportunities for companies operating in this market include:

  • Expansion into Emerging Markets: In emerging economies, such as Southeast Asia, Africa, and Latin America, there is great potential for growth driven by rising demand in markets requiring cooling equipment. The growing urbanization process, along with higher income levels, contributes to an increasing need for cooling appliances. Companies can take advantage of this by establishing local factories, partnering with distributors from the region, and offering products that meet the unique specifications of these markets.
  • Innovation in Eco-friendly and Energy-efficient Products: There is a strategic opportunity in developing and marketing eco-friendly and energy-efficient air conditioning pipes. As global awareness of environmental issues increases, consumers and businesses are seeking products that reduce energy consumption and have a lower environmental impact. Companies that innovate in this area can distinguish themselves through solutions that adhere to green building codes as well as energy efficiency guidelines. These include pipes working with natural refrigerants or those made from recyclable materials.
  • Investment in Smart and Connected Technologies: The advent of smart buildings and IoT technologies provides an opportunity for integrating smart features into air conditioning pipes. Companies may produce smart pipes equipped with sensors and connectivity options, enabling system performance monitoring, diagnosing problems, and optimizing energy use. This will add value to clients by providing extra services like predictive maintenance and power management, resulting in improved customer satisfaction and loyalty.
  • Focus on Green Retrofits and Renovation Projects: As many buildings worldwide undergo renovations to make them more energy-efficient and comply with new environmental regulations, there is an increasing need for retrofitting existing HVAC systems with modern pipes that are energy-efficient. Companies can target this market by offering specialized products and services for retrofitting projects. This includes developing flexible and easy-to-install piping solutions that minimize disruption during installation and maximize energy savings.
  • Personalized Systems and Modules: The demand for customized and modular air conditioning systems is rising, especially in commercial and industrial applications. Companies may find potential in providing tailor-made piping solutions based on unique building layouts, cooling loads, aesthetic requirements, and other customer-specific needs. Furthermore, businesses that grow over time require modular solutions that allow for flexible space usage.

Emerging markets, eco-friendly innovations, smart technologies, retrofitting projects, and customized solutions represent several key strategic growth opportunities in the pipes for air conditioning market. If companies seize these opportunities, they will gain a competitive edge, resulting in the further development of the market.

Pipes for Air Conditioning Market Driver and Challenges

The pipes for air conditioning market is essential in providing the infrastructure for efficient air conditioning systems in residential, commercial, and industrial settings. These pipes are crucial for the effective transfer of refrigerants, ensuring optimal cooling performance.

The factors responsible for driving the pipes for air conditioning market include:

  • 1. Rising Demand for HVAC Systems: Global temperature rise, urbanization, and improved living standards are some of the factors pushing up demand for HVAC systems. In fast-growing regions of Africa, where the need for air conditioning is growing most rapidly, we have seen this trend taking place. The construction industry boom has also boosted demand for air conditioners' pipes.
  • 2. Technological Advancements: Innovations in materials and manufacturing techniques help to boost the performance efficiency of AC piping technology. Advanced materials such as copper-aluminum hybrids, smart piping technologies, and improved insulation solutions drive the market by providing better thermal performance and enhanced energy-saving capabilities.
  • 3. Regulatory Push for Energy Efficiency: Government regulations are demanding stringent energy efficiency standards from HVAC systems. Today's climate change mitigation efforts by governments around the globe have made it necessary to develop advanced materials or practices that reduce environmental impact and energy consumption in air conditioning systems.
  • 4. Growing Focus on Indoor Air Quality: The market is driven by increasing awareness of indoor air quality and healthy HVAC systems. Efficient indoor comfort and avoidance of contamination are crucial for maintaining occupants' well-being.

Challenges in the pipes for air conditioning market are:

  • 5. High Initial Costs: Advanced piping materials and technologies often have high initial costs. This can act as a barrier in cost-sensitive markets and hamper the adoption of innovative solutions. Companies must balance cost with performance to meet market needs.
  • 6. Supply Chain Disruptions: Supply chain disruptions may affect both the availability and price of raw materials such as copper or aluminum. Inconsistencies in the availability and price of raw materials have implications for production costs and lead times, making it difficult for manufacturers.
  • 7. Complex Installation Requirements: Installing advanced air-conditioning pipes, especially during retrofits, requires skilled labor. Therefore, a competent labor force is key to ensuring that installations are done correctly, leading to long-lasting, more efficient systems.
  • 8. Regulatory Compliance and Standards: Navigating through intricate regulatory requirements and standards for HVAC systems can be daunting for companies. To achieve this, they must engage in research and development activities that ensure their products meet both local and global standards, which consumes substantial time and resources.

