市场调查报告书
商品编码
1420127
汽车RISC-V晶片产业(2024年)Automotive RISC-V Chip Industry Research Report, 2024 |
根据RISC-V基金会的数据,2022年基于RISC-V的处理器核心出货量将达到100亿个,主要用于物联网领域。随着市场需求的成长,RISC-V正逐渐进入需要更高算力的高性能领域,如自动驾驶、人工智慧、通讯、资料中心等。
特斯拉于2021年开发了自己的客製化晶片 "D1" 。基于RISC-V,D1可以在资料中心内训练AI网路。
2022年1月,Mobileye(被Intel收购)发布了EyeQ Ultra,配备12个基于RISC-V的双执行绪CPU核心。预计2025年实现量产。
2023年9月,StarFive发表高效能RISC-V CPU IP "Dubhe-90" 。Dubhe-90是Dubhe Max Performance系列的旗舰产品,SPECint2006 9.4/GHz,性能媲美ARM Cortex-A76。Dubhe-90主要应用于PC、高效能网路通讯、机器学习、资料中心等高阶应用领域。
MCU 约占汽车中安装的半导体装置的 30%。传统汽车大约有 50 到 100 个 MCU,但智慧汽车的数量增加了一倍。然而,中国製造的汽车级MCU的市占率还不到5%,此类MCU的潜力巨大。
过去,汽车晶片主要基于ARM和其他欧洲晶片公司的私有架构。RISC-V为国产汽车晶片的研发提供了更多选择。RISC-V的开放式设计使得汽车晶片供应商可以根据自己的需求创建特定的布局,从而赋予他们更丰富的产品形态。
近年来,国内多家汽车MCU厂商,如Wuhan BinarySemi、NationalChip、LinkedSemi、ChipEXT等都采用了RISC-V,并正在开发自己的MCU。
其中,NationalChip正在考虑将RISC-V用于汽车电子设备的中高阶MCU晶片。例如,CCFC3010PT是NationalChip首款基于RISC-V的汽车级MCU晶片,适用于新能源电源领域的OBC/DC-DC应用。同时,我们也将开始针对自动驾驶领域设计开发的MCU晶片CCFC3009PT的开发。它主要针对ISP和雷达讯号后处理。
ChipEXT于2023年8月发表的汽车MCU "CX3288" 采用32位元RISC-V核心。它符合ISO26262 ASIL-B,支援SHE(Secure Hardware Extension)和Medium HSM以实现资讯和网路安全,并增强通讯加密和安全启动。它还支援AutoSAR,并可以提供MCAL和配置工具支援。
目前,汽车软体和工具链仍然碎片化。鑑于ARM适用于所有情况,顶级软体供应商与作业系统和应用程式供应商之间很难找到通用性。RISC-V具有高度可自订性,与ARM相比具有广泛的可扩展性,因此可以满足汽车电子系统不断增长的需求。这种架构是免费的,降低了研发成本,并且不受专利或版权的限制。因此,汽车电子有望成为RISC-V的下一个热点。
本报告针对中国汽车RISC-V晶片产业进行研究与分析,提供RISC-V特性、产品与市场趋势、晶片/软体供应商概况等资讯。
Reduced Instruction Set Computing - Five (RISC-V) is an open standard instruction set architecture (ISA) based on established reduced instruction set computer (RISC) principles. RISC-V can be used to design and implement processor chips and computer architectures. It competes with X86 and ARM globally.
RISC-V's advantage mainly lies in that its instruction sets and architectures are open source and free. Its modular design allows enterprises to add, expand or remove the instruction sets. In contrast, ARM and X86 are not only complicated in instruction set development, but also difficult to obtain authorization to modify instruction sets.
However, RISC-V's disadvantage mainly rests in the relatively immature ecosystem. Related compilers, development tools, software integrated development environment (IDE) and other ecological elements are still developing.
