全球 3 级自动驾驶汽车市场（按地区划分）（亚太地区、北美、欧洲）- 预测至 2035 年

预计 3 级自动驾驶汽车的市场规模将从 2025 年的 29.1 万辆增长到 2035 年的 870 万辆，复合年增长率为 40.5%。

3 级自动驾驶是自动驾驶汽车整体蓝图中的重要里程碑。虽然 1 级和 2 级自动驾驶能力在全球大多数国家已经普及，但 3 级自动驾驶的发展相对缓慢。 1 级和 2 级自动驾驶主要受监管标准驱动，这些标准要求车辆配备先进的主动式安全和被动安全系统，并辅以感测硬体和软体演算法的进步。另一方面，3 级自动驾驶面临强大可靠的自动驾驶套件以及监管机构不愿在公共道路上部署 3 级自动驾驶汽车的挑战。造成这种差距的原因在于需要车辆系统（转向、煞车、车辆电气系统）具有卓越的可靠性，并且对于发生事故时谁应该负责缺乏明确规定，这可能会扼杀整个自动驾驶或无人驾驶的想法。

中国消费者普遍乐于接受先进的车辆功能，包括驾驶技术。中国消费者近期对 2+ 级和 3 级自动驾驶功能的兴趣日益浓厚。然而，安全问题仍然是一个重大挑战。中国汽车媒体最近的报导表明，消费者对 3 级自动驾驶功能的兴趣浓厚，尤其是在年轻且精通技术的消费者群体中，但大多数主流消费者仍然持谨慎态度。例如，在廉价电动车买家（约 10 万元人民币级别）的调查中，安全性一直是最大的顾虑。

比亚迪、小鹏汽车和蔚来等中国OEM最引人注目的策略是将先进的 2+ 级/3 级自动驾驶作为标配或低价功能捆绑销售，以保持竞争力。这项策略反映出，消费者越来越期待智慧驾驶功能作为基础，而非为此支付额外费用。中国消费者对 3 级技术持开放态度，尤其是在高端电动车领域，但他们也希望获得强有力的安全教育、示范和清晰的监管。

近年来，人们对软体定义汽车 (SDV) 的关注度迅速提升。 SDV 本质上基于下一代电子电气架构，为自动驾驶汽车提供了灵活且更强大的基础。更高的自动驾驶等级需要无缝整合感测器、运算晶片和互联互通，以提高可靠性。因此，开发可扩展和模组化的电子电气架构（例如区域式）是迈向更高自动驾驶等级的第一步。 2 级自动驾驶可以部署在传统架构上，因为对 OTA 更新、可扩展性和功能增强没有太多要求。 3 级自动驾驶汽车是真正自动驾驶汽车的基础，投资下一代架构是迈向自动驾驶出行和增加收益的最重要一步。这可以透过与一级供应商和高科技公司合作或自主开发来实现。特斯拉专注于自主开发作业系统和电子电气架构，而大众和梅赛德斯-奔驰等原始设备製造OEM采取了混合方式，既专注于自主开发，也与一级供应商/高科技公司合作。

北美（加州和内华达州）和欧洲（尤其是德国）在 3 级自动驾驶汽车市场处于领先地位。日本也已批准在公共道路上使用 3 级自动驾驶汽车，但由于本田仅生产了 100 辆，其使用受到限制。梅赛德斯-奔驰和宝马透过发布 3 级自动驾驶车型引领市场。紧随其后的是 Zeekr、小鹏、比亚迪、大众和现代等OEM，它们正在积极致力于开发 3 级自动驾驶汽车。随着 Zeekr 和小鹏等中国OEM计划推出 3 级自动驾驶汽车，预计未来 2-3 年这一成长势头将增强。值得注意的是，中国OEM正专注于为国内和国际市场进行大规模生产。比亚迪主要透过发布其 God's Eye 自动驾驶系统来引领这一趋势。因此，随着 3 级自动驾驶汽车进入最后的开发阶段，预计这些汽车将在中国快速成长。

