地下水电站市场－全球产业规模、份额、趋势、机会和预测（按类型、按容量、按最终用户、按地区和竞争细分，2020-2030 年）

2024 年全球地下水电站市场价值为 688.7 亿美元，预计到 2030 年将达到 825.9 亿美元，预测期内复合年增长率为 2.92%。

地下水电站市场是指专注于开发、建造和营运水力发电厂的产业。这些发电站主要建于地表下，通常建于山区、深层隧道或地下洞穴内。这些设施利用水的位能和动能发电，通常使用策略性地放置在地质稳定的环境中的地下水库、压力水管、涡轮机和发电机。与地面电站相比，地下水电站具有多种优势，包括更低的视觉和生态足迹、更佳的环境和气候保护以及更高的营运安全性。

随着各国政府和私营部门优先考虑再生和低排放能源，以满足全球永续发展目标和能源安全需求，这个市场正在蓬勃发展。都市化进程的加速和人口稠密地区土地资源的匮乏也推动了地下基础设施的建设，这使得地下开发成为一种切实可行的解决方案。此外，隧道技术、土木工程和数位监控系统的进步显着降低了地下水电设施的施工复杂性和营运风险。

抽水蓄能是地下水电站的主要应用之一，它透过储存剩余能源并在高峰需求时段释放，从而保障电网稳定，也促进了市场扩张。这对于正在将大量间歇性太阳能和风能併入电网的国家来说极具吸引力。此外，随着对老旧水力发电基础设施进行现代化改造的投资不断增加，以及将地下水电与太阳能、风能等其他能源相结合的混合可再生能源系统的开发，预计市场也将从中受益。

关键市场驱动因素

再生能源需求不断成长

主要市场挑战

资金投入高，回收期长

主要市场趋势

数位监控与自动化技术的融合

目录

第 1 章：产品概述

第二章：研究方法

第三章：执行摘要

第四章：顾客之声

第五章：全球地下水电站市场展望

• 市场规模和预测
  • 按价值
• 市场占有率和预测
  • 按类型（蓄能地下水电站、径流式地下水电站、抽水蓄能地下水电站）
  • 按容量（小于100兆瓦，100-500兆瓦，大于500兆瓦）
  • 按最终用户（工业、住宅、商业、公用事业）
  • 按地区（北美、欧洲、南美、中东和非洲、亚太地区）
• 按公司分类（2024 年）
• 市场地图

第六章：北美地下水电站市场展望

• 市场规模和预测
• 市场占有率和预测
• 北美：国家分析
  • 美国
  • 加拿大
  • 墨西哥

第七章：欧洲地下水电站市场展望

• 市场规模和预测
• 市场占有率和预测
• 欧洲：国家分析
  • 德国
  • 法国
  • 英国
  • 义大利
  • 西班牙

第八章：亚太地下水电站市场展望

• 市场规模和预测
• 市场占有率和预测
• 亚太地区：国家分析
  • 中国
  • 印度
  • 日本
  • 韩国
  • 澳洲

第九章：中东和非洲地下水电站市场展望

• 市场规模和预测
• 市场占有率和预测
• 中东和非洲：国家分析
  • 沙乌地阿拉伯
  • 阿联酋
  • 南非

第十章：南美洲地下水电站市场展望

• 市场规模和预测
• 市场占有率和预测
• 南美洲：国家分析
  • 巴西
  • 哥伦比亚
  • 阿根廷

第 11 章：市场动态

• 驱动程式
• 挑战

第 12 章：市场趋势与发展

• 合併与收购（如有）
• 产品发布（如有）
• 最新动态

第十三章：公司简介

• Andritz Hydro GmbH
• General Electric Company (GE Renewable Energy)
• Voith Hydro GmbH & Co. KG
• Siemens Energy AG
• Toshiba Energy Systems & Solutions Corporation
• RusHydro Group
• Hitachi Energy Ltd.
• China Three Gorges Corporation
• SNC-Lavalin Group Inc. (AtkinsRealis)
• Larsen & Toubro Limited

第 14 章：策略建议

第15章调查会社について・免责事项

Global Underground Hydro Power Plant Market was valued at USD 68.87 billion in 2024 and is expected to reach USD 82.59 billion by 2030 with a CAGR of 2.92% during the forecast period.

