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封面
市场调查报告书
商品编码
1708007

基于电阻的 TEER 测量系统市场：全球产业分析、规模、份额、成长、趋势和预测（2025-2032 年）

Impedance Based TEER Measurement Systems Market: Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast, 2025 - 2032
出版日期: | 出版商: Persistence Market Research | 英文 180 Pages | 商品交期: 2-5个工作天内

价格
简介目录

预计 2025 年全球基于电阻的 TEER 测量系统市场规模将达到 8,310 万美元，到 2032 年将达到 1.247 亿美元，预测期内（2025-2032 年）的复合年增长率为 6.0%。

由于生物医学和製药研究对准确、非侵入性、即时评估工具的需求不断增长，基于电阻的跨上皮/内皮电阻 (TEER) 测量系统市场正在经历显着的发展势头。这些系统对于研究细胞屏障功能和完整性至关重要，这对于药物渗透性研究、毒理学、组织工程和疾病建模等应用至关重要。随着全球生命科学研究的加速发展，对高通量、高精度基于电阻的 TEER 技术的需求日益增长，尤其是製药公司、学术机构和 CRO。

由于多种因素的共同作用，全球基于电阻的 TEER 测量系统市场正在扩大。对药物发现和个人化医疗的日益重视推动了对更复杂的体外测试工具的需求，而 TEER 系统提供了一种非破坏性、高度可重复的方法来监测细胞层的完整性。对器官晶片技术和 3D 细胞培养模型的投资不断增加，大大增加了 TEER 在即时屏障功能监测中的重要性。此外，人们对动物试验的日益关注以及向道德研究实践的转变进一步推动了製药和生物技术公司采用 TEER 系统。世界各地不断扩大的学术研究和政府资助的健康倡议也促进了这一上升趋势。

儘管预计会经历显着成长，但基于电阻的 TEER 测量系统市场仍面临一定的限制。对于中小型研究机构，尤其是新兴经济体的中小型研究机构来说，先进 TEER 设备的高额初始投资和维护成本可能是一个障碍。此外，TEER 测量通讯协定缺乏标准化以及资料解释的多变性也可能阻碍更广泛的应用。此外，尤其是在发展中地区，人们对使用电阻系统的认识和技术专长有限，限制了市场的潜在成长。

市场提供了充足的成长机会，特别是由于对复製人体生理的器官晶片和微流体模型的需求不断增加。电极设计、小型化以及与自动化和基于人工智慧的资料分析的整合方面的进步有望提高系统的准确性和吞吐量，为新的应用打开大门。亚太和拉丁美洲的新兴经济体生物技术和製药产业发展迅速，具有尚未开发的潜力。製造商与学术和临床研究中心之间的策略联盟也可能刺激创新并扩大产品的取得管道。此外，监管机构对试管内测试和替代测试方法的鼓励可能会进一步刺激市场扩张。

本报告研究了全球基于电阻的 TEER 测量系统市场，包括区域趋势和公司概况。

目录

第一章执行摘要

第二章 市场概述

  • 市场范围和定义
  • 市场动态
  • 宏观经济因素
  • COVID-19影响分析
  • 预测因子－相关性和影响力

第三章 增值洞察

第四章 2019-2032年价格趋势分析

5. 全球基于电阻的 TEER 测量系统市场展望

6. 全球基于电阻的 TEER 测量系统市场（按区域）展望

第7章 北美基于电阻的TEER测量系统市场展望

8. 欧洲基于电阻的 TEER 测量系统市场展望

9. 东亚电阻型TEER测量系统市场展望

第十章南亚和大洋洲基于电阻的 TEER 测量系统市场展望

第11章拉丁美洲基于电阻的TEER测量系统市场展望

12. 中东和非洲基于电阻的 TEER 测量系统市场展望

第十三章竞争格局

  • 2025年市场占有率分析
  • 市场结构
  • 公司简介（详情－概述、财务状况、策略、最新发展）
    • nanoAnalytics GmbH
    • World Precision Instruments
    • Applied BioPhysics, Inc.
    • Merck KGaA
    • Sciospec Scientific Instruments GmbH
    • Axion BioSystems, Inc
    • SynVivo, Inc.
    • MIMETAS
    • TissUse GmbH
    • Locsense
    • Agilent Technologies, Inc.
    • Corning Incorporated.
    • ibidi GmbH
    • Greiner Bio-One International GmbH
    • Kirkstall Ltd
    • Prime BioScience PTE LTD
    • Courage+Khazaka electronic GmbH
    • 其他的

第十四章 附录

简介目录
Product Code: PMRREP35190

Persistence Market Research has recently released a comprehensive report on the global Impedance-based TEER Measurement Systems Market, providing an in-depth analysis of key market dynamics, including driving forces, emerging trends, opportunities, and challenges. This report offers a detailed understanding of the market landscape, helping stakeholders make well-informed decisions.

