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市场调查报告书
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1359866
热能储存市场-全球产业规模、份额、趋势、机会和预测,2018-2028F 按技术、按储存材料、按应用、按最终用户、按地区、竞争Thermal Energy Storage Market-Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Opportunity, and Forecast, 2018-2028F By Technology, By Storage Material, By Application, By End User, By Region, Competition |
2022年全球热能储存市场价值为188.9亿美元,预计到2028年将达到497.2亿美元,2021年至2030年的预测期内复合年增长率为9.18%。热能储存是指透过利用各种根据温度波动储存和释放能量的材料。该技术可应用于热泵、发电厂和废弃物管理系统。透过利用热能储存系统,可以减少尖峰时段的能源需求,从而减少二氧化碳排放并减少最终消费者的能源消耗。热能储存广泛应用于火力发电厂和太阳能发电厂,以确保即使在夜间也能稳定供电,并在製程工业中利用热量。此外,再生能源发电的日益普及以及对暖通空调热能储存系统不断增长的需求也带来了其他引人注目的因素。此外,对温室气体排放和燃料价格上涨的日益关注预计将进一步刺激对先进热能储存系统的需求。
市场概况 | |
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预测期 | 2024-2028 |
2022 年市场规模 | 256.5亿美元 |
2028 年市场规模 | 434.5亿美元 |
2023-2028 年复合年增长率 | 9.25% |
成长最快的细分市场 | 潜热储存 |
最大的市场 | 欧洲 |
能源部门脱碳和减少碳排放以应对全球气候变迁是世界各国政府、能源当局和公用事业公司的重要目标。 IRENA 表示,加速部署再生能源,加上电气化和提高电网能源效率,到 2050 年可以实现 90% 以上的二氧化碳 (CO2) 减排量,符合巴黎气候目标。 2019年,全球再生能源装置容量增加176吉瓦,较2018年成长7.4%。水力发电产业復苏,带动整体发电量成长。 2018年,太阳能发电超过生物能源,成为第三大再生能源发电来源。太阳能和风力发电分别大幅增加 28% 和 11%。自2014 年以来,这两种来源合计占再生能源成长的73%。在强有力的联邦政策机制(例如太阳能投资税收抵免)和不断增长的需求的推动下,太阳能在全球范围内实现了49% 的惊人年均成长率北美、欧洲和亚太地区主要经济体的清洁能源。
商业化的不断发展和高峰时段使用量的增加推动了对电力的需求,以及智慧基础设施中对供暖和製冷应用的需求,正在推动市场成长。已开发国家和发展中国家对再生能源技术的支持性政府政策进一步促进了这种扩张。全球许多国家都在投资再生能源,刺激不同经济体的市场成长。对太阳能和风能的投资不仅可以创造就业机会,还可以减少排放并促进创新。许多政府的主要目标之一是减少能源部门的碳排放,从而缓解全球气候变迁。这一目标提高了电网的能源效率,从而减少了二氧化碳排放。例如,印度政府的目标是到 2022 年安装 175 吉瓦的再生能源容量,包括风能、生物能、太阳能和水力发电。同样,西班牙政府计划在 2030 年增加 157 吉瓦的可再生能源容量。利用热能储存可以提高可靠性、降低投资成本、提高整体效率并降低营运费用。此外,分散式再生能源技术的快速成长将成为市场的驱动力。
热能储存技术的成本会根据应用、尺寸和隔热技术的不同而有所不同。与它们提供的储存容量相比,基于相变材料(PCM)和热化学储存的系统通常具有更高的成本。储存系统通常占系统总成本的 30% 至 40% 左右。正在进行的储能技术研究旨在减少前期资本需求,使热能储存在不久的将来更具竞争力。
显热储存的储存容量范围为10kWh/t至50kWh/t,储存效率在50%至90%之间,取决于储存媒体的比热和隔热技术。 PCM 可提供更高的储存容量和 75% 至 90% 的效率。在大多数情况下,储存基于固相或液相变,能量密度约为100 kWh/m3(例如冰)。热化学储存(TCS)系统可实现高达 250 kWh/t 的储存容量,工作温度超过 300°C,效率从 75% 到接近 100%。
完整的显热储存系统的成本在 0.1 欧元/kWh 至 10 欧元/kWh(0.11 美元/kWh 和 10.7 美元/kWh)之间,具体取决于尺寸、应用和隔热技术。 PCM 和 TCS 系统的成本通常较高。这些系统涉及与实现足够的充电或放电功率所需的热(和品质)传递技术相关的大量费用。使用 PCM 的潜热储存系统的成本范围为 10 欧元/kWh 至 50 欧元/kWh(10.7 美元/kWh 至 53.5/kWh),而 TCS 成本估计为 8 欧元/kWh 至 100 欧元/kWh(8.56 美元/kWh)至107/kWh)。热能储存的经济可行性在很大程度上取决于应用和操作要求,包括储存週期的数量和频率。
建造 TES 系统所需的大量资本投资一直是市场扩张的主要限制因素。然而,由于製造流程的改进和标准化,以及对先进储存材料的需求不断增加,该技术变得更具竞争力。此外,对碳减排和光热发电发电厂发展的积极看法预计将推动未来几年的市场成长。
全球许多国家正在转向再生能源发电并采用热能储存来实现碳减排目标。此外,政府、协会和大学正在积极投资研发,以开发对环境影响最小或为零的创新储热介质。在此背景下,智慧感测器、物联网和人工智慧等尖端技术的出现预计将显着提高热能储存的效率。
预计发电领域在预测期内将显着成长。离网和偏远地区对可靠且具有成本效益的电力供应的需求不断增长,将推动这一领域的发展。此外,旨在促进太阳能发电厂发电的各种政府措施的实施将进一步促进发电领域的成长。根据上网电价补贴计划,再生能源发电供应商获得每单位发电的零售电价,并可将多余的电力卖回电网。
预计熔盐技术在预测期内将大幅成长。该领域的成长可归因于其高技术效率及其在各种太阳能专案中的应用。熔盐用于储存透过太阳能槽和太阳能塔收集的热量。透过此技术利用的热量随后被转化为过热蒸汽,为蒸汽涡轮机提供动力。
欧洲占据了最大的收入份额,预计在整个预测期内将保持领先地位。该地区的特点是拥有大量热能储存系统,用于空间供暖、热水、区域供热和製冷以及发电等各种应用。西班牙因其众多正在运作的 TES 计画以及 Abengoa Solar 等主要参与者的存在而成为该区域市场成长的主要贡献者。欧洲各国政府开发了一种称为欧洲模式的模式,该模式根据特定地区的人口密度有效地储存和分配能源。值得注意的是,德国联邦政府大力投资电能储存的高级研究,特别是与住宅太阳能板的使用相关的研究。
全球热能储存市场报告以及给定的市场资料,技术科学研究根据公司的具体需求提供客製化服务。该报告可以使用以下自订选项:
TThe global thermal energy storage market was valued at USD 18.89 billion in 2022 and is projected to reach USD 49.72 billion by 2028, exhibiting a CAGR of 9.18% during the forecast period from 2021 to 2030. Thermal energy storage refers to the storage of energy by utilizing various materials that store and release energy based on temperature fluctuations. This technology finds its applications in heat pumps, power plants, and waste management systems. By leveraging thermal energy storage systems, energy demand during peak hours can be reduced, resulting in lower carbon dioxide emissions and decreased energy consumption for end consumers. Thermal energy storage is extensively used in thermal power plants and solar power plants to ensure a steady power supply, even during nighttime, and to harness heat in process industries. Furthermore, the increasing adoption of renewable power generation and the growing demand for HVAC thermal energy storage systems present other compelling factors. Additionally, the rising concern over greenhouse gas emissions and escalating fuel prices is anticipated to further stimulate the demand for advanced thermal energy storage systems.
Market Overview | |
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Forecast Period | 2024-2028 |
Market Size 2022 | USD 25.65 billion |
Market Size 2028 | USD 43.45 billion |
CAGR 2023-2028 | 9.25% |
Fastest Growing Segment | Latent Heat Storage |
Largest Market | Europe |
The decarbonization of the energy sector and the reduction of carbon emissions to combat global climate change are crucial objectives for governments, energy authorities, and utilities worldwide. According to IRENA, the accelerated deployment of renewable energy, coupled with electrification and improved energy efficiency of the electric grid, can deliver more than 90% of the necessary carbon dioxide (CO2) emission reductions by 2050, in line with the Paris Climate targets. In 2019, the global renewable energy installed capacity increased by 176 GW, representing a growth rate of 7.4% compared to 2018. The hydropower sector witnessed a recovery, contributing to the overall generation growth. Solar generation surpassed bioenergy in 2018, becoming the third-largest source of renewable electricity generation. Solar and wind generation saw significant increases of 28% and 11% respectively. Together, these two sources accounted for 73% of renewable energy growth since 2014. Solar energy experienced a remarkable average annual growth rate of 49% globally, driven by strong federal policy mechanisms, such as the Investment Tax Credit for solar power, and rising demand for clean energy across major economies in North America, Europe, and the Asia Pacific region.
In China, renewable energy sources contributed to 26.7% of the country's total power generation in 2018, with hydro, wind, PV, and biomass making significant contributions. China has set ambitious solar targets, aiming to reach at least 210 GW, and potentially up to 270 GW, by 2020. The Government of India has also set a target of installing 175 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2022, including wind, bio power, solar, and small hydropower. Spain has raised its renewable energy target to 74% by 2030 and plans to add 157 GW of renewable energy capacity. Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) generation increased by an estimated 34% in 2019 and is expected to continue growing. Continuous policy support for CSP projects across various regions, including the Middle East and Africa, Asia Pacific, and North America, will contribute to this growth.
Thermal energy storage plays a vital role in CSP plants, enabling the storage of solar heat for electricity production during periods without sunlight. This ensures uninterrupted operations and offers advantages such as increased reliability, improved overall efficiency, reduced costs, and lower carbon dioxide emissions. The integration of thermal energy storage in CSP plants is expected to drive market growth.
