封面
市场调查报告书
商品编码
1503412

到 2030 年汽车传动轴市场预测:按产品类型、车型、材料类型、位置类型、销售管道、最终用户和地区进行的全球分析

Automotive Drive Shaft Market Forecasts to 2030 - Global Analysis By Product Type, Vehicle Type, Material Type, Position Type, Sales Channel, End User and By Geography

出版日期: | 出版商: Stratistics Market Research Consulting | 英文 200+ Pages | 商品交期: 2-3个工作天内

价格

根据Stratistics MRC预测,2024年全球汽车传动轴市场规模将达到742亿美元,预计2030年将达到1,210亿美元,预测期内复合年增长率为8.5%。

汽车传动轴,也称为传动轴,是用于将扭矩和旋转从引擎和变速箱传递到车辆车轮的机械部件。在后轮驱动、四轮驱动和全轮驱动车中,它将变速箱与差速器连接起来,而差速器在将动力传递到车轮方面起着重要作用。传动轴通常由钢或铝製成,需要强度和平衡来应对高速和变化负载的压力。

根据中国工业协会预测,2022年7月中国汽车销量将混合动力汽车成长至242万辆,与前一年同期比较增29.7%,其中新能源汽车销量与前一年同期比较增长120%。

电动车 (EV) 需求增加

电动车 (EV) 需求的不断增长对市场产生了重大影响。随着电动车变得越来越流行,製造商正在开发先进的轻型传动轴以提高效率和性能。这种激增是由环境问题、政府法规和消费者对永续交通的偏好所推动的。因此,市场正在经历向为电动车应用量身定制的创新材料和设计的转变,确保与电力传动系统的兼容性,并有助于提高车辆整体效率和减少排放。

汽车供应链中断

由于供应链中断,市场面临重大挑战。全球半导体短缺、物流延误和原材料价格波动等因素造成的这些中断阻碍了传动轴的及时生产和交付。此外,地缘政治紧张局势和贸易限制正在加剧这些问题,导致成本上升和生产延误。製造商被迫探索替代筹资策略并提高供应链弹性,以减轻这些干扰并维持市场稳定。

严格的排放气体法规

市场上严格的排放气体法规正在推动重大变化。世界各国政府正在製定更严格的标准来减少车辆排放气体,迫使製造商采用先进的材料和技术。这项转变旨在提高燃油效率并最大限度地减少对环境的影响。对碳纤维和铝等轻质、高强度材料的日益关注对于合规性至关重要。因此,传动轴製造商正在创新以满足这些法规,促进永续性并减少汽车产业的碳排放。

原物料价格波动

由于原物料价格特别是钢铁和铝价格的波动,市场面临挑战。这些价格波动会影响製造成本和利润率,导致产品价格不稳定。製造商必须透过优化供应链和谈判长期合约来适应,以减轻这些影响。此外,虽然技术进步和替代材料可能提供解决方案,但对市场趋势的持续监控对于保持竞争力和确保稳定的生产成本仍然至关重要。

COVID-19 的影响:

COVID-19 大流行严重扰乱了汽车传动轴市场,由于生产停顿和汽车销售下降,导致需求急剧下降。供应链中断导致原材料和零件短缺,进一步阻碍生产。然而,随着限制的放鬆,随着汽车生产的恢復和私家车需求的增加,市场开始復苏。向电动车的转变也为先进传动轴技术创造了新的成长机会。

预计铝业在预测期内将成为最大的行业

预计铝在预测期内将占据主导地位。由于其轻质且耐用的特性,铝在传动轴製造中比传统钢越来越受到青睐。这项变化主要是由汽车产业对提高燃油效率和性能的追求所推动的。铝优异的强度重量比不仅可以减轻车辆重量,还有助于降低排放气体并改善操控动力。

预计建筑业在预测期内复合年增长率最高。

预计建筑业在预测期内复合年增长率最高。製造商正致力于开发轻质且耐用的传动轴,以提高车辆性能和燃油效率。此外,电动和混合动力汽车产量的增加进一步支持市场扩张,并鼓励对创新驱动轴解决方案的研发投资。汽车传动轴产业的建设热潮反映了该产业对不断变化的消费者偏好和监管标准的动态反应。

比最大的地区

由于汽车行业蓬勃发展、技术进步以及对省油车的需求不断增加等因素,预计北美将在预测期内占据最大的市场占有率。专注于创新和永续性,主要企业正在投资研发以推出轻量耐用的传动轴。此外,严格的排放法规进一步推动了市场成长,因为製造商努力满足合规标准,同时确保最佳的车辆性能。