Key Insights:

  • Impedance-based TEER Measurement Systems Market Size (2025E): US$ 83.1 Mn
  • Projected Market Value (2032F): US$ 124.7 Mn
  • Global Market Growth Rate (CAGR 2025 to 2032): 6.0%

Impedance-based TEER Measurement Systems Market - Report Scope:

The impedance-based Trans-Epithelial/Endothelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) measurement systems market is experiencing significant momentum, driven by the growing demand for accurate, non-invasive, and real-time assessment tools in biomedical and pharmaceutical research. These systems are pivotal in studying cell barrier function and integrity, which are essential in applications such as drug permeability studies, toxicology, tissue engineering, and disease modeling. As life sciences research accelerates globally, the need for high-throughput and precise impedance-based TEER technologies is on the rise, particularly among pharmaceutical companies, academic institutes, and CROs.

Market Growth Drivers:

The global impedance-based TEER measurement systems market is expanding due to multiple converging factors. An increasing emphasis on drug discovery and personalized medicine is pushing demand for more sophisticated in vitro testing tools, where TEER systems provide a non-destructive, reproducible approach to monitoring cell layer integrity. The growing investments in organ-on-chip technologies and 3D cell culture models have significantly elevated the importance of TEER in real-time barrier function monitoring. Additionally, rising concerns about animal testing and a shift toward ethical research practices are further boosting the adoption of TEER systems across pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms. Expansion of academic research and government-funded health initiatives worldwide is also contributing to this upward trajectory.

Market Restraints:

Despite strong growth prospects, the impedance-based TEER measurement systems market faces certain limitations. High initial investment and the cost of maintenance for advanced TEER equipment can be a barrier for small- and medium-scale research institutions, particularly in developing economies. Additionally, the lack of standardization in TEER measurement protocols and the variability in data interpretation may hinder broader adoption. Furthermore, limited awareness and technical expertise in using impedance-based systems, especially in underdeveloped regions, restrict the market's potential growth.

Market Opportunities:

The market offers ample growth opportunities, especially with the rising demand for organ-on-chip and microfluidic-based models that replicate human physiology. Advancements in electrode design, miniaturization, and integration with automation and AI-based data analysis are expected to enhance system accuracy and throughput, opening doors to new applications. Emerging economies in Asia-Pacific and Latin America, where biotechnology and pharmaceutical sectors are rapidly evolving, represent untapped potential. Strategic collaborations between manufacturers and academic or clinical research centers can also drive innovation and widen product accessibility. Additionally, regulatory encouragement for in vitro and alternative testing methods will further stimulate market expansion.

Key Questions Answered in the Report:

  • What are the primary factors driving the global impedance-based TEER measurement systems market's growth?
  • Which regions and application areas are witnessing the most rapid adoption of TEER systems?
  • How are emerging technologies and ethical research practices influencing the market landscape?
  • Who are the leading players in the TEER systems market, and what are their growth strategies?
  • What is the future outlook for the TEER measurement systems market in the context of organ-on-chip and personalized medicine?

Competitive Intelligence and Business Strategy:

Leading companies in the global impedance-based TEER measurement systems market, such as nanoAnalytics GmbH, Merck KGaA, Agilent Technologies, Inc., and Sciospec Scientific Instruments GmbH, are focusing on innovation and strategic collaborations to enhance their product portfolios. These firms are investing heavily in developing more compact, user-friendly, and high-precision TEER systems that can cater to both academic and commercial research settings. Strategic partnerships with pharmaceutical companies and CROs are being leveraged to expand market reach. Furthermore, integration of TEER systems with advanced cell culture platforms and microfluidics is seen as a key strategy to remain competitive in a rapidly evolving biomedical research landscape.