RISC-V adopts modular ISA, that is, it consists of a basic integer instruction set (the basic integer instruction set is the only mandatory basic instruction set for RISC-V, and other instruction sets are optional extension modules) and multiple optional extension instruction sets. Therefore, a CPU can be customized according to the requirements of a specific application.
In terms of customization, it enables designers to create thousands of potential customized processors, thus speeding up the time to market. The universality of processor IP also shortens software development time.
For example, Codasip can provide users with processor customized IP solutions based on RISC-V. The solution includes basic processor IP and development tool Codasip Studio. The engineering team can realize the integrated design of hardware and software according to project requirements and improve the efficiency of customized processor design. In October 2023, Codasip introduced the highly flexible 700 family for unlimited innovation. With the 700 family and Codasip Custom Compute, designers can push the technology limits by optimizing at the chip or application level for unique gains while keeping costs under control.
SiFive is a semiconductor enterprise based on RISC-V customization. SiFive mainly assists companies to customize processor cores based on RISC-V. Through its customized RISC-V semiconductor, it facilitates IC design and system companies to shorten the time to market and reduce costs.
According to the data of RISC-V Foundation, 10 billion processor cores based on RISC-V were shipped in 2022, and are mainly used in the field of Internet of Things. With the growth of market demand, RISC-V is gradually moving towards high-performance fields such as autonomous driving, artificial intelligence, communication, data centers and other scenarios that require higher computing power.
Tesla developed its own customized chip "D1" in 2021. Based on RISC-V, D1 can train the artificial intelligence network in the data center.
Mobileye (acquired by Intel) released EyeQ Ultra in January 2022, containing 12 dual-threaded CPU cores based on RISC-V. Mass production is expected in 2025.
In September 2023, StarFive unveiled Dubhe-90, a high-performance RISC-V CPU IP. Dubhe-90 is the flagship product of Dubhe Max Performance series, with SPECint2006 9.4/GHz and performance comparable to that of ARM Cortex-A76. Its customers mainly come from high-end application fields such as PC, high-performance network communication, machine learning and data centers.
In order to reduce the cost and threshold of chip design, RISC-V processor development companies and research institutions combine RISC-V with chiplet technology.
Chiplets package specific functional dies into multiple homogeneous and heterogeneous module chips through intra-chip interconnection technology (die-to-die). Chiplet technology can divide a SoC into independent modules and manufacture them separately, thus improving the yield and reducing the design cost.
In November 2023, Ventana Micro Systems Inc. announced Veyron V2, the second generation of its Veyron family of RISC-V processors. The Veyron V2 is the highest performance RISC-V processor available today and is offered in the form of chiplets and IP. The Veyron V2 chiplet features industry leading UCIe chiplet interconnect. Veyron V2's chiplet-based solutions provide advantages in unit economics, accelerating time to market by up to two years and reducing development costs by up to 75%. Chiplet-based solutions also provide better unit economics by right sizing compute, IO, and memory.
Nuclei System Technology, as a RISC-V CPU IP enterprise, is laying out chiplets. In November 2022, Nuclei System Technology joined the UCIe (Universal Chiplet Interconnect Express) Industry Alliance as China's first RISC-V CPU IP enterprise that did so. Nuclei System Technology will work together with other members of UCIe Industry Alliance around the world to research and apply the specifications of UCIe 1.0 and the next-generation UCIe technical standard, and will carry out hard-core IP R&D based on chiplet interconnection.
On January 9, 2024, the Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) launched a "big chip" called "Zhejiang". With chiplet design, it includes 16 chiplets with a total of 256 RISC-V cores (each chiplet has 16 RISC-V cores), all of which are programmable and reconfigurable.
MCUs account for approximately 30% of the semiconductor devices used in a car. A traditional car has about 50-100 MCUs, while the number in a smart car will double. However, the market share of automotive-grade MCUs made in China is less than 5%, which means enormous potential of such MCUs.