The Underground Hydro Power Plant market refers to the sector focused on the development, construction, and operation of hydroelectric power stations that are primarily built below the surface of the earth, typically within mountains, deep tunnels, or underground caverns. These facilities leverage the potential and kinetic energy of water to generate electricity, often using subterranean reservoirs, penstocks, turbines, and generators strategically placed in geologically stable environments. Underground hydro power plants offer multiple advantages over surface plants, including lower visual and ecological footprints, enhanced protection from environmental and climatic disruptions, and increased operational security.

This market is gaining momentum as governments and private stakeholders prioritize renewable and low-emission energy sources to meet global sustainability goals and energy security needs. The shift toward underground infrastructure is also driven by the growing urbanization and land scarcity in densely populated regions, which makes subterranean development a practical solution. Furthermore, advancements in tunneling technology, civil engineering, and digital monitoring systems have significantly reduced construction complexities and operational risks associated with underground hydro installations.

Pumped storage, one of the key applications of underground hydro plants, is also contributing to market expansion as it enables grid stability by storing surplus energy and releasing it during peak demand periods, making it highly attractive to countries integrating high volumes of intermittent solar and wind power into their grids. The market is also expected to benefit from increasing investments in modernizing aging hydroelectric infrastructure and the development of hybrid renewable energy systems that combine underground hydro with other sources such as solar and wind.

Key Market Drivers

Increasing Demand for Renewable Energy Sources

The global push for sustainable energy solutions is a primary driver for the Underground Hydro Power Plant Market. Governments, industries, and consumers are prioritizing renewable energy to meet climate goals and reduce reliance on fossil fuels, which contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. Underground hydropower plants, leveraging the kinetic energy of water to generate electricity, offer a reliable and environmentally friendly solution. These facilities minimize land use conflicts and ecological disruptions compared to traditional surface hydropower plants, making them attractive for regions with stringent environmental regulations.

The ability of underground plants to operate in diverse terrains, including mountainous or densely populated areas, enhances their appeal. Additionally, their design reduces visual and environmental impacts, aligning with sustainability objectives. As nations commit to net-zero targets, such as those outlined in the Paris Agreement, underground hydropower plants are increasingly integrated into energy portfolios. Their capacity to provide stable, low-carbon electricity supports grid reliability, especially when paired with intermittent sources like solar and wind. This driver is fueled by global energy policies promoting clean energy transitions and incentivizing infrastructure investments that prioritize long-term environmental benefits.

In 2022, global hydropower generation reached 4,429 terawatt-hours, accounting for 17% of global electricity production, with underground facilities contributing to this due to their ability to harness water energy in constrained environments. The International Energy Agency notes that hydropower's share in renewable energy capacity was 37% in 2022, underscoring its critical role. Underground plants, with their lower environmental footprint, are estimated to have supported 5% of this capacity, equating to roughly 221 terawatt-hours globally.

Key Market Challenges

High Capital Investment and Long Payback Period

One of the most pressing challenges facing the underground hydro power plant market is the substantial initial capital investment required for project development and the associated long payback period. Constructing underground hydroelectric facilities involves complex engineering designs, extensive geological surveys, specialized tunneling operations, and the procurement of heavy-duty electro-mechanical equipment. These factors significantly increase the capital cost when compared to conventional surface hydro power plants. Moreover, due to the underground nature of these projects, additional financial resources are allocated to mitigate geological uncertainties, address potential seismic vulnerabilities, and ensure structural stability.

The cost of acquiring skilled labor, advanced boring equipment, and high-precision civil engineering services adds further to the financial burden. In addition, permitting, regulatory compliance, and environmental assessments can extend project timelines, which ultimately delays revenue generation and return on investment. For private developers and investors, the long gestation period presents a deterrent, especially in economies where short-term returns are prioritized over long-term infrastructure benefits. Although governments in developed nations may offer subsidies or policy incentives, such financial mechanisms are often unavailable or insufficient in emerging markets.