本报告研究了全球 3 级自动驾驶汽车市场，提供了区域趋势和参与市场的公司概况。

目录

第一章 引言

第二章 3级自动驾驶简介

• ADAS 等级采用
• 3级自动驾驶

第三章市场概述

• 市场动态
  • 驱动程式
  • 任务
• ADAS规范和法规
  • 政府关于安全职责的规定
  • 对某些市场监管的怀疑
• 技术分析
  • 3阶自主硬体
  • 感测器融合技术实现3级自动驾驶
  • 5G连接在3级自动驾驶中的作用
• ADAS 和自动驾驶汽车的整个生态系统
• MNM 对下一代 ADAS 和自动驾驶汽车高性能晶片的洞察
  • ADAS运算单元
• MNM 对移动出行和卡车运输领域迈向 4 级自动驾驶的洞察
• 各地区消费者对 ADAS 的看法
  • 中国
  • 美国
  • EU
  • 印度
  • 韩国
  • 日本
  • 中东

第四章 3 级自动驾驶汽车市场估值

• 3级车辆的当前普及率
  • 3级自动驾驶汽车市场（按地区）
• 规则
  • 现有的自动驾驶区域法规
  • 区域 NCAP 法规
  • 区域法规结构

第五章 竞争态势

• OEM分析
  • 选择配备 2 级或更高级别 ADAS 系统的乘用车车型
  • 中国主要OEM提供的L2以上ADAS系统
  • 选择配备 2 级或更高级别 ADAS 系统的乘用车车型
  • 3 级 ADAS 套件比较
  • 3 级 ADAS 硬体组件比较
  • OEM计画开发 3 级 ADAS
• MNM分析L3 ADAS领域Tier1企业发展趋势
  • 目前 3 级 ADAS 的一级产品
  • 顶级第一线公司目前提供的晶片组
  • 3 级 ADAS 系统的生态系互连

第六章建议

• 对OEM的建议
  • 优先考虑可扩展和模组化的 E/E 架构
  • 感测器融合和冗余方面的差异化投资
  • 与一级/晶片组製造商建立策略伙伴关係
  • 关注特定用例和区域赔率
  • 提供灵活的收益模式
  • 确保与监管机构的合作
• 对一级公司的建议
  • 专注于开发相容 3 级的感测器套件
  • 感测器融合与运算平台封装集成
  • 关注OEM的软体定义汽车 (SDV) 需求
  • 专注于本地服务

The level 3 autonomous vehicles market is projected to grow from 291 thousand units in 2025 to 8.7 million units by 2035 at a CAGR of 40.5%.

Level 3 autonomy is an essential milestone in the overall roadmap for autonomous vehicles. While level 1 and 2 autonomous features have become prevalent in most countries worldwide, level 3 autonomy is picking up relatively slowly. Level 1 & 2 autonomy is primarily driven by the regulatory norms requiring advanced active and passive safety systems in the vehicles complemented by advancements in sensing hardware and software algorithms. On the other hand, level 3 autonomy faces challenges from robust and reliable autonomous suites and the regulatory side, which is reluctant to deploy level 3 autonomous vehicles on public roads. The reason for this gap is the need for exceptional reliability from the vehicle systems (steering, braking, and vehicle electrical system) and uncertainty on the liability of any mishap, potentially scrapping the entire idea of autonomous and automated driving.

"Consumer confidence across China and the Middle East to open opportunities for OEMs planning to launch level 3 autonomous vehicles"

Chinese consumers are generally open about adopting advanced vehicle features, including driving technologies. Consumers in China have recently shown a rising interest in Level 2+ and Level 3 features. However, safety concerns are still a major challenge. Recent reports from Chinese automotive media state that while interest in level 3 features is strong-especially among younger, tech-savvy buyers-most mainstream consumers remain cautious. For example, in surveys of budget EV buyers (~100,000 RMB class), safety consistently ranked as the most considerable hesitation.

