市场调查报告书
商品编码
1569820
2030 年石墨电极市场预测:按电极等级、电极尺寸、金属类型、应用、最终用户和地区进行的全球分析Graphite Electrode Market Forecasts to 2030 - Global Analysis By Electrode Grade (Ultra High Power, High Power and Regular Power ), Electrode Size (Small Diameter and Large Diameter ), Metal Type, Application, End User and By Geography |
根据Stratistics MRC的数据,2024年全球石墨电极市场规模为162亿美元,预计在预测期内将以5.3%的复合年增长率增长,到2030年达到222亿美元。
石墨电极是由优质石油焦和煤焦油沥青製成的圆柱形零件,主要用于钢铁生产和其他金属冶炼过程的电弧炉。这些电极导电,产生电弧,产生高热来熔化和提炼金属。石墨电极具有高导电性、耐热性和低杂质的特点,有各种等级(UHP、HP、RP)和尺寸可供选择。石墨电极在钢铁工业中发挥重要作用,也用于铸造、硅生产和电极涂层等非钢应用。
根据世界钢铁协会统计,2020年电炉钢产量占全球粗钢产量的26.3%,而这一份额预计还会成长。
钢铁产量增加
全球钢铁产量的增加是石墨电极市场的主要驱动因素。根据世界钢铁协会统计,2021年全球粗钢产量达19.505亿吨,较2020年成长3.7%。石墨电极是钢铁生产中使用的电弧炉(EAF)的重要组成部分,特别是在废钢回收中。由于石墨电极的灵活性和对环境影响较小,向电弧炉炼钢的转变将进一步推动对石墨电极的需求。随着新兴经济体继续投资基础设施,对钢铁以及石墨电极的需求预计将增长。
製造成本高
石墨电极的製造过程是能源集中的,需要高品质的原料,特别是针状焦。原物料价格和能源成本的波动对製造成本有重大影响。近年来,针状焦价格波动较大,影响了石墨电极製造商的盈利。此外,石墨电极的生产专业化,需要大量的设备和技术资金投入。这些高成本可能会限制新参与企业的市场进入,并可能导致最终用户的价格上涨,从而影响市场成长。
电动车的扩张
石墨是电动车中使用的锂离子电池的关键成分。随着电动车产量的扩大,对优质石墨的需求预计将激增。根据国际能源总署 (IEA) 的数据,2021 年全球电动车销量将翻一番,达到 660 万辆。这一趋势预计将鼓励对石墨生产和加工技术的投资。儘管电极中使用的合成石墨与电池石墨不同,但拥有石墨生产专业知识的製造商处于有利位置,可以多元化进入这个不断增长的市场,从而有可能创造新的收益来源。
替代材料的开发
对碳化硅和先进碳复合材料等新型电极材料的研究旨在提高钢铁生产的性能并降低成本。一些替代材料可能具有更长的使用寿命或更好的导电性。用于铁生产的基于氢的直接还原製程作为一种低碳替代方案正在受到关注。此外,炼钢技术的进步减少或消除了对石墨电极的需求也可能影响市场需求。
由于钢铁产量减少和供应链中断,COVID-19 大流行最初扰乱了石墨电极市场。然而,随着经济復苏,钢铁需求回升,特别是在中国,带动石墨电极的消费。疫情加速了炼钢向电弧炉的转变,石墨电极市场受益。长期影响包括更关注供应链的弹性和产能替代的潜力。
钢铁业预计将在预测期内成为最大的行业
预计在预测期内,钢铁业将占据石墨电极市场的最大市场占有率。这项优点归功于石墨电极在钢铁生产的电弧炉 (EAF) 中的广泛使用。电弧炉因其灵活性、效率和回收废钢的能力而越来越受到青睐,从而实现永续性目标。钢铁业正在向电炉炼钢转型,特别是在新兴经济体,加上建筑和基础设施计划对钢铁的需求不断增加,正在巩固钢铁业的市场领导地位。
高功率(UHP) 领域预计在预测期内复合年增长率最高
预计在预测期内,高功率(UHP)领域将在石墨电极市场中呈现最高成长率。 UHP电极专为大容量电弧炉设计,在载流能力和耐热性方面表现出优异的性能。这些电极对于需要更高功率输入的现代化高效炼钢製程至关重要。钢铁业越来越多地寻求更大、更有效率的电弧炉,从而增加了对超高压电极的需求。随着钢铁生产不断发展为更先进、更有效率的方法,超高压领域有望显着成长。
预计在预测期内,亚太地区将占据石墨电极市场的最大市场占有率。这项优势主要得益于强大的钢铁工业,尤其是中国和印度等国家。根据世界钢铁协会统计,2021年亚洲粗钢产量为13.749亿吨,占全球产量的70.5%。该地区快速的工业化、都市化和基础设施发展正在推动对钢铁的巨大需求,从而带动石墨电极的消费。此外,领先石墨电极製造商的出现以及中国等国家向电弧炉炼钢的转变,进一步巩固了亚太地区石墨电极行业的市场领导地位。
在预测期内,亚太地区石墨电极市场预计将以最高的复合年增长率成长。这种快速成长是由新兴经济体工业化程度提高、钢铁产能增加以及政府促进基础设施发展的努力所推动的。印度和东南亚国家等国家正在扩大钢铁产能,而电弧炉技术因其灵活性和低环境影响而往往受到青睐。该地区对减少钢铁业碳排放的关注可能会加速电弧炉技术的采用,从而推动对石墨电极的需求。此外,汽车、建筑和可再生能源基础设施等产业的投资也促进了钢铁需求的增加,进一步加速了亚太地区石墨电极市场的成长。
According to Stratistics MRC, the Global Graphite Electrode Market is accounted for $16.2 billion in 2024 and is expected to reach $22.2 billion by 2030 growing at a CAGR of 5.3% during the forecast period. A graphite electrode is a cylindrical component made from high-quality petroleum coke and coal tar pitch, used primarily in electric arc furnaces for steel production and other metal smelting processes. These electrodes conduct electricity to create an electric arc, generating intense heat for melting and refining metals. Characterized by their high electrical conductivity, thermal resistance, and low impurity content, graphite electrodes are available in various grades (UHP, HP, RP) and sizes. They play a crucial role in the steel industry and are also used in non-steel applications like foundries, silicon production, and electrode coating.