复合年增长率最高的地区:

预计亚太地区在预测期内将维持最高的复合年增长率。该地区正在经历快速的都市化,导致对汽车(包括乘用车和商用车)的需求增加。汽车销量的激增直接影响了传动轴的需求。严格的燃油经济性和排放法规正在推动汽车製造商在汽车零件(包括传动轴)中使用轻量材料和先进技术,以提高性能并满足监管标准。

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  • 公司简介
    • 其他市场参与者的综合分析(最多 3 家公司)
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  • 区域分割
    • 根据客户兴趣对主要国家的市场估计、预测和复合年增长率(註:基于可行性检查)
  • 竞争基准化分析
    • 根据产品系列、地理分布和策略联盟对主要企业基准化分析

目录

第一章执行摘要

第二章 前言

  • 概述
  • 相关利益者
  • 调查范围
  • 调查方法
    • 资料探勘
    • 资料分析
    • 资料检验
    • 研究途径
  • 研究资讯来源
    • 主要研究资讯来源
    • 二次研究资讯来源
    • 先决条件

第三章市场趋势分析

  • 促进因素
  • 抑制因素
  • 机会
  • 威胁
  • 产品分析
  • 最终用户分析
  • 新兴市场
  • COVID-19 的影响

第4章波特五力分析

  • 供应商的议价能力
  • 买方议价能力
  • 替代品的威胁
  • 新进入者的威胁
  • 竞争公司之间的敌对关係

第五章全球汽车传动轴市场:依产品类型

  • 单件传动轴
  • 2件式传动轴
  • 滑入管传动轴
  • 订书机传动轴
  • 中空传动轴
  • 其他产品类型

第六章全球汽车传动轴市场:依车型分类

  • 客车
  • 商用车
  • 电动车(EV)

第七章全球汽车传动轴市场:依材料类型

  • 碳纤维
  • 合成的

第八章全球汽车传动轴市场:按位置类型

  • 前轮驱动 (FWD) 车辆
  • 后轮驱动 (RWD) 车辆
  • 全轮驱动 (AWD) 车辆

第九章全球汽车传动轴市场:依销售管道分类

  • 分销商/批发商
  • 零售公司
  • 网路零售

第十章全球汽车传动轴市场:依最终使用者分类

  • 运输/物流
  • 建造
  • 矿业
  • 农业
  • 其他最终用户

第十一章全球汽车传动轴市场:按地区

  • 北美洲
    • 美国
    • 加拿大
    • 墨西哥
  • 欧洲
    • 德国
    • 英国
    • 义大利
    • 法国
    • 西班牙
    • 其他欧洲国家
  • 亚太地区
    • 日本
    • 中国
    • 印度
    • 澳洲
    • 纽西兰
    • 韩国
    • 其他亚太地区
  • 南美洲
    • 阿根廷
    • 巴西
    • 智利
    • 南美洲其他地区
  • 中东/非洲
    • 沙乌地阿拉伯
    • 阿拉伯聯合大公国
    • 卡达
    • 南非
    • 其他中东和非洲

第十二章 主要进展

  • 合约、伙伴关係、协作和合资企业
  • 收购和合併
  • 新产品发布
  • 业务扩展
  • 其他关键策略

第十三章 公司概况

  • Dana Incorporated
  • Hyundai Wia Corporation
  • Nexteer Automotive
  • Meritor, Inc.
  • Yamada Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
  • GSP Automotive Group Wenzhou Co., Ltd.
  • Dorman Products, Inc.
  • Heri Automotive, Inc.
  • Dynamax Industries
  • Showa Corporation
  • American Axle & Manufacturing Co. Ltd
  • Wanxiang Qianchao Co. Ltd
  • JTEKT Corporation
Product Code: SMRC26580

According to Stratistics MRC, the Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market is accounted for $74.2 billion in 2024 and is expected to reach $121.0 billion by 2030 growing at a CAGR of 8.5% during the forecast period. An automotive drive shaft, also known as a propeller shaft, is a mechanical component used to transmit torque and rotation from the engine and transmission to the vehicle's wheels. It plays a crucial role in rear-wheel drive, four-wheel drive, and all-wheel drive vehicles by connecting the transmission to the differential, which then transfers power to the wheels. Typically made of steel or aluminum, the drive shaft must be strong and balanced to handle the stresses of high-speed rotation and varying loads.

According to the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM), China's auto sales surged 29.7% in July 2022, standing at 2.42 million units, compared to the previous year, and Sales of new energy vehicles, which include pure electric vehicles, plug-in hybrids, and hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles, increased 120% in July 2022 from the previous year.