The most notable strategy of Chinese OEMs like BYD, Xpeng, and NIO is bundling advanced level 2+/level 3 autonomy as standard or low-cost features to stay competitive. This strategy reflects a market where consumers increasingly expect smart-driving features as a baseline-rather than paying a premium. Chinese consumers are open to level 3 tech, especially in higher-end EVs, but demand strong safety training, demos, and regulatory clarity.

"Prioritizing scalable & modular E/E architecture development to emerge as the key to faster shift to autonomous vehicles"

Recent years have witnessed rapid attention toward software-defined vehicles, which essentially are based on next-gen E/E architecture that forms the basis of a flexible and more powerful foundation for autonomous vehicles. Higher autonomy levels require seamless sensors, computing chips, and connectivity integration for better reliability. Thus, developing scalable and modular E/E architecture (such as zonal) becomes the first step for higher autonomy levels. Level 2 autonomy can be deployed upon conventional architectures as they do not have primary requirements around OTA updates, scalability, and feature enhancement. With level 3 autonomous vehicles being the foundation of truly autonomous vehicles, investing in next-gen architecture is the most crucial step towards autonomous mobility and additional revenues. This can be achieved through partnerships with Tier I & tech companies or in-house development. While Tesla is more focused on in-house development of OS and E/E architecture, OEMs such as Volkswagen, Mercedes-Benz, and others are taking a hybrid approach with a major focus on in-house development and also through partnership with Tier I/tech companies.

"Asia Pacific is projected to demonstrate the fastest growth in the level 3 autonomous vehicles market during the forecast period."

North America (California & Nevada) and Europe (particularly Germany) are leading the level 3 autonomous vehicles market as these are the only markets with level 3 driving deployment and approval. While Japan also allows using level 3 autonomous vehicles on public roads, it has limited use due to Honda's production of only 100 vehicles. Mercedes-Benz and BMW are leading the market by launching their level 3 autonomous models. This is expected to be followed by OEMs such as Zeekr, Xpeng, BYD, Volkswagen, and Hyundai, with their aggressive efforts for level 3 autonomous vehicle development. This growth is expected to kickstart in the next 2-3 years as Chinese OEMs such as Zeekr, Xpeng, and others plan to launch level 3 autonomous vehicles. It should be noted that Chinese OEMs are focused on gaining mass volume in domestic and international markets. BYD primarily leads this trend by launching its God's Eye self-driving system. Thus, as the level 3 autonomous vehicle reaches the final development stage, rapid growth can be expected in the country for these vehicles.

In-depth interviews were conducted with CEOs, marketing directors, other innovation and technology directors, and executives from various key organizations operating in this market. Given below is the breakup of interviews:

• By Company Type: Tier I - 24%, Tier II - 67%, and Tier III - 9%
• By Designation: C-Level - 33%, Managers - 52%, and Executives - 15%
• By Region: North America - 26%, Europe - 30%, Asia Pacific - 35%, and ROW - 9%

Mercedes-Benz, BMW, and Honda currently dominate the level 3 autonomous market. Other major players expected to lead the market are Volkswagen, Stellantis, and Hyundai. Chinese OEMs such as BYD, Xpeng, and Zeekr are aggressively working on level 3 autonomous vehicle development, focusing on mass market share gain.

Research Coverage:

The report covers the level 3 autonomous vehicles market in terms of Region (North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific). It also covers the competitive assessment of the major OEMs operating in level 3 autonomous vehicles and other market ecosystem players such as Tier I and tech companies.

This report study includes an in-depth comparative analysis of the current offerings, their comparison with other players, focus areas, and plans.