According to the World Steel Association, EAF-based steel production accounted for 26.3% of global crude steel output in 2020, and this share is expected to grow.
Growing steel production
The increasing global steel production is a primary driver for the graphite electrode market. According to the World Steel Association, global crude steel production reached 1,950.5 million tonnes in 2021, a 3.7% increase from 2020. Graphite electrodes are essential components in electric arc furnaces (EAFs) used in steel production, particularly for recycling scrap steel. The shift towards EAF-based steelmaking, driven by its flexibility and lower environmental impact, further boosts demand for graphite electrodes. As emerging economies continue to invest in infrastructure development, the demand for steel and consequently graphite electrodes is expected to grow.
High production costs
The manufacturing process of graphite electrodes is energy-intensive and requires high-quality raw materials, particularly needle coke. Fluctuations in raw material prices and energy costs can significantly impact production expenses. Needle coke prices have been volatile in recent years, affecting graphite electrode manufacturers' profitability. Additionally, the specialized nature of graphite electrode production requires substantial capital investment in equipment and technology. These high costs can limit market entry for new players and potentially lead to higher prices for end-users, affecting market growth.
Expansion in electric vehicles
Graphite is a crucial component in lithium-ion batteries used in EVs. As EV production scales up, the demand for high-quality graphite is expected to surge. According to the International Energy Agency, global EV sales doubled in 2021 to 6.6 million units. This trend is likely to drive investments in graphite production and processing technologies. While synthetic graphite used in electrodes differs from battery-grade graphite, manufacturers with expertise in graphite production are well-positioned to diversify into this growing market, potentially creating new revenue streams.
Development of alternative materials
Research into new electrode materials, such as silicon carbide or advanced carbon composites, aims to improve performance and reduce costs in steel production. Some alternatives may offer benefits like a longer lifespan or better electrical conductivity. Hydrogen-based direct reduction processes for iron production are gaining attention as a low-carbon alternative. Additionally, advancements in steelmaking technologies that reduce or eliminate the need for graphite electrodes could impact market demand.