Companies Covered in This Report:

  • nanoAnalytics GmbH
  • World Precision Instruments
  • Applied BioPhysics, Inc.
  • Merck KGaA
  • Sciospec Scientific Instruments GmbH
  • Axion BioSystems, Inc
  • SynVivo, Inc.
  • MIMETAS
  • TissUse GmbH
  • Locsense
  • Agilent Technologies, Inc.
  • Corning Incorporated

Market Segmentation

By Product:

  • TEER Measurement Systems
  • Consumables
  • Electrodes & Probes
  • Cell Culture Membranes
  • Buffers
  • Others

By Application:

  • Barrier Integrity Assessment
  • Drug Permeability Studies
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Toxicology
  • Others

By End-User:

  • Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Companies
  • Contract Research Organizations
  • Academic and Research Institutes

By Region:

  • North America
  • Europe
  • East Asia
  • South Asia and Oceania
  • Latin America
  • Middle East and Africa

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

  • 1.1. Global Impedance-based TEER Measurement Systems Market Snapshot, 2025-2032
  • 1.2. Market Opportunity Assessment, 2025-2032, US$ Mn
  • 1.3. Key Market Trends
  • 1.4. Future Market Projections
  • 1.5. Premium Market Insights
  • 1.6. Industry Developments and Key Market Events
  • 1.7. PMR Analysis and Recommendations

2. Market Overview

  • 2.1. Market Scope and Definition
  • 2.2. Market Dynamics
    • 2.2.1. Drivers
    • 2.2.2. Restraints
    • 2.2.3. Opportunity
    • 2.2.4. Challenges
    • 2.2.5. Key Trends
  • 2.3. Macro-Economic Factors
    • 2.3.1. Global Sectorial Outlook
    • 2.3.2. Global GDP Growth Outlook
  • 2.4. COVID-19 Impact Analysis
  • 2.5. Forecast Factors - Relevance and Impact

3. Value Added Insights

  • 3.1. Product Adoption Analysis
  • 3.2. Technological Advancement
  • 3.3. Regulatory Landscape
  • 3.4. Value Chain Analysis
  • 3.5. Product USP Analysis
  • 3.6. Key Deals and Mergers
  • 3.7. PESTLE Analysis
  • 3.8. Porter's Five Force Analysis

4. Price Trend Analysis, 2019-2032

  • 4.1. Key Highlights
  • 4.2. Key Factors Impacting Product Prices
  • 4.3. Pricing Analysis, By Product
  • 4.4. Regional Prices and Product Preferences

5. Global Impedance-based TEER Measurement Systems Market Outlook:

  • 5.1. Key Highlights
    • 5.1.1. Market Volume (Units) Projections
    • 5.1.2. Market Size (US$ Mn) and Y-o-Y Growth
    • 5.1.3. Absolute $ Opportunity
  • 5.2. Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast
    • 5.2.1. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis, 2019-2024
    • 5.2.2. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, 2025-2032
  • 5.3. Global Impedance-based TEER Measurement Systems Market Outlook: Product
    • 5.3.1. Introduction / Key Findings
    • 5.3.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Analysis, By Product, 2019-2024
    • 5.3.3. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast, By Product, 2025-2032
      • 5.3.3.1. TEER Measurement Systems
      • 5.3.3.2. Consumables
        • 5.3.3.2.1. Electrodes & Probes
        • 5.3.3.2.2. Cell Culture Membranes
        • 5.3.3.2.3. Buffers
        • 5.3.3.2.4. Others
    • 5.3.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis: Product
  • 5.4. Global Impedance-based TEER Measurement Systems Market Outlook: Application
    • 5.4.1. Introduction / Key Findings
    • 5.4.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis, By Application, 2019-2024
    • 5.4.3. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Application, 2025-2032
      • 5.4.3.1. Barrier Integrity Assessment
      • 5.4.3.2. Drug Permeability Studies
      • 5.4.3.3. Tissue Engineering
      • 5.4.3.4. Toxicology
      • 5.4.3.5. Others
    • 5.4.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis: Application
  • 5.5. Global Impedance-based TEER Measurement Systems Market Outlook: End User
    • 5.5.1. Introduction / Key Findings
    • 5.5.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis, By End User, 2019-2024
    • 5.5.3. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By End User, 2025-2032
      • 5.5.3.1. Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Companies
      • 5.5.3.2. Contract Research Organizations
      • 5.5.3.3. Academic and Research Institutes
    • 5.5.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis: End User

6. Global Impedance-based TEER Measurement Systems Market Outlook: Region

  • 6.1. Key Highlights
  • 6.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Analysis, By Region, 2019-2024
  • 6.3. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast, By Region, 2025-2032
    • 6.3.1. North America
    • 6.3.2. Europe
    • 6.3.3. East Asia
    • 6.3.4. South Asia and Oceania
    • 6.3.5. Latin America
    • 6.3.6. Middle East & Africa
  • 6.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis: Region