Key Benefits of Buying the Report:

• The report will help market leaders/new entrants understand the ongoing developments in level 3 autonomous vehicles.
• This report will help stakeholders understand the current offerings and anticipated future plans of the OEMs & Tier I companies, along with separate analyses for global and Chinese players.
• The report will also help stakeholders understand the market pulse and provide information on key market drivers, challenges, and technology analysis.
• The report will also help stakeholders understand the current and future penetration trends of the level 3 autonomous vehicles.

The report provides insight into the following points:

• Analysis of key drivers (Need for improving sensing technologies, focus on positive consumer perception and government safety regulations on safety features mandate, and need for identifying strong potential from subscription packages revenues) and challenges (regulatory skepticism in select markets, lack of clarity on accident/mishap liability, issues with infrastructure readiness)
• Technology Analysis: Detailed insights into ongoing and upcoming technologies and research & development activities in the level 3 autonomous vehicles market
• Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of OEM offerings, plans, and strategic developments, analysis for Tier I companies operating in the level 3 autonomous vehicles market

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION

• 1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES
• 1.2 MARKET DEFINITION
  • 1.2.1 INCLUSIONS & EXCLUSIONS
• 1.3 YEARS CONSIDERED
• 1.4 UNIT CONSIDERED
• 1.5 KEY STAKEHOLDERS

2 INTRODUCTION TO LEVEL 3 AUTONOMY

• 2.1 INTRODUCTION OF ADAS LEVELS
• 2.2 LEVEL 3 AUTONOMY
  • 2.2.1 BASIC DIFFERENTIATION: LEVEL 1 VS. LEVEL 2/2.5 VS. LEVEL 3
  • 2.2.2 TECHNICAL COMPARISON: LEVEL 1 VS. LEVEL 2/2.5 VS. LEVEL 3
  • 2.2.3 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN LEVEL 1, 2, AND 3 ADAS
    • 2.2.3.1 Sensor suite evolution
    • 2.2.3.2 Compute and architecture
    • 2.2.3.3 Redundancy and safety

3 MARKET OVERVIEW

• 3.1 MARKET DYNAMICS
  • 3.1.1 DRIVERS
    • 3.1.1.1 Focus on improving sensing technologies
    • 3.1.1.2 Positive consumer perception on ADAS systems
    • 3.1.1.3 Popularity of subscription packages
  • 3.1.2 CHALLENGES
    • 3.1.2.1 Lack of clarity on accident/mishap liability
    • 3.1.2.2 Liability concerns for major stakeholders
    • 3.1.2.3 Issues concerning infrastructure readiness
    • 3.1.2.4 Infrastructure limitations in major countries
• 3.2 ADAS NORMS AND REGULATIONS
  • 3.2.1 GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS ON SAFETY MANDATES
    • 3.2.1.1 Regulatory norms mandating ADAS features
  • 3.2.2 REGULATORY SKEPTICISM IN SELECT MARKETS
    • 3.2.2.1 Regulatory norms for ADAS in select countries
• 3.3 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS
  • 3.3.1 LEVEL 3 AUTONOMY HARDWARE
  • 3.3.2 SENSOR FUSION TECHNOLOGY FOR LEVEL 3 AUTONOMY
    • 3.3.2.1 Deep learning-based sensor fusion
    • 3.3.2.2 Artificial intelligence for sensor fusion
  • 3.3.3 ROLE OF 5G CONNECTIVITY IN LEVEL 3 AUTONOMY
• 3.4 ECOSYSTEM FOR OVERALL ADAS AND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES
• 3.5 MNM INSIGHTS INTO HIGH-PERFORMANCE CHIPS POWERING NEXT-GEN ADAS AND AUTONOMY
  • 3.5.1 COMPUTING UNITS FOR ADAS APPLICATIONS
• 3.6 MNM INSIGHTS INTO ADVANCEMENTS TO LEVEL 4 AUTONOMY IN MOBILITY AND TRUCKING
• 3.7 CONSUMER PERCEPTION ON ADAS, BY REGION
  • 3.7.1 CHINA
  • 3.7.2 US
  • 3.7.3 EUROPEAN UNION
  • 3.7.4 INDIA
  • 3.7.5 SOUTH KOREA
  • 3.7.6 JAPAN
  • 3.7.7 MIDDLE EAST