Market Dynamics:

Driver:

Increasing demand for electric vehicles (EVs)

The increasing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) is significantly impacting the market. As EV adoption grows, manufacturers are developing advanced, lightweight drive shafts to enhance efficiency and performance. This surge is driven by environmental concerns, government regulations, and consumer preference for sustainable transportation. Consequently, the market is experiencing a shift towards innovative materials and designs tailored for EV applications, ensuring compatibility with electric drivetrains and contributing to overall vehicle efficiency and reduced emissions.

Restraint:

Disruptions in the automotive supply chain

The market faces significant challenges due to disruptions in the supply chain. These disruptions, caused by factors such as global semiconductor shortages, logistical delays, and fluctuating raw material prices, hinder the timely production and delivery of drive shafts. Additionally, geopolitical tensions and trade restrictions exacerbate these issues, leading to increased costs and production delays. Manufacturers are compelled to seek alternative sourcing strategies and enhance supply chain resilience to mitigate these disruptions and maintain market stability.

Opportunity:

Stringent emission regulations

Stringent emission regulations in the market are driving significant changes. Governments worldwide are enforcing stricter standards to reduce vehicle emissions, compelling manufacturers to adopt advanced materials and technologies. This shift aims to enhance fuel efficiency and minimize environmental impact. The increased focus on lightweight, high-strength materials, such as carbon fiber and aluminum, is crucial for compliance. As a result, drive shaft manufacturers are innovating to meet these regulations, promoting sustainability and reducing the automotive industry's carbon footprint.

Threat:

Fluctuating raw material prices

The market faces challenges due to fluctuating raw material prices, particularly steel and aluminum. These price variations impact manufacturing costs and profit margins, leading to potential instability in product pricing. Manufacturers must adapt by optimizing supply chains and negotiating long-term contracts to mitigate these effects. Additionally, technological advancements and alternative materials may offer solutions, but consistent monitoring of market trends remains essential for maintaining competitiveness and ensuring stable production costs.

Covid-19 Impact:

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted the automotive drive shaft market, causing a steep decline in demand due to halted manufacturing and reduced vehicle sales. Supply chain disruptions led to shortages of raw materials and components, further hindering production. However, as restrictions eased, the market began to recover, driven by renewed automotive production and increased demand for personal vehicles. The shift towards electric vehicles also presented new growth opportunities for advanced drive shaft technologies.

The aluminum segment is expected to be the largest during the forecast period

The aluminum is expected to be the largest during the forecast period. With its lightweight yet durable properties, aluminum is increasingly favored over traditional steel in drive shaft manufacturing. This shift is primarily driven by the automotive industry's quest for enhanced fuel efficiency and performance. Aluminum's excellent strength-to-weight ratio not only reduces vehicle weight but also contributes to lower emissions and improved handling dynamics.

The construction segment is expected to have the highest CAGR during the forecast period

The construction segment is expected to have the highest CAGR during the forecast period. Manufacturers are focusing on developing lightweight yet durable drive shafts to enhance vehicle performance and fuel economy. Additionally, the growing production of electric and hybrid vehicles is further propelling market expansion, prompting investments in research and development for innovative drive shaft solutions. This construction boom in the automotive drive shaft sector reflects the industry's dynamic response to evolving consumer preferences and regulatory standards.

Region with largest share:

North America is projected to hold the largest market share during the forecast period driven by factors such as the region's strong automotive industry, technological advancements, and increasing demand for fuel-efficient vehicles. With a focus on innovation and sustainability, key players are investing in research and development to introduce lightweight and durable drive shafts. Additionally, stringent emission regulations are further propelling market growth as manufacturers strive to meet compliance standards while ensuring optimal vehicle performance.

Region with highest CAGR:

Asia Pacific is projected to hold the highest CAGR over the forecast period. The region is experiencing rapid urbanization, leading to increased demand for automobiles, including passenger cars and commercial vehicles. This surge in automotive sales directly impacts the demand for drive shafts. Stringent regulations related to fuel efficiency and emissions have prompted automakers to adopt lightweight materials and advanced technologies in vehicle components, including drive shafts, to enhance performance and meet regulatory standards.

Key players in the market

Some of the key players in Automotive Drive Shaft Market include Dana Incorporated, Hyundai Wia Corporation, Nexteer Automotive, Meritor, Inc., Yamada Manufacturing Co., Ltd., GSP Automotive Group Wenzhou Co., Ltd., Dorman Products, Inc., Heri Automotive, Inc., Dynamax Industries, Showa Corporation, American Axle & Manufacturing Co. Ltd, Wanxiang Qianchao Co. Ltd and JTEKT Corporation.

Key Developments:

In January 2023, Dana Cardenas opened a new USD 21 million plant in Queretaro, Mexico, with a production line that will make Toyota components. The first production line, which already began with 110 employees, will be joined by two more lines later in 2023 for a total annual production of 545,000 units with 300 employees.

In December 2022, JTEKT Corporation (JTEKT) announced the adoption of their "low-vibration drive shaft" for Toyota Motor Corporation's Lexus RX front-wheel drive. The low-vibration drive shaft uses an "opposite groove construction," in which 6 balls are incorporated in the ball joint on the tire side, and the pushing loads of the opposing three balls cancel each other out, reducing internal friction by half.

Product Types Covered:

  • Single Piece Drive Shaft
  • Two Piece Drive Shaft
  • Slip-in-Tube Drive Shaft
  • Hotchkiss Drive Shaft
  • Hollow Drive Shaft
  • Other Product Types

Vehicle Types Covered:

  • Passenger Cars
  • Commercial Vehicles
  • Electric Vehicles (EVs)

Material Types Covered:

  • Steel
  • Aluminum
  • Carbon Fiber
  • Composite

Applications Covered:

  • Front Wheel Drive (FWD) Vehicles
  • Rear Wheel Drive (RWD) Vehicles
  • All-Wheel Drive (AWD) Vehicles

Sales Channels Covered:

  • Distributors/Wholesalers
  • Retailers
  • Online Retail

End Users Covered:

  • Transportation & Logistics
  • Construction
  • Mining
  • Agriculture
  • Other End Users

Regions Covered:

  • North America
    • US
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • Germany
    • UK
    • Italy
    • France
    • Spain
    • Rest of Europe
  • Asia Pacific
    • Japan
    • China
    • India
    • Australia
    • New Zealand
    • South Korea
    • Rest of Asia Pacific
  • South America
    • Argentina
    • Brazil
    • Chile
    • Rest of South America
  • Middle East & Africa
    • Saudi Arabia
    • UAE
    • Qatar
    • South Africa
    • Rest of Middle East & Africa

What our report offers:

  • Market share assessments for the regional and country-level segments
  • Strategic recommendations for the new entrants
  • Covers Market data for the years 2022, 2023, 2024, 2026, and 2030
  • Market Trends (Drivers, Constraints, Opportunities, Threats, Challenges, Investment Opportunities, and recommendations)
  • Strategic recommendations in key business segments based on the market estimations
  • Competitive landscaping mapping the key common trends
  • Company profiling with detailed strategies, financials, and recent developments
  • Supply chain trends mapping the latest technological advancements

Free Customization Offerings:

All the customers of this report will be entitled to receive one of the following free customization options:

  • Company Profiling
    • Comprehensive profiling of additional market players (up to 3)
    • SWOT Analysis of key players (up to 3)
  • Regional Segmentation
    • Market estimations, Forecasts and CAGR of any prominent country as per the client's interest (Note: Depends on feasibility check)
  • Competitive Benchmarking
    • Benchmarking of key players based on product portfolio, geographical presence, and strategic alliances

Table of Contents

1 Executive Summary

2 Preface

  • 2.1 Abstract
  • 2.2 Stake Holders
  • 2.3 Research Scope
  • 2.4 Research Methodology
    • 2.4.1 Data Mining
    • 2.4.2 Data Analysis
    • 2.4.3 Data Validation
    • 2.4.4 Research Approach
  • 2.5 Research Sources
    • 2.5.1 Primary Research Sources
    • 2.5.2 Secondary Research Sources
    • 2.5.3 Assumptions

3 Market Trend Analysis

  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Drivers
  • 3.3 Restraints
  • 3.4 Opportunities
  • 3.5 Threats
  • 3.6 Product Analysis
  • 3.7 End User Analysis
  • 3.8 Emerging Markets
  • 3.9 Impact of Covid-19

4 Porters Five Force Analysis

  • 4.1 Bargaining power of suppliers
  • 4.2 Bargaining power of buyers
  • 4.3 Threat of substitutes
  • 4.4 Threat of new entrants
  • 4.5 Competitive rivalry

5 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market, By Product Type

  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Single Piece Drive Shaft
  • 5.3 Two Piece Drive Shaft
  • 5.4 Slip-in-Tube Drive Shaft
  • 5.5 Hotchkiss Drive Shaft
  • 5.6 Hollow Drive Shaft
  • 5.7 Other Product Types

6 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market, By Vehicle Type

  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Passenger Cars
  • 6.3 Commercial Vehicles
  • 6.4 Electric Vehicles (EVs)

