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市场调查报告书
商品编码
1934204

嵌入式厨房电器市场-全球产业规模、份额、趋势、机会及预测(依产品类型、通路、地区及竞争格局划分,2021-2031年)

Built-in Kitchen Appliances Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Opportunity, and Forecast, Segmented By Product Type, By Distribution Channel, By Region & Competition, 2021-2031F

出版日期: | 出版商: TechSci Research | 英文 185 Pages | 商品交期: 2-3个工作天内

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简介目录

全球嵌入式厨房电器市场预计将从 2025 年的 189.6 亿美元成长到 2031 年的 285.2 亿美元,复合年增长率达到 7.04%。

这些电器经过特殊设计,可直接嵌入墙壁或橱柜,打造与周围家具完美融合的统一美感。市场的主要驱动力是快速的都市化和住宅面积的缩小,这催生了对节省空间的替代方案的需求,而独立式电器无法满足这一需求。此外,全球可支配收入的成长也推动了厨房改造的强劲需求,视觉一致性是厨房改造的关键要素,这为超越短暂设计潮流的长期成长奠定了坚实的经济基础。

市场概览
预测期 2027-2031
市场规模:2025年 189.6亿美元
市场规模:2031年 285.2亿美元
复合年增长率:2026-2031年 7.04%
成长最快的细分市场 多品牌商店
最大的市场 欧洲

然而,该行业面临着许多挑战:高昂的安装成本和复杂的安装流程。与独立式电器不同,内建家电需要精确测量和专业施工,这为注重预算的消费者设定了门槛。美国国家厨房卫浴协会 (NKBA) 的数据显示,到 2025 年,专业厨房和浴室改造计划预计将成长 2.9%,凸显了该产业对改造产业的依赖性。这种依赖性,以及安装所需的专业技术人员,仍然限制了低收入消费者群体的市场扩张。

市场驱动因素

智慧技术和物联网功能的整合正在推动市场扩张,建构以用户为中心的生态系统,使家用电器能够相互通信,从而提升运作效率。製造商正加速人工智慧的集成,提供远端监控和自动烹饪调节等功能,以满足重视现代化生活空间的消费者的需求。销售业绩也印证了这个趋势。三星电子在2024年7月发布的《人工智慧家用电器销售报告》中指出,今年上半年人工智慧产品的累计销售量达到150万件。如此高的普及率表明,互联功能正从小众产品转变为整合厨房系统的标准配备。

同时,人们对模组化厨房和无缝室内设计的日益偏好,也促使人们选择能够与橱柜视觉融合的家电。这种以设计为先的趋势与开放式居住的流行趋势相契合,在开放式生活中,厨房与起居空间融为一体,这就需要低调且与橱柜面板兼容的家电。根据Houzz于2024年2月发布的《2024年美国Houzz家居调查报告》,2023年美国家庭厨房大维修的支出中位数将增至5.5万美元,这表明消费者对这种整体布局的需求十分旺盛。高端市场仍然是重要的收入来源,LG电子报告称,其家电和供暖解决方案部门在2024年第三季度的销售额将达到8.34万亿韩元,这主要得益于市场对高端产品的需求。

市场挑战

安装成本高且技术复杂,严重限制了全球嵌入式厨房电器市场的成长。与安装后即可使用的独立式电器不同,嵌入式电器需要精确的结构对齐并与橱柜无缝衔接,这需要专业技术人员的技能。这种依赖关係显着增加了总购置成本,并对注重价格的消费者构成了较高的进入门槛。因此,由于专业技术人员的额外成本使得一般家庭难以负担,嵌入式电器市场难以拓展到高端市场以外的领域。

熟练劳动力市场疲软进一步加剧了这项挑战,导致建筑成本上升和工期延误。当人手不足使安装成本过高时,潜在买家往往会转向价格更实惠的独立式产品。据美国国家厨房卫浴协会(NKBA)称,32%的业内人士认为人事费用上涨将是2025年限制行业成长抑制因素。这种财务压力直接阻碍了嵌入式家电项目的广泛市场渗透,因为安装服务价格的上涨限制了住宅领域大部分家庭内建家电计划的可行性。

市场趋势

随着健康意识的增强,具备蒸气烹饪功能的产品正在重塑市场格局。消费者逐渐养成注重营养和健康的饮食习惯,这一趋势推动了集蒸气烹饪和空气炸功能于一体的组合式烤箱的流行,这种烹饪方式既能减少脂肪,又能保留食物的维生素和口感。这种转变也影响产品研发,製造商优先开发专注于饮食健康家庭的多功能产品。根据美国国家厨房卫浴协会(NKBA)于2025年1月发布的《2025年厨房趋势报告》,74%的业内专家认为,具备蒸气烹饪和空气炸功能的烤箱将更加普及,从而带来更健康的烹饪方式。

同时,对永续和可回收材料的日益重视正迫使製造商提高嵌入式产品的能源效率。不断增强的环保意识和监管压力正促使偏好转向配备先进资源节约技术的家电,例如卓越的水过滤和更高的能源效率等级。这种对生态效率的追求在那些严格的标准推动企业竞相获得环保认证的市场中尤其明显。例如,在2025年2月题为「Miele巩固成长轨迹,自信迈向2025年」的新闻稿中,Miele报告称,2024年,在欧洲,没有哪家竞争对手的A级或B级能效洗碗机销量超过Miele,这凸显了市场对高端、永续性高级产品的强劲需求。

目录

第一章概述

第二章调查方法

第三章执行摘要

第四章:客户评价

第五章 全球嵌入式厨房电器市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
    • 按金额
  • 市占率及预测
    • 依产品类型(嵌入式烤箱/微波炉、嵌入式炉灶、嵌入式洗碗机、嵌入式冷藏库、嵌入式抽油烟机、抽油烟机、其他(嵌入式咖啡机、嵌入式烧烤炉等))
    • 依分销管道(直销/代理商销售、多品牌商店、专卖店、超级市场/大卖场、线上)
    • 按地区
    • 按公司(2025 年)
  • 市场地图

第六章:北美嵌入式厨房电器市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 北美洲:国家分析
    • 我们
    • 加拿大
    • 墨西哥

第七章:欧洲嵌入式厨房电器市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 欧洲:国家分析
    • 德国
    • 法国
    • 英国
    • 义大利
    • 西班牙

第八章:亚太地区嵌入式厨房电器市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 亚太地区:国家分析
    • 中国
    • 印度
    • 日本
    • 韩国
    • 澳洲

第九章:中东和非洲嵌入式厨房电器市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 中东和非洲:国家分析
    • 沙乌地阿拉伯
    • 阿拉伯聯合大公国
    • 南非

第十章:南美洲嵌入式厨房电器市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 南美洲:国家分析
    • 巴西
    • 哥伦比亚
    • 阿根廷

第十一章 市场动态

  • 司机
  • 任务

第十二章 市场趋势与发展

  • 併购
  • 产品发布
  • 最新进展

第十三章 全球嵌入式厨房电器市场:SWOT分析

第十四章:波特五力分析

  • 产业竞争
  • 新进入者的可能性
  • 供应商电力
  • 顾客权力
  • 替代品的威胁

第十五章 竞争格局

  • BSH Hausgerate GmbH
  • AB Electrolux
  • Haier Group Corporation
  • Whirlpool Corporation
  • Panasonic Holdings Corporation
  • LG Electronics Inc
  • Elica SpA
  • Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd
  • Gorenje gospodinjski aparati, doo
  • Arcelik AS

第十六章 策略建议

第十七章:关于研究公司及免责声明

简介目录
Product Code: 14708

The Global Built-in Kitchen Appliances Market is projected to expand from USD 18.96 Billion in 2025 to USD 28.52 Billion by 2031, achieving a CAGR of 7.04%. These appliances are specifically engineered for installation directly into walls or cabinetry, producing a unified aesthetic that merges seamlessly with the surrounding furniture. The market is primarily propelled by rapid urbanization and shrinking residential footprints, which create a need for space-saving alternatives that freestanding units cannot offer. Furthermore, increasing global disposable income drives a strong demand for kitchen renovations where visual consistency is a key priority, establishing a distinct economic basis for long-term growth beyond temporary design trends.

Market Overview
Forecast Period2027-2031
Market Size 2025USD 18.96 Billion
Market Size 2031USD 28.52 Billion
CAGR 2026-20317.04%
Fastest Growing SegmentMulti-Branded Stores
Largest MarketEurope

Conversely, the industry encounters a major obstacle due to the high costs and intricate nature of installation. Unlike standalone models, built-in appliances demand precise measurements and professional labor, which establishes a barrier for budget-conscious buyers. Data from the National Kitchen & Bath Association indicates that professional kitchen and bath remodeling projects were expected to increase by 2.9% in 2025, highlighting the sector's dependence on the renovation industry. This reliance on specialized labor for installation continues to restrict market reach within lower-income demographics.

Market Driver

The incorporation of smart technology and IoT capabilities is fueling market expansion by creating a user-focused ecosystem where appliances communicate to enhance operational efficiency. Manufacturers are increasingly integrating artificial intelligence to provide functionalities like remote monitoring and automated cooking adjustments, catering to consumers who value modernized living spaces. This trend is validated by sales figures; in a July 2024 update on 'AI Home Appliance Sales', Samsung Electronics reported cumulative sales of 1.5 million AI-equipped units in the first half of the year. Such adoption levels suggest that connectivity is shifting from a niche offering to a standard requirement for integrated kitchen systems.

Simultaneously, the growing preference for modular kitchens and seamless interior designs benefits appliances that visually blend into cabinetry. This design-centric movement aligns with open-plan living trends where the kitchen flows into the living area, requiring discreet, panel-ready equipment. According to Houzz's '2024 U.S. Houzz & Home Study' from February 2024, the median expenditure on major kitchen renovations rose to $55,000 in 2023, demonstrating a robust consumer commitment to achieving these cohesive layouts. This high-end segment remains a crucial revenue source; LG Electronics reported third-quarter 2024 revenue of 8.34 trillion KRW for its Home Appliance & Air Solution Company, largely sustained by the demand for premium models.

Market Challenge

The substantial expense and technical complexity involved in installation pose a major obstacle to the growth of the global built-in kitchen appliances market. In contrast to freestanding models that offer immediate usability, built-in units demand exact structural adjustments and seamless cabinet integration, requiring the skills of specialized tradespeople. This dependency significantly increases the total acquisition cost and creates a high entry barrier for price-sensitive consumers. Consequently, the market faces difficulties in expanding beyond the luxury segment, as the added cost of professional labor makes these appliances less attainable for average households.

This challenge is further intensified by instability within the skilled labor market, which drives up project expenses and delays timelines. When installation becomes prohibitively expensive due to workforce constraints, potential buyers often revert to more affordable freestanding alternatives. According to the National Kitchen & Bath Association, 32 percent of industry professionals identified rising labor costs as a major growth limitation in 2025. This financial pressure directly hinders broader market penetration, as the escalating price of installation services limits the feasibility of built-in appliance projects for a large portion of the residential sector.

Market Trends

The rise of health-focused steam cooking functionalities is reshaping the market as consumers place greater emphasis on nutrition and wellness in their culinary habits. This trend is driving the adoption of combination ovens that merge steaming and air-frying capabilities, enabling fat-free cooking methods that preserve vitamins and texture. This shift is influencing product development, with manufacturers prioritizing multi-functional units that cater to dietary-conscious households. As noted in the '2025 Kitchen Trends Report' by the National Kitchen & Bath Association in January 2025, 74 percent of industry professionals agreed that ovens with steam cooking and air frying technology would be popular to support healthier cooking methods.

Concurrently, the emphasis on sustainable and recyclable materials is compelling manufacturers to improve the energy profiles of their built-in products. Heightened environmental awareness and regulatory pressures are shifting consumer preferences toward appliances featuring advanced resource-saving technologies, such as superior water filtration and better energy ratings. This push for eco-efficiency is particularly visible in markets where strict standards foster competition for environmental certifications. For instance, in a February 2025 press release titled 'Miele consolidates its growth path and enters the 2025 business year with confidence', Miele reported that no competitor in Europe sold as many dishwashers with energy efficiency class A or B as Miele in 2024, highlighting the strong market uptake for premium, sustainability-focused units.

Key Market Players

  • BSH Hausgerate GmbH
  • AB Electrolux
  • Haier Group Corporation
  • Whirlpool Corporation
  • Panasonic Holdings Corporation
  • LG Electronics Inc
  • Elica S.p.A.
  • Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd
  • Gorenje gospodinjski aparati, d. o. o.
  • Arcelik A.S.

Report Scope

In this report, the Global Built-in Kitchen Appliances Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

Built-in Kitchen Appliances Market, By Product Type

  • Built-in Ovens & Microwaves
  • Built-in Hobs
  • Built-in Dishwashers
  • Built-in Refrigerators
  • Built-in Hoods Built-in Ranges
  • Others (Built-in Coffee Machines, Built-in Barbeque Griller, etc.)

Built-in Kitchen Appliances Market, By Distribution Channel

  • Direct/Distributor Sales
  • Multi-Branded Stores
  • Exclusive Stores
  • Supermarkets & Hypermarkets
  • Online

Built-in Kitchen Appliances Market, By Region

  • North America
    • United States
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • France
    • United Kingdom
    • Italy
    • Germany
    • Spain
  • Asia Pacific
    • China
    • India
    • Japan
    • Australia
    • South Korea
  • South America
    • Brazil
    • Argentina
    • Colombia
  • Middle East & Africa
    • South Africa
    • Saudi Arabia
    • UAE

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Built-in Kitchen Appliances Market.

Available Customizations:

Global Built-in Kitchen Appliances Market report with the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

Company Information

  • Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).

Table of Contents

1. Product Overview

  • 1.1. Market Definition
  • 1.2. Scope of the Market
    • 1.2.1. Markets Covered
    • 1.2.2. Years Considered for Study
    • 1.2.3. Key Market Segmentations

2. Research Methodology

  • 2.1. Objective of the Study
  • 2.2. Baseline Methodology
  • 2.3. Key Industry Partners
  • 2.4. Major Association and Secondary Sources
  • 2.5. Forecasting Methodology
  • 2.6. Data Triangulation & Validation
  • 2.7. Assumptions and Limitations

3. Executive Summary

  • 3.1. Overview of the Market
  • 3.2. Overview of Key Market Segmentations
  • 3.3. Overview of Key Market Players
  • 3.4. Overview of Key Regions/Countries
  • 3.5. Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, Trends

4. Voice of Customer

5. Global Built-in Kitchen Appliances Market Outlook

  • 5.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 5.1.1. By Value
  • 5.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 5.2.1. By Product Type (Built-in Ovens & Microwaves, Built-in Hobs, Built-in Dishwashers, Built-in Refrigerators, Built-in Hoods Built-in Ranges, Others (Built-in Coffee Machines, Built-in Barbeque Griller, etc.))
    • 5.2.2. By Distribution Channel (Direct/Distributor Sales, Multi-Branded Stores, Exclusive Stores, Supermarkets & Hypermarkets, Online)
    • 5.2.3. By Region
    • 5.2.4. By Company (2025)
  • 5.3. Market Map

6. North America Built-in Kitchen Appliances Market Outlook

  • 6.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 6.1.1. By Value
  • 6.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 6.2.1. By Product Type
    • 6.2.2. By Distribution Channel
    • 6.2.3. By Country
  • 6.3. North America: Country Analysis
    • 6.3.1. United States Built-in Kitchen Appliances Market Outlook
      • 6.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.1.2.1. By Product Type
        • 6.3.1.2.2. By Distribution Channel
    • 6.3.2. Canada Built-in Kitchen Appliances Market Outlook
      • 6.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.2.2.1. By Product Type
        • 6.3.2.2.2. By Distribution Channel
    • 6.3.3. Mexico Built-in Kitchen Appliances Market Outlook
      • 6.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.3.2.1. By Product Type
        • 6.3.3.2.2. By Distribution Channel

7. Europe Built-in Kitchen Appliances Market Outlook

  • 7.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 7.1.1. By Value
  • 7.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 7.2.1. By Product Type
    • 7.2.2. By Distribution Channel
    • 7.2.3. By Country
  • 7.3. Europe: Country Analysis
    • 7.3.1. Germany Built-in Kitchen Appliances Market Outlook
      • 7.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.1.2.1. By Product Type
        • 7.3.1.2.2. By Distribution Channel
    • 7.3.2. France Built-in Kitchen Appliances Market Outlook
      • 7.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.2.2.1. By Product Type
        • 7.3.2.2.2. By Distribution Channel
    • 7.3.3. United Kingdom Built-in Kitchen Appliances Market Outlook
      • 7.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.3.2.1. By Product Type
        • 7.3.3.2.2. By Distribution Channel
    • 7.3.4. Italy Built-in Kitchen Appliances Market Outlook
      • 7.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.4.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.4.2.1. By Product Type
        • 7.3.4.2.2. By Distribution Channel
    • 7.3.5. Spain Built-in Kitchen Appliances Market Outlook
      • 7.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.5.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.5.2.1. By Product Type
        • 7.3.5.2.2. By Distribution Channel

8. Asia Pacific Built-in Kitchen Appliances Market Outlook

  • 8.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 8.1.1. By Value
  • 8.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 8.2.1. By Product Type
    • 8.2.2. By Distribution Channel
    • 8.2.3. By Country
  • 8.3. Asia Pacific: Country Analysis
    • 8.3.1. China Built-in Kitchen Appliances Market Outlook
      • 8.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.1.2.1. By Product Type
        • 8.3.1.2.2. By Distribution Channel
    • 8.3.2. India Built-in Kitchen Appliances Market Outlook
      • 8.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.2.2.1. By Product Type
        • 8.3.2.2.2. By Distribution Channel
    • 8.3.3. Japan Built-in Kitchen Appliances Market Outlook
      • 8.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.3.2.1. By Product Type
        • 8.3.3.2.2. By Distribution Channel
    • 8.3.4. South Korea Built-in Kitchen Appliances Market Outlook
      • 8.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.4.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.4.2.1. By Product Type
        • 8.3.4.2.2. By Distribution Channel
    • 8.3.5. Australia Built-in Kitchen Appliances Market Outlook
      • 8.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.5.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.5.2.1. By Product Type
        • 8.3.5.2.2. By Distribution Channel

9. Middle East & Africa Built-in Kitchen Appliances Market Outlook

  • 9.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 9.1.1. By Value
  • 9.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 9.2.1. By Product Type
    • 9.2.2. By Distribution Channel
    • 9.2.3. By Country
  • 9.3. Middle East & Africa: Country Analysis
    • 9.3.1. Saudi Arabia Built-in Kitchen Appliances Market Outlook
      • 9.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.1.2.1. By Product Type
        • 9.3.1.2.2. By Distribution Channel
    • 9.3.2. UAE Built-in Kitchen Appliances Market Outlook
      • 9.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.2.2.1. By Product Type
        • 9.3.2.2.2. By Distribution Channel
    • 9.3.3. South Africa Built-in Kitchen Appliances Market Outlook
      • 9.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.3.2.1. By Product Type
        • 9.3.3.2.2. By Distribution Channel

10. South America Built-in Kitchen Appliances Market Outlook

  • 10.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 10.1.1. By Value
  • 10.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 10.2.1. By Product Type
    • 10.2.2. By Distribution Channel
    • 10.2.3. By Country
  • 10.3. South America: Country Analysis
    • 10.3.1. Brazil Built-in Kitchen Appliances Market Outlook
      • 10.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.1.2.1. By Product Type
        • 10.3.1.2.2. By Distribution Channel
    • 10.3.2. Colombia Built-in Kitchen Appliances Market Outlook
      • 10.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.2.2.1. By Product Type
        • 10.3.2.2.2. By Distribution Channel
    • 10.3.3. Argentina Built-in Kitchen Appliances Market Outlook
      • 10.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.3.2.1. By Product Type
        • 10.3.3.2.2. By Distribution Channel

11. Market Dynamics

  • 11.1. Drivers
  • 11.2. Challenges

12. Market Trends & Developments

  • 12.1. Merger & Acquisition (If Any)
  • 12.2. Product Launches (If Any)
  • 12.3. Recent Developments

13. Global Built-in Kitchen Appliances Market: SWOT Analysis

14. Porter's Five Forces Analysis

  • 14.1. Competition in the Industry
  • 14.2. Potential of New Entrants
  • 14.3. Power of Suppliers
  • 14.4. Power of Customers
  • 14.5. Threat of Substitute Products

15. Competitive Landscape

  • 15.1. BSH Hausgerate GmbH
    • 15.1.1. Business Overview
    • 15.1.2. Products & Services
    • 15.1.3. Recent Developments
    • 15.1.4. Key Personnel
    • 15.1.5. SWOT Analysis
  • 15.2. AB Electrolux
  • 15.3. Haier Group Corporation
  • 15.4. Whirlpool Corporation
  • 15.5. Panasonic Holdings Corporation
  • 15.6. LG Electronics Inc
  • 15.7. Elica S.p.A.
  • 15.8. Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd
  • 15.9. Gorenje gospodinjski aparati, d. o. o.
  • 15.10. Arcelik A.S.

16. Strategic Recommendations

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