The COVID-19 pandemic initially disrupted the graphite electrode market due to reduced steel production and supply chain interruptions. However, as economies recovered, steel demand rebounded, particularly in China, driving graphite electrode consumption. The pandemic accelerated the shift towards electric arc furnaces in steelmaking, benefiting the graphite electrode market. Long-term impacts include increased focus on supply chain resilience and potential reshoring of production capacities.
The steel segment is expected to be the largest during the forecast period
The steel segment is projected to account for the largest market share during the projection period in the graphite electrode market. This dominance is attributed to the widespread use of graphite electrodes in electric arc furnaces (EAFs) for steel production. EAFs are increasingly preferred for their flexibility, efficiency, and ability to recycle scrap steel, aligning with sustainability goals. The steel industry's ongoing shift towards EAFs, particularly in emerging economies, coupled with the increasing demand for steel in construction and infrastructure projects, solidifies the steel segment's market leadership in the market.
The ultra high power (UHP) segment is expected to have the highest CAGR during the forecast period
Over the forecast period, the ultra high power (UHP) segment is predicted to witness the highest growth rate in the graphite electrode market. UHP electrodes are designed for high-capacity electric arc furnaces, offering superior performance in terms of current-carrying capacity and thermal resistance. These electrodes are crucial for modern, high-efficiency steelmaking processes that require higher power inputs. The growing trend towards larger and more efficient EAFs in the steel industry drives the demand for UHP electrodes. As steel production continues to evolve towards more advanced and efficient methods, the UHP segment is poised for substantial growth.
The Asia Pacific region is projected to account for the largest market share during the forecast period in the graphite electrode market. This dominance is primarily due to the region's robust steel industry, particularly in countries like China and India. According to the World Steel Association, Asia produced 1,374.9 million tonnes of crude steel in 2021, accounting for 70.5% of global production. The region's rapid industrialization, urbanization, and infrastructure development drive substantial demand for steel, consequently boosting graphite electrode consumption. Additionally, the presence of major graphite electrode manufacturers and the shift towards EAF-based steelmaking in countries like China further solidify Asia Pacific's market leadership in the graphite electrode industry.
During the projection period, the Asia Pacific segment is expected to grow at the highest CAGR in the graphite electrode market. This rapid growth is fueled by the ongoing industrialization in emerging economies, increasing steel production capacities, and government initiatives promoting infrastructure development. Countries like India and Southeast Asian nations are expanding their steel production capabilities, often favoring EAF technology for its flexibility and lower environmental impact. The region's focus on reducing carbon emissions in the steel industry is likely to accelerate the adoption of EAF technology, driving demand for graphite electrodes. Furthermore, investments in sectors like automotive, construction, and renewable energy infrastructure contribute to the growing steel demand, further accelerating the graphite electrode market growth in Asia Pacific.
Key players in the market
Some of the key players in Graphite Electrode market Include GrafTech International, Showa Denko K.K., Graphite India Limited, HEG Limited, Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd., Nippon Carbon Co., Ltd., SEC Carbon Limited, SANGRAF International, Fangda Carbon New Material Co., Ltd, EPM Group, Zhongze Group, Kaifeng Carbon Co., Ltd., Nantong Yangzi Carbon Co., Ltd., Jilin Carbon Co., Ltd., UKRGRAFIT, Qingdao Tennry Carbon Co., Ltd. and RongXing Group.
In October 2023, Nippon Carbon Co., Ltd. partnered with TMS International to become the exclusive distributor of graphite electrodes in North America beginning January 1, 2024.
In August 2023, HEG Limited announced plans to expand its graphite electrode production capacity from 80,000 to 100,000 tons. The company hoped to begin commercial production of graphite electrodes at the new expansion location in early 2023.
In January 2023, Showa Denko K.K. and Showa Denko Materials Co., Ltd. merged and transformed themselves into newly integrated company "Resonac". Resonac Group positions the launch of the newly integrated company as "the second inauguration," aiming to become a world-leading chemical company with advanced functional materials through further transformation efforts.
Note: Tables for North America, Europe, APAC, South America, and Middle East & Africa Regions are also represented in the same manner as above.