7 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market, By Material Type

  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Steel
  • 7.3 Aluminum
  • 7.4 Carbon Fiber
  • 7.5 Composite

8 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market, By Position Type

  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 Front Wheel Drive (FWD) Vehicles
  • 8.3 Rear Wheel Drive (RWD) Vehicles
  • 8.4 All-Wheel Drive (AWD) Vehicles

9 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market, By Sales Channel

  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 Distributors/Wholesalers
  • 9.3 Retailers
  • 9.4 Online Retail

10 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market, By End User

  • 10.1 Introduction
  • 10.2 Transportation & Logistics
  • 10.3 Construction
  • 10.4 Mining
  • 10.5 Agriculture
  • 10.6 Other End Users

11 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market, By Geography

  • 11.1 Introduction
  • 11.2 North America
    • 11.2.1 US
    • 11.2.2 Canada
    • 11.2.3 Mexico
  • 11.3 Europe
    • 11.3.1 Germany
    • 11.3.2 UK
    • 11.3.3 Italy
    • 11.3.4 France
    • 11.3.5 Spain
    • 11.3.6 Rest of Europe
  • 11.4 Asia Pacific
    • 11.4.1 Japan
    • 11.4.2 China
    • 11.4.3 India
    • 11.4.4 Australia
    • 11.4.5 New Zealand
    • 11.4.6 South Korea
    • 11.4.7 Rest of Asia Pacific
  • 11.5 South America
    • 11.5.1 Argentina
    • 11.5.2 Brazil
    • 11.5.3 Chile
    • 11.5.4 Rest of South America
  • 11.6 Middle East & Africa
    • 11.6.1 Saudi Arabia
    • 11.6.2 UAE
    • 11.6.3 Qatar
    • 11.6.4 South Africa
    • 11.6.5 Rest of Middle East & Africa

12 Key Developments

  • 12.1 Agreements, Partnerships, Collaborations and Joint Ventures
  • 12.2 Acquisitions & Mergers
  • 12.3 New Product Launch
  • 12.4 Expansions
  • 12.5 Other Key Strategies

13 Company Profiling

  • 13.1 Dana Incorporated
  • 13.2 Hyundai Wia Corporation
  • 13.3 Nexteer Automotive
  • 13.4 Meritor, Inc.
  • 13.5 Yamada Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
  • 13.6 GSP Automotive Group Wenzhou Co., Ltd.
  • 13.7 Dorman Products, Inc.
  • 13.8 Heri Automotive, Inc.
  • 13.9 Dynamax Industries
  • 13.10 Showa Corporation
  • 13.11 American Axle & Manufacturing Co. Ltd
  • 13.12 Wanxiang Qianchao Co. Ltd
  • 13.13 JTEKT Corporation

List of Tables

  • Table 1 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market Outlook, By Region (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 2 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market Outlook, By Product Type (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 3 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market Outlook, By Single Piece Drive Shaft (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 4 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market Outlook, By Two Piece Drive Shaft (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 5 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market Outlook, By Slip-in-Tube Drive Shaft (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 6 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market Outlook, By Hotchkiss Drive Shaft (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 7 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market Outlook, By Hollow Drive Shaft (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 8 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market Outlook, By Other Product Types (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 9 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market Outlook, By Vehicle Type (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 10 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market Outlook, By Passenger Cars (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 11 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market Outlook, By Commercial Vehicles (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 12 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market Outlook, By Electric Vehicles (EVs) (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 13 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market Outlook, By Material Type (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 14 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market Outlook, By Steel (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 15 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market Outlook, By Aluminum (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 16 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market Outlook, By Carbon Fiber (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 17 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market Outlook, By Composite (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 18 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market Outlook, By Position Type (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 19 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market Outlook, By Front Wheel Drive (FWD) Vehicles (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 20 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market Outlook, By Rear Wheel Drive (RWD) Vehicles (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 21 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market Outlook, By All-Wheel Drive (AWD) Vehicles (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 22 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market Outlook, By Sales Channel (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 23 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market Outlook, By Distributors/Wholesalers (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 24 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market Outlook, By Retailers (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 25 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market Outlook, By Online Retail (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 26 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market Outlook, By End User (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 27 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market Outlook, By Transportation & Logistics (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 28 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market Outlook, By Construction (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 29 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market Outlook, By Mining (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 30 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market Outlook, By Agriculture (2022-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 31 Global Automotive Drive Shaft Market Outlook, By Other End Users (2022-2030) ($MN)

Note: Tables for North America, Europe, APAC, South America, and Middle East & Africa Regions are also represented in the same manner as above.