Additionally, the complexity of securing financing for such capital-intensive projects can discourage institutional investors and financial institutions due to perceived risks and long amortization cycles. This issue is further complicated by fluctuating interest rates, currency volatility in developing nations, and competing investment opportunities in more scalable and modular renewable energy solutions like solar and wind power. In summary, the underground hydro power plant market is constrained by high capital expenditure and extended break-even timelines, which may inhibit market participation, particularly in capital-sensitive and high-risk geographies.

Key Market Trends

Integration of Digital Monitoring and Automation Technologies

One of the most prominent trends shaping the underground hydro power plant market is the accelerated adoption of advanced digital monitoring and automation technologies. As underground hydroelectric systems operate in highly complex and confined environments, the integration of real-time monitoring solutions is becoming essential to ensure operational efficiency, safety, and reliability.

Operators are increasingly implementing supervisory control and data acquisition systems, remote sensing technologies, Internet of Things-based instrumentation, and predictive analytics to oversee critical functions such as water flow regulation, turbine performance, and structural integrity. These technologies enable proactive maintenance by detecting faults or inefficiencies before they lead to costly downtime or equipment failure. Additionally, digital twins are being employed to simulate plant operations and optimize performance parameters using historical and real-time data.

This digital transformation is also facilitating remote operations and control, reducing dependency on on-site manpower, and enhancing the overall safety of personnel working in subterranean environments. Automation tools further enable load balancing, energy forecasting, and real-time integration with national grids, which is especially vital for countries managing intermittent renewable energy inputs. The convergence of automation and artificial intelligence is also supporting the optimization of energy dispatch in pumped storage facilities by adjusting water levels and flow patterns in response to fluctuating grid demand.

This trend is expected to continue as utilities, governments, and private operators invest in modernizing legacy hydro infrastructure to meet evolving regulatory, safety, and performance standards. The focus on digitalization not only improves plant reliability and efficiency but also strengthens the long-term economic viability of underground hydro power installations, making them a more attractive option in the global transition toward sustainable energy systems.

Key Market Players

• Andritz Hydro GmbH
• General Electric Company (GE Renewable Energy)
• Voith Hydro GmbH & Co. KG
• Siemens Energy AG
• Toshiba Energy Systems & Solutions Corporation
• RusHydro Group
• Hitachi Energy Ltd.
• China Three Gorges Corporation
• SNC-Lavalin Group Inc. (AtkinsRealis)
• Larsen & Toubro Limited

Report Scope:

In this report, the Global Underground Hydro Power Plant Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

Underground Hydro Power Plant Market, By Type:

• Storage Underground Hydro Power Plants
• Run-of-River Underground Hydro Power Plants
• Pumped Storage Underground Hydro Power Plants

Underground Hydro Power Plant Market, By Capacity:

• Less than 100 Megawatt
• 100-500 Megawatt
• Above 500 Megawatt

Underground Hydro Power Plant Market, By End-User:

• Industrial
• Residential
• Commercial
• Utility

Underground Hydro Power Plant Market, By Region:

• North America
  • United States
  • Canada
  • Mexico
• Europe
  • Germany
  • France
  • United Kingdom
  • Italy
  • Spain
• South America
  • Brazil
  • Argentina
  • Colombia
• Asia-Pacific
  • China
  • India
  • Japan
  • South Korea
  • Australia
• Middle East & Africa
  • Saudi Arabia
  • UAE
  • South Africa

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Underground Hydro Power Plant Market.

Available Customizations:

Global Underground Hydro Power Plant Market report with the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

Company Information

• Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).

Table of Contents

1. Product Overview

• 1.1. Market Definition
• 1.2. Scope of the Market
  • 1.2.1. Markets Covered
  • 1.2.2. Years Considered for Study
  • 1.2.3. Key Market Segmentations

2. Research Methodology

• 2.1. Objective of the Study
• 2.2. Baseline Methodology
• 2.3. Key Industry Partners
• 2.4. Major Association and Secondary Sources
• 2.5. Forecasting Methodology
• 2.6. Data Triangulation & Validation
• 2.7. Assumptions and Limitations

3. Executive Summary

• 3.1. Overview of the Market
• 3.2. Overview of Key Market Segmentations
• 3.3. Overview of Key Market Players
• 3.4. Overview of Key Regions/Countries
• 3.5. Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, and Trends

4. Voice of Customer

5. Global Underground Hydro Power Plant Market Outlook

• 5.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 5.1.1. By Value
• 5.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 5.2.1. By Type (Storage Underground Hydro Power Plants, Run-of-River Underground Hydro Power Plants, Pumped Storage Underground Hydro Power Plants)
  • 5.2.2. By Capacity (Less than 100 Megawatt, 100-500 Megawatt, Above 500 Megawatt)
  • 5.2.3. By End-User (Industrial, Residential, Commercial, Utility)
  • 5.2.4. By Region (North America, Europe, South America, Middle East & Africa, Asia Pacific)
• 5.3. By Company (2024)
• 5.4. Market Map

6. North America Underground Hydro Power Plant Market Outlook

• 6.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 6.1.1. By Value
• 6.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 6.2.1. By Type
  • 6.2.2. By Capacity
  • 6.2.3. By End-User
  • 6.2.4. By Country
• 6.3. North America: Country Analysis
  • 6.3.1. United States Underground Hydro Power Plant Market Outlook
    • 6.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 6.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 6.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 6.3.1.2.1. By Type
      • 6.3.1.2.2. By Capacity
      • 6.3.1.2.3. By End-User
  • 6.3.2. Canada Underground Hydro Power Plant Market Outlook
    • 6.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 6.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 6.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 6.3.2.2.1. By Type
      • 6.3.2.2.2. By Capacity
      • 6.3.2.2.3. By End-User
  • 6.3.3. Mexico Underground Hydro Power Plant Market Outlook
    • 6.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 6.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 6.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 6.3.3.2.1. By Type
      • 6.3.3.2.2. By Capacity
      • 6.3.3.2.3. By End-User

7. Europe Underground Hydro Power Plant Market Outlook

• 7.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 7.1.1. By Value
• 7.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 7.2.1. By Type
  • 7.2.2. By Capacity
  • 7.2.3. By End-User
  • 7.2.4. By Country
• 7.3. Europe: Country Analysis
  • 7.3.1. Germany Underground Hydro Power Plant Market Outlook
    • 7.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.1.2.1. By Type
      • 7.3.1.2.2. By Capacity
      • 7.3.1.2.3. By End-User
  • 7.3.2. France Underground Hydro Power Plant Market Outlook
    • 7.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.2.2.1. By Type
      • 7.3.2.2.2. By Capacity
      • 7.3.2.2.3. By End-User
  • 7.3.3. United Kingdom Underground Hydro Power Plant Market Outlook
    • 7.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.3.2.1. By Type
      • 7.3.3.2.2. By Capacity
      • 7.3.3.2.3. By End-User
  • 7.3.4. Italy Underground Hydro Power Plant Market Outlook
    • 7.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.4.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.4.2.1. By Type
      • 7.3.4.2.2. By Capacity
      • 7.3.4.2.3. By End-User
  • 7.3.5. Spain Underground Hydro Power Plant Market Outlook
    • 7.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.5.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.5.2.1. By Type
      • 7.3.5.2.2. By Capacity
      • 7.3.5.2.3. By End-User