While the pipes for air conditioning market is driven by rising demand, technological advancements, regulatory pressure, and a focus on indoor air quality, it faces challenges related to high costs, supply chain issues, complex installations, and regulatory compliance. For participants in this industry to succeed in such a competitive market, they must address these challenges.

List of Pipes for Air Conditioning Companies

Companies in the market compete on the basis of product quality offered. Major players in this market focus on expanding their manufacturing facilities, R&D investments, infrastructural development, and leverage integration opportunities across the value chain. With these strategies pipes for air conditioning companies cater increasing demand, ensure competitive effectiveness, develop innovative products & technologies, reduce production costs, and expand their customer base. Some of the pipes for air conditioning companies profiled in this report include-

  • Denso Corporation
  • Air International Group
  • Hanon Systems
  • Mahle
  • Valeo
  • Calsonic Kansei
  • Sumitomo Electric Industries
  • Continental
  • Eaton
  • TI Fluid Systems

Pipes for Air Conditioning by Segment

The study includes a forecast for the global pipes for air conditioning by type, application, and region.

Pipes for Air Conditioning Market by Type [Analysis by Value from 2018 to 2030]:

  • High Pressure Pipe
  • Low Pressure Pipe

Pipes for Air Conditioning Market by Application [Analysis by Value from 2018 to 2030]:

  • Commercial Vehicle
  • Passenger Car

Pipes for Air Conditioning Market by Region [Shipment Analysis by Value from 2018 to 2030]:

  • North America
  • Europe
  • Asia Pacific
  • The Rest of the World

Country Wise Outlook for the Pipes for Air Conditioning Market

Major players in the market are expanding their operations and forming strategic partnerships to strengthen their positions. The following highlights recent developments by major producers of pipes for air conditioning in key regions: the USA, China, India, Japan, and Germany.

  • United States: The U.S. market for air conditioning pipes has witnessed an increasing use of eco-friendly materials and refrigerants due to stricter environmental regulations. Some developments include the manufacture of high-performance copper-aluminum hybrid pipes that combine copper's higher thermal efficiency and more expensive cost with aluminum's cheaper solution costs. There have also been advancements in manufacturing technologies like 3D printing, employed in making complex pipe designs that reduce production costs and enhance efficiency.
  • China: The growth rate of China's air conditioning pipes market is directly related to the boom in construction activities and the demand for energy-efficient HVAC systems. Recent trends involve a transition towards using aluminum tubes, which are lightweight and cost-effective. Additionally, advanced insulation techniques, such as improved pipe coatings, are being adopted by Chinese manufacturers to improve durability and efficiency. Furthermore, there is a push from the government to minimize carbon emissions by adopting environmentally friendly refrigerants and materials.
  • Germany: Germany's market for air conditioning tubes stands out due to its focus on quality materials and precision engineering. In recent years, stainless steel tubes have gained popularity, especially among industrial customers, because they are resistant to corrosion and highly durable. German companies also lead in the development of innovative insulation materials and heat-resistant coatings that make AC units more efficient. These factors have contributed to an increased use of recyclable and environmentally friendly materials as part of the sustainability/energy drive.
  • India: The Indian market for air conditioning pipes is growing due to urbanization and the increasing middle-class population. Copper tubes are increasingly being used because they have better heat conductivity and are durable at high temperatures. Additionally, Indian manufacturers are exploring cost-effective options such as PEX or composite pipes for the low-cost market segment. Furthermore, energy efficiency has become one of the essential criteria in selecting air conditioners, encouraging the development of advanced insulation technology that will reduce electricity consumption during cooling.
  • Japan: Japan's market for air conditioning pipes is characterized by advanced technology and high-quality standards. Recently, lightweight and high-strength aluminum pipes have been adopted, offering a good balance between affordability and performance. Japanese firms focus on research aimed at increasing the efficiency of refrigerants and insulation materials. As a result, pipe designs have evolved, including the advent of thinner, flexible types that can be easily embedded in different structures thanks to compact and efficient HVAC systems.

Features of the Global Pipes for Air Conditioning Market
Market Size Estimates: Pipes for air conditioning market size estimation in terms of value ($B).
Trend and Forecast Analysis: Market trends (2018 to 2023) and forecast (2024 to 2030) by various segments and regions.
Segmentation Analysis: Pipes for air conditioning market size by type, application, and region in terms of value ($B).
Regional Analysis: Pipes for air conditioning market breakdown by North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Rest of the World.
Growth Opportunities: Analysis of growth opportunities in different type, application, and regions for the pipes for air conditioning market.
Strategic Analysis: This includes M&A, new product development, and competitive landscape of the pipes for air conditioning market.
Analysis of competitive intensity of the industry based on Porter's Five Forces model.
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This report answers following 11 key questions:

  • Q.1. What are some of the most promising, high-growth opportunities for the pipes for air conditioning market by type (high pressure pipe and low pressure pipe), application (commercial vehicle and passenger car), and region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Rest of the World)?
  • Q.2. Which segments will grow at a faster pace and why?
  • Q.3. Which region will grow at a faster pace and why?
  • Q.4. What are the key factors affecting market dynamics? What are the key challenges and business risks in this market?
  • Q.5. What are the business risks and competitive threats in this market?
  • Q.6. What are the emerging trends in this market and the reasons behind them?
  • Q.7. What are some of the changing demands of customers in the market?
  • Q.8. What are the new developments in the market? Which companies are leading these developments?
  • Q.9. Who are the major players in this market? What strategic initiatives are key players pursuing for business growth?
  • Q.10. What are some of the competing products in this market and how big of a threat do they pose for loss of market share by material or product substitution?
  • Q.11. What M&A activity has occurred in the last 5 years and what has its impact been on the industry?

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

2. Global Pipes for Air Conditioning Market : Market Dynamics

  • 2.1: Introduction, Background, and Classifications
  • 2.2: Supply Chain
  • 2.3: Industry Drivers and Challenges

3. Market Trends and Forecast Analysis from 2018 to 2030

  • 3.1. Macroeconomic Trends (2018-2023) and Forecast (2024-2030)
  • 3.2. Global Pipes for Air Conditioning Market Trends (2018-2023) and Forecast (2024-2030)
  • 3.3: Global Pipes for Air Conditioning Market by Type
    • 3.3.1: High Pressure Pipe
    • 3.3.2: Low Pressure Pipe
  • 3.4: Global Pipes for Air Conditioning Market by Application
    • 3.4.1: Commercial Vehicle
    • 3.4.2: Passenger Car

4. Market Trends and Forecast Analysis by Region from 2018 to 2030

  • 4.1: Global Pipes for Air Conditioning Market by Region
  • 4.2: North American Pipes for Air Conditioning Market
    • 4.2.1: North American Market by Type: High Pressure Pipe and Low Pressure Pipe
    • 4.2.2: North American Market by Application: Commercial Vehicle and Passenger Car
  • 4.3: European Pipes for Air Conditioning Market
    • 4.3.1: European Market by Type: High Pressure Pipe and Low Pressure Pipe
    • 4.3.2: European Market by Application: Commercial Vehicle and Passenger Car
  • 4.4: APAC Pipes for Air Conditioning Market
    • 4.4.1: APAC Market by Type: High Pressure Pipe and Low Pressure Pipe
    • 4.4.2: APAC Market by Application: Commercial Vehicle and Passenger Car
  • 4.5: ROW Pipes for Air Conditioning Market
    • 4.5.1: ROW Market by Type: High Pressure Pipe and Low Pressure Pipe
    • 4.5.2: ROW Market by Application: Commercial Vehicle and Passenger Car

5. Competitor Analysis

  • 5.1: Product Portfolio Analysis
  • 5.2: Operational Integration
  • 5.3: Porter's Five Forces Analysis

6. Growth Opportunities and Strategic Analysis

  • 6.1: Growth Opportunity Analysis
    • 6.1.1: Growth Opportunities for the Global Pipes for Air Conditioning Market by Type
    • 6.1.2: Growth Opportunities for the Global Pipes for Air Conditioning Market by Application
    • 6.1.3: Growth Opportunities for the Global Pipes for Air Conditioning Market by Region
  • 6.2: Emerging Trends in the Global Pipes for Air Conditioning Market
  • 6.3: Strategic Analysis
    • 6.3.1: New Product Development
    • 6.3.2: Capacity Expansion of the Global Pipes for Air Conditioning Market
    • 6.3.3: Mergers, Acquisitions, and Joint Ventures in the Global Pipes for Air Conditioning Market
    • 6.3.4: Certification and Licensing

7. Company Profiles of Leading Players

  • 7.1: Denso Corporation
  • 7.2: Air International Group
  • 7.3: Hanon Systems
  • 7.4: Mahle
  • 7.5: Valeo
  • 7.6: Calsonic Kansei
  • 7.7: Sumitomo Electric Industries
  • 7.8: Continental
  • 7.9: Eaton
  • 7.10: TI Fluid Systems