4 LEVEL 3 AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES MARKET ASSESSMENT

• 4.1 CURRENT PENETRATION OF LEVEL 3 VEHICLES
  • 4.1.1 LEVEL 3 AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES MARKET, BY REGION
• 4.2 REGULATIONS
  • 4.2.1 EXISTING REGULATIONS ON AUTONOMOUS DRIVING, BY REGION
  • 4.2.2 NCAP REGULATIONS, BY REGION
  • 4.2.3 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, BY REGION
    • 4.2.3.1 China
    • 4.2.3.2 Japan
    • 4.2.3.3 South Korea
    • 4.2.3.4 India
    • 4.2.3.5 US
    • 4.2.3.6 European Union

5 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

• 5.1 OEM ANALYSIS
  • 5.1.1 SELECT PASSENGER CAR MODELS EQUIPPED WITH LEVEL 2 OR ABOVE ADAS SYSTEMS
  • 5.1.2 LEVEL 2 AND ABOVE ADAS SYSTEMS OFFERED BY TOP CHINESE OEMS
  • 5.1.3 SELECT PASSENGER CAR MODELS EQUIPPED WITH LEVEL 2 OR ABOVE ADAS SYSTEMS
  • 5.1.4 COMPARISON BETWEEN LEVEL 3 ADAS SUITES
  • 5.1.5 COMPARISON BETWEEN LEVEL 3 ADAS HARDWARE COMPONENTS
  • 5.1.6 PLANS OF OEMS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF LEVEL 3 ADAS
• 5.2 MNM INSIGHTS INTO DEVELOPMENTS UNDERTAKEN BY TIER I COMPANIES IN LEVEL 3 ADAS SPACE
  • 5.2.1 CURRENT TIER I OFFERINGS FOR LEVEL 3 ADAS
  • 5.2.2 CURRENT CHIPSET OFFERINGS BY TOP TIER I COMPANIES
  • 5.2.3 ECOSYSTEM INTERCONNECTION FOR LEVEL 3 ADAS SYSTEMS

6 RECOMMENDATIONS

• 6.1 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR OEMS
  • 6.1.1 PRIORITIZING SCALABLE AND MODULAR E/E ARCHITECTURES
  • 6.1.2 INVESTING IN DIFFERENTIATED SENSOR FUSION AND REDUNDANCY
  • 6.1.3 DEVELOPING STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS WITH TIER I/CHIPSET MANUFACTURERS
  • 6.1.4 FOCUSING ON SPECIFIC USE CASES AND REGIONAL ODDS
  • 6.1.5 OFFERING FLEXIBLE MONETIZATION MODELS
  • 6.1.6 ENSURING CO-DEVELOPMENT WITH REGULATORY AUTHORITIES
• 6.2 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TIER I COMPANIES
  • 6.2.1 FOCUSING ON DEVELOPING LEVEL 3-READY SENSOR SUITE
  • 6.2.2 INTEGRATING SENSOR FUSION WITH COMPUTING PLATFORM PACKAGE
  • 6.2.3 FOCUSING ON SOFTWARE-DEFINED VEHICLE (SDV) NEEDS OF OEMS
  • 6.2.4 FOCUSING ON REGION-SPECIFIC OFFERINGS