7. North America Impedance-based TEER Measurement Systems Market Outlook:

  • 7.1. Key Highlights
  • 7.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Analysis, By Market, 2019-2024
    • 7.2.1. By Country
    • 7.2.2. By Product
    • 7.2.3. By Application
    • 7.2.4. By End User
  • 7.3. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Country, 2025-2032
    • 7.3.1. U.S.
    • 7.3.2. Canada
  • 7.4. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast, By Product, 2025-2032
    • 7.4.1. TEER Measurement Systems
    • 7.4.2. Consumables
      • 7.4.2.1. Electrodes & Probes
      • 7.4.2.2. Cell Culture Membranes
      • 7.4.2.3. Buffers
      • 7.4.2.4. Others
  • 7.5. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Application, 2025-2032
    • 7.5.1. Barrier Integrity Assessment
    • 7.5.2. Drug Permeability Studies
    • 7.5.3. Tissue Engineering
    • 7.5.4. Toxicology
    • 7.5.5. Others
  • 7.6. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By End User, 2025-2032
    • 7.6.1. Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Companies
    • 7.6.2. Contract Research Organizations
    • 7.6.3. Academic and Research Institutes
  • 7.7. Market Attractiveness Analysis

8. Europe Impedance-based TEER Measurement Systems Market Outlook:

  • 8.1. Key Highlights
  • 8.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Analysis, By Market, 2019-2024
    • 8.2.1. By Country
    • 8.2.2. By Product
    • 8.2.3. By Application
    • 8.2.4. By End User
  • 8.3. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Country, 2025-2032
    • 8.3.1. Germany
    • 8.3.2. France
    • 8.3.3. U.K.
    • 8.3.4. Italy
    • 8.3.5. Spain
    • 8.3.6. Russia
    • 8.3.7. Turkey
    • 8.3.8. Rest of Europe
  • 8.4. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast, By Product, 2025-2032
    • 8.4.1. TEER Measurement Systems
    • 8.4.2. Consumables
      • 8.4.2.1. Electrodes & Probes
      • 8.4.2.2. Cell Culture Membranes
      • 8.4.2.3. Buffers
      • 8.4.2.4. Others
  • 8.5. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Application, 2025-2032
    • 8.5.1. Barrier Integrity Assessment
    • 8.5.2. Drug Permeability Studies
    • 8.5.3. Tissue Engineering
    • 8.5.4. Toxicology
    • 8.5.5. Others
  • 8.6. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By End User, 2025-2032
    • 8.6.1. Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Companies
    • 8.6.2. Contract Research Organizations
    • 8.6.3. Academic and Research Institutes
  • 8.7. Market Attractiveness Analysis

9. East Asia Impedance-based TEER Measurement Systems Market Outlook:

  • 9.1. Key Highlights
  • 9.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Analysis, By Market, 2019-2024
    • 9.2.1. By Country
    • 9.2.2. By Product
    • 9.2.3. By Application
    • 9.2.4. By End User
  • 9.3. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Country, 2025-2032
    • 9.3.1. China
    • 9.3.2. Japan
    • 9.3.3. South Korea
  • 9.4. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast, By Product, 2025-2032
    • 9.4.1. TEER Measurement Systems
    • 9.4.2. Consumables
      • 9.4.2.1. Electrodes & Probes
      • 9.4.2.2. Cell Culture Membranes
      • 9.4.2.3. Buffers
      • 9.4.2.4. Others
  • 9.5. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Application, 2025-2032
    • 9.5.1. Barrier Integrity Assessment
    • 9.5.2. Drug Permeability Studies
    • 9.5.3. Tissue Engineering
    • 9.5.4. Toxicology
    • 9.5.5. Others
  • 9.6. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By End User, 2025-2032
    • 9.6.1. Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Companies
    • 9.6.2. Contract Research Organizations
    • 9.6.3. Academic and Research Institutes
  • 9.7. Market Attractiveness Analysis

10. South Asia & Oceania Impedance-based TEER Measurement Systems Market Outlook:

  • 10.1. Key Highlights
  • 10.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Analysis, By Market, 2019-2024
    • 10.2.1. By Country
    • 10.2.2. By Product
    • 10.2.3. By Application
    • 10.2.4. By End User
  • 10.3. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Country, 2025-2032
    • 10.3.1. India
    • 10.3.2. Southeast Asia
    • 10.3.3. ANZ
    • 10.3.4. Rest of South Asia & Oceania
  • 10.4. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast, By Product, 2025-2032
    • 10.4.1. TEER Measurement Systems
    • 10.4.2. Consumables
      • 10.4.2.1. Electrodes & Probes
      • 10.4.2.2. Cell Culture Membranes
      • 10.4.2.3. Buffers
      • 10.4.2.4. Others
  • 10.5. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Application, 2025-2032
    • 10.5.1. Barrier Integrity Assessment
    • 10.5.2. Drug Permeability Studies
    • 10.5.3. Tissue Engineering
    • 10.5.4. Toxicology
    • 10.5.5. Others
  • 10.6. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By End User, 2025-2032
    • 10.6.1. Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Companies
    • 10.6.2. Contract Research Organizations
    • 10.6.3. Academic and Research Institutes
  • 10.7. Market Attractiveness Analysis