In the past, automotive chips were mainly based on ARM or private architectures of some European chip companies. RISC-V offers more options for the research and development of domestic automotive chips. Its open design enables automotive chip vendors to make specific layout according to their own needs, thus enriching product forms.
In recent years, many domestic automotive-grade MCU vendors have chosen RISC-V to build their own MCUs, including Wuhan BinarySemi, NationalChip, LinkedSemi, and ChipEXT.
Among them, NationalChip will explore the application of RISC-V in medium and high-end MCU chips for automotive electronics. For example, CCFC3010PT, for OBC/DC-DC application in new energy power domain, is NationalChip's first automotive-grade MCU chip based on RISC-V. At the same time, the development of CCFC3009PT, which is an MCU chip designed and developed for the autonomous driving field, will start. It mainly targets the post-processing of ISP and radar signals.
CX3288, the automotive-grade MCU launched by ChipEXT in August 2023, adopts a 32-bit RISC-V core. In line with ISO26262 ASIL-B, it supports SHE (Secure Hardware Extension) and Medium HSM in information and cybersecurity, and bolsters communication encryption and secure startup. It also supports AutoSAR, which can provide MCAL and configuration tool support.
At present, automotive software and tool chains are still fragmented. If an ARM is suitable for all situations, it is difficult to find universality between upper software vendors and operating system and application vendors. Compared with ARM, RISC-V features stronger customization, and its rich extensibility can meet the growing demand of automotive electronic systems in the future. The architecture is free to use, which can reduce the research and development cost and is not restricted by any patent or copyright. Therefore, automotive electronics is expected to become the next hotspot of RISC-V.
Top five automotive chip companies Qualcomm, Bosch, Infineon, NXP, Nordic established Quintauris GmbH in December 2023, focusing on RISC-V. Headquartered in Munich, Germany, the company's CEO is Alexander Kocher (previously served as CEO and president of Elektrobit, an automotive embedded solution provider, and also worked in companies such as Continental, Siemens and Infineon). Initially, the company will pivot on automotive applications, and then gradually expand to mobile devices, Internet of Things chips and other fields.
However, there are two major challenges in making RISC-V get on vehicles. First, it takes a long time to obtain automotive-grade certification. IATF 16949 should be met, chips should comply with ACQ-100, modules should follow ACQ-104 and ISO26262. Second, it is necessary to establish a sound software ecosystem, including a wider range of operating systems and middleware, and more optimization and verification for specific automotive applications.
Some domestic OEMs like Dongfeng Motor, BYD and Chery welcome RISC-V and are keenly cooperating with domestic chip vendors.
In May 2022, Dongfeng Motor took the lead in jointly establishing the "Hubei Province Automotive-grade Chip Industry Technology Innovation Consortium" with CICT, Wuhan Lincontrol Automotive Electronic Systems, Wuhan University of Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Nuclei System Technology, and TKD Science and Technology.
In December 2022, Wuhan BinarySemi, which was invested by Dongfeng Motor, released Fuxi 2360, a high-performance automotive-grade MCU chip based on RISC-V with the NA900 RISC-V multi-core heterogeneous CPU IP from Nuclei System Technology. It can be used in engines, gearboxes, "electric drive, batteries and electric control", ADAS, vehicle control and other fields.
In July 2023, Dongfeng Motor announced that the "Hubei Province Automotive-grade Chip Industry Technology Innovation Consortium", which was led by it, had realized the trial production of three automotive-grade chips which were rare in China and completed the first domestic automotive-grade MCU chip based on RISC-V.
Chery is cooperating with domestic chip vendors to define the entire test architecture of RISC-V, for example, RISC-V-based clients and RISC-V chip testing standards ensure the reliability of RISC-V chips. In addition to chip testing, Chery conducted safety and reliability tests based on automotive-grade regulations, such as AEC-Q100.
BYD collaborates with Huawei to conduct joint research on the chips of Intel or Qualcomm based on RISC-V.