List of Tables

• TABLE 1 INCLUSIONS & EXCLUSIONS
• TABLE 2 BASIC DIFFERENTIATION: LEVEL 1 VS. LEVEL 2/2.5 VS. LEVEL 3
• TABLE 3 TECHNICAL COMPARISON: LEVEL 1 VS. LEVEL 2/2.5 VS. LEVEL 3
• TABLE 4 EXISTING LEVEL 3 ADAS OFFERINGS BY LEGACY TIER I COMPANIES
• TABLE 5 LEVEL 3 ADAS: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
• TABLE 6 L2+/3 ADAS SYSTEMS: SUBSCRIPTION PACKAGES, PRICING, AND ADAS SUITES OFFERED BY OEMS
• TABLE 7 LIABILITY CONCERNS FOR MAJOR STAKEHOLDERS
• TABLE 8 INFRASTRUCTURE LIMITATIONS IN MAJOR COUNTRIES
• TABLE 9 REGULATORY NORMS MANDATING ADAS FEATURES
• TABLE 10 REGULATORY NORMS FOR ADAS IN SELECT COUNTRIES
• TABLE 11 RECENT SENSOR INNOVATION BY TIER I COMPANIES AND THEIR USE CASES
• TABLE 12 CONSUMER SENTIMENT ON LEVEL 3 ADAS SYSTEMS ACROSS MAJOR MARKETS
• TABLE 13 LEVEL 3 AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES MARKET, BY REGION, 2022-2024 ('000 UNITS)
• TABLE 14 LEVEL 3 AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES MARKET, BY REGION, 2025-2035 ('000 UNITS)
• TABLE 15 EXISTING REGULATIONS ON ADAS AND AUTONOMOUS DRIVING, BY REGION
• TABLE 16 NCAP REGULATIONS, BY REGION
• TABLE 17 SELECT PASSENGER CAR MODELS EQUIPPED WITH LEVEL 2 OR ABOVE ADAS SYSTEMS, BY OEM, 2024-2025
• TABLE 18 SELECT PASSENGER CAR MODELS EQUIPPED WITH LEVEL 2 OR ABOVE ADAS SYSTEMS, BY CHINESE OEM, 2024-2025
• TABLE 19 COMPARISON BETWEEN LEVEL 3 ADAS SUITES, BY OEM
• TABLE 20 LEVEL 3 ADAS HARDWARE OFFERED BY OEMS
• TABLE 21 ROADMAP OF MAJOR OEMS FOR ADAS LEVEL 3
• TABLE 22 TIER I PRODUCT OFFERINGS FOR LEVEL 3 ADAS
• TABLE 23 CHIP OFFERINGS RELEVANT TO LEVEL 3 ADAS SYSTEMS BY MAJOR PLAYERS

List of Figures

• FIGURE 1 LEVEL 1 TO LEVEL 5 ADAS: ASSISTED VS. AUTOMATED
• FIGURE 2 LEVEL 3 AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES MARKET: DRIVERS, RESTRAINTS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES
• FIGURE 3 CUSTOMER SATISFACTION LEVEL FOR SAFETY SYSTEMS, 2021 VS. 2022
• FIGURE 4 CONSUMER UNDERSTANDING LEVEL OF SAFETY SYSTEMS, 2021 VS. 2022
• FIGURE 5 RENESAS ELECTRONICS CORPORATION: SENSOR FUSION WITH DEEP LEARNING
• FIGURE 6 RENESAS ELECTRONICS CORPORATION: AI-BASED SENSOR FUSION
• FIGURE 7 ECOSYSTEM MAPPING FOR OVERALL ADAS AND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES
• FIGURE 8 COMPUTING UNITS FOR ADAS APPLICATIONS
• FIGURE 9 ADVANCEMENT TOWARD LEVEL 4 AUTONOMY IN MOBILITY AND TRUCKING
• FIGURE 10 PENETRATION OF LEVEL 3 AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES AGAINST TOTAL VEHICLE SALES, 2022-2035 ('000 UNITS)
• FIGURE 11 SALES NUMBERS FOR LEVELS 2/2+ AND 3 AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES, 2022-2035 ('000 UNITS)
• FIGURE 12 LEVEL 3 AND ABOVE ADAS SYSTEMS: ECOSYSTEM MAPPING
• FIGURE 13 REDUNDANCY IN MERCEDES-BENZ'S 'DRIVE PILOT'