11. Latin America Impedance-based TEER Measurement Systems Market Outlook:

  • 11.1. Key Highlights
  • 11.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Analysis, By Market, 2019-2024
    • 11.2.1. By Country
    • 11.2.2. By Product
    • 11.2.3. By Application
    • 11.2.4. By End User
  • 11.3. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Country, 2025-2032
    • 11.3.1. Brazil
    • 11.3.2. Mexico
    • 11.3.3. Rest of Latin America
  • 11.4. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast, By Product, 2025-2032
    • 11.4.1. TEER Measurement Systems
    • 11.4.2. Consumables
      • 11.4.2.1. Electrodes & Probes
      • 11.4.2.2. Cell Culture Membranes
      • 11.4.2.3. Buffers
      • 11.4.2.4. Others
  • 11.5. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Application, 2025-2032
    • 11.5.1. Barrier Integrity Assessment
    • 11.5.2. Drug Permeability Studies
    • 11.5.3. Tissue Engineering
    • 11.5.4. Toxicology
    • 11.5.5. Others
  • 11.6. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By End User, 2025-2032
    • 11.6.1. Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Companies
    • 11.6.2. Contract Research Organizations
    • 11.6.3. Academic and Research Institutes
  • 11.7. Market Attractiveness Analysis

12. Middle East & Africa Impedance-based TEER Measurement Systems Market Outlook:

  • 12.1. Key Highlights
  • 12.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Analysis, By Market, 2019-2024
    • 12.2.1. By Country
    • 12.2.2. By Product
    • 12.2.3. By Application
    • 12.2.4. By End User
  • 12.3. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Country, 2025-2032
    • 12.3.1. GCC Countries
    • 12.3.2. Egypt
    • 12.3.3. South Africa
    • 12.3.4. Northern Africa
    • 12.3.5. Rest of Middle East & Africa
  • 12.4. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast, By Product, 2025-2032
    • 12.4.1. TEER Measurement Systems
    • 12.4.2. Consumables
      • 12.4.2.1. Electrodes & Probes
      • 12.4.2.2. Cell Culture Membranes
      • 12.4.2.3. Buffers
      • 12.4.2.4. Others
  • 12.5. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By Application, 2025-2032
    • 12.5.1. Barrier Integrity Assessment
    • 12.5.2. Drug Permeability Studies
    • 12.5.3. Tissue Engineering
    • 12.5.4. Toxicology
  • 12.6. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast, By End User, 2025-2032
    • 12.6.1. Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Companies
    • 12.6.2. Contract Research Organizations
    • 12.6.3. Academic and Research Institutes
  • 12.7. Market Attractiveness Analysis

13. Competition Landscape

  • 13.1. Market Share Analysis, 2025
  • 13.2. Market Structure
    • 13.2.1. Competition Intensity Mapping by Market
    • 13.2.2. Competition Dashboard
  • 13.3. Company Profiles (Details - Overview, Financials, Strategy, Recent Developments)
    • 13.3.1. nanoAnalytics GmbH
      • 13.3.1.1. Overview
      • 13.3.1.2. Segments and Product
      • 13.3.1.3. Key Financials
      • 13.3.1.4. Market Developments
      • 13.3.1.5. Market Strategy
    • 13.3.2. World Precision Instruments
    • 13.3.3. Applied BioPhysics, Inc.
    • 13.3.4. Merck KGaA
    • 13.3.5. Sciospec Scientific Instruments GmbH
    • 13.3.6. Axion BioSystems, Inc
    • 13.3.7. SynVivo, Inc.
    • 13.3.8. MIMETAS
    • 13.3.9. TissUse GmbH
    • 13.3.10. Locsense
    • 13.3.11. Agilent Technologies, Inc.
    • 13.3.12. Corning Incorporated.
    • 13.3.13. ibidi GmbH
    • 13.3.14. Greiner Bio-One International GmbH
    • 13.3.15. Kirkstall Ltd
    • 13.3.16. Prime BioScience PTE LTD
    • 13.3.17. Courage+Khazaka electronic GmbH
    • 13.3.18. Others

14. Appendix

  • 14.1. Research Methodology
  • 14.2. Research Assumptions
  • 14.3. Acronyms and Abbreviations