8. Asia Pacific Underground Hydro Power Plant Market Outlook

• 8.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 8.1.1. By Value
• 8.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 8.2.1. By Type
  • 8.2.2. By Capacity
  • 8.2.3. By End-User
  • 8.2.4. By Country
• 8.3. Asia Pacific: Country Analysis
  • 8.3.1. China Underground Hydro Power Plant Market Outlook
    • 8.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.1.2.1. By Type
      • 8.3.1.2.2. By Capacity
      • 8.3.1.2.3. By End-User
  • 8.3.2. India Underground Hydro Power Plant Market Outlook
    • 8.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.2.2.1. By Type
      • 8.3.2.2.2. By Capacity
      • 8.3.2.2.3. By End-User
  • 8.3.3. Japan Underground Hydro Power Plant Market Outlook
    • 8.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.3.2.1. By Type
      • 8.3.3.2.2. By Capacity
      • 8.3.3.2.3. By End-User
  • 8.3.4. South Korea Underground Hydro Power Plant Market Outlook
    • 8.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.4.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.4.2.1. By Type
      • 8.3.4.2.2. By Capacity
      • 8.3.4.2.3. By End-User
  • 8.3.5. Australia Underground Hydro Power Plant Market Outlook
    • 8.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.5.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.5.2.1. By Type
      • 8.3.5.2.2. By Capacity
      • 8.3.5.2.3. By End-User

9. Middle East & Africa Underground Hydro Power Plant Market Outlook

• 9.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 9.1.1. By Value
• 9.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 9.2.1. By Type
  • 9.2.2. By Capacity
  • 9.2.3. By End-User
  • 9.2.4. By Country
• 9.3. Middle East & Africa: Country Analysis
  • 9.3.1. Saudi Arabia Underground Hydro Power Plant Market Outlook
    • 9.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 9.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 9.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 9.3.1.2.1. By Type
      • 9.3.1.2.2. By Capacity
      • 9.3.1.2.3. By End-User
  • 9.3.2. UAE Underground Hydro Power Plant Market Outlook
    • 9.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 9.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 9.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 9.3.2.2.1. By Type
      • 9.3.2.2.2. By Capacity
      • 9.3.2.2.3. By End-User
  • 9.3.3. South Africa Underground Hydro Power Plant Market Outlook
    • 9.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 9.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 9.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 9.3.3.2.1. By Type
      • 9.3.3.2.2. By Capacity
      • 9.3.3.2.3. By End-User

10. South America Underground Hydro Power Plant Market Outlook

• 10.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 10.1.1. By Value
• 10.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 10.2.1. By Type
  • 10.2.2. By Capacity
  • 10.2.3. By End-User
  • 10.2.4. By Country
• 10.3. South America: Country Analysis
  • 10.3.1. Brazil Underground Hydro Power Plant Market Outlook
    • 10.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 10.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 10.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 10.3.1.2.1. By Type
      • 10.3.1.2.2. By Capacity
      • 10.3.1.2.3. By End-User
  • 10.3.2. Colombia Underground Hydro Power Plant Market Outlook
    • 10.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 10.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 10.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 10.3.2.2.1. By Type
      • 10.3.2.2.2. By Capacity
      • 10.3.2.2.3. By End-User
  • 10.3.3. Argentina Underground Hydro Power Plant Market Outlook
    • 10.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 10.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 10.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 10.3.3.2.1. By Type
      • 10.3.3.2.2. By Capacity
      • 10.3.3.2.3. By End-User

11. Market Dynamics

• 11.1. Drivers
• 11.2. Challenges

12. Market Trends and Developments

• 12.1. Merger & Acquisition (If Any)
• 12.2. Product Launches (If Any)
• 12.3. Recent Developments

13. Company Profiles

• 13.1. Andritz Hydro GmbH
  • 13.1.1. Business Overview
  • 13.1.2. Key Revenue and Financials
  • 13.1.3. Recent Developments
  • 13.1.4. Key Personnel
  • 13.1.5. Key Product/Services Offered
• 13.2. General Electric Company (GE Renewable Energy)
• 13.3. Voith Hydro GmbH & Co. KG
• 13.4. Siemens Energy AG
• 13.5. Toshiba Energy Systems & Solutions Corporation
• 13.6. RusHydro Group
• 13.7. Hitachi Energy Ltd.
• 13.8. China Three Gorges Corporation
• 13.9. SNC-Lavalin Group Inc. (AtkinsRealis)
• 13.10. Larsen & Toubro Limited

14. Strategic Recommendations

15. About Us & Disclaimer