The demand for electricity, driven by growing commercialization and heightened usage during peak hours, alongside the need for heating and cooling applications in smart infrastructure, is fueling market growth. Supportive government policies in developed and developing nations for renewable energy technologies further contribute to this expansion. Many countries worldwide are investing in renewables, stimulating market growth across diverse economies. Investments in solar and wind power are not only creating jobs but also reducing emissions and fostering innovation. One of the primary goals of numerous governments is to curtail carbon emissions in the energy sector, thus mitigating global climate change. This objective has led to improved energy efficiency in electric grids, resulting in reduced carbon dioxide emissions. For instance, the Government of India aims to install 175 gigawatts of renewable energy capacity by 2022, encompassing wind, biopower, solar, and hydropower sources. Similarly, the Spanish government plans to add 157 gigawatts of renewable energy capacity by 2030. The utilization of thermal energy storage offers enhanced reliability, reduced investment costs, increased overall efficiency, and lower operational expenses. Furthermore, the rapid growth of decentralized renewable energy technologies will act as a driving force for the market.
The cost of thermal energy storage technologies varies depending on the application, size, and thermal insulation technology. Phase change material (PCM) and thermochemical storage-based systems generally have higher costs compared to the storage capacity they provide. Storage systems typically account for around 30% to 40% of the total system cost. Ongoing research in energy storage technologies aims to reduce upfront capital requirements, making thermal energy storage more competitive in the near future.
Sensible heat storage offers a storage capacity ranging from 10 kWh/t to 50 kWh/t, with storage efficiencies between 50% and 90%, depending on the specific heat of the storage medium and thermal insulation technologies. PCMs can provide higher storage capacity and efficiencies in the range of 75% to 90%. In most cases, storage is based on solid or liquid phase change, with energy densities around 100 kWh/m3 (e.g., ice). Thermal chemical storage (TCS) systems can achieve storage capacities of up to 250 kWh/t, with operating temperatures exceeding 300°C and efficiencies ranging from 75% to nearly 100%.
The cost of a complete sensible heat storage system ranges between Euros 0.1/kWh and 10/kWh (USD 0.11/kWh and 10.7/kWh), depending on the size, application, and thermal insulation technology. Costs for PCM and TCS systems are generally higher. These systems involve significant expenses associated with the heat (and mass) transfer technology required to achieve sufficient charging or discharging power. Costs for latent heat storage systems using PCMs range from Euros 10/kWh to 50/kWh (USD 10.7/kWh to 53.5/kWh), while TCS costs are estimated to range from Euros 8/kWh to 100/kWh (USD 8.56/kWh to 107/kWh). The economic feasibility of thermal energy storage heavily depends on the application and operational requirements, including the number and frequency of storage cycles.
The significant capital investment required for constructing TES systems has been a major constraint on market expansion. However, the technology has become more competitive due to improvements and standardization in the manufacturing process, as well as the increasing demand for advanced storage materials. Furthermore, the positive perspective on carbon emissions reduction and the development of CSP plants is expected to drive market growth in the coming years.
Numerous countries worldwide are transitioning towards renewable energy generation and embracing thermal energy storage to achieve carbon reduction goals. Furthermore, governments, associations, and universities are actively investing in research and development to develop innovative thermal storage mediums with minimal or zero environmental impact. In this context, the advent of cutting-edge technologies such as smart sensors, IoT, and AI is anticipated to significantly enhance the efficiency of thermal energy storage.
The power generation segment is projected to experience significant growth during the forecast period. The increasing demand for reliable and cost-effective power supply in off-grid and remote areas will drive this segment. Furthermore, the implementation of various government initiatives aimed at promoting electricity generation from solar power plants will further enhance the growth of the power generation segment. Under the feed-in tariff scheme, renewable power generation suppliers receive retail electricity prices for each unit generated and can sell any excess power back to the grid.
Molten salt technology is anticipated to experience substantial growth during the forecast period. The growth of this segment can be attributed to its high technological efficiency, as well as its application in various solar energy projects. Molten salt is utilized for storing the heat collected through solar troughs and solar towers. This heat, harnessed through this technology, is then converted into superheated steam to power steam turbines.
Europe accounted for the largest share of revenue and is projected to maintain its lead throughout the forecast period. The region is characterized by a significant number of thermal energy storage systems used for various applications such as space heating, water heating, district heating and cooling, and power generation. Spain emerges as the key contributor to the regional market growth due to its numerous operational TES projects and the presence of major players like Abengoa Solar. The governments of Europe have developed a model known as the European model, which efficiently stores and distributes energy based on population density in specific regions. Notably, the federal government of Germany heavily invests in advanced research for electrical energy storage, particularly in relation to its use in residential solar panels.
In this report, the Global Thermal Energy Storage Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:
Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Thermal Energy Storage Market.
Global Thermal Energy Storage Market report with the given market data, Tech Sci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report: