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市场调查报告书
商品编码
1964136
液态空气储能市场-全球产业规模、份额、趋势、机会、预测:按容量、应用、地区和竞争格局划分,2021-2031年Liquid Air Energy Storage Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Opportunity, and Forecast, Segmented By Capacity, By Application, By Region & Competition, 2021-2031F |
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全球液态空气储能市场预计将从 2025 年的 25.1 亿美元成长到 2031 年的 61.7 亿美元,复合年增长率达 16.17%。
液态空气储能(LAES)的工作原理是基于动态过程。具体而言,利用电力将环境空气冷却至低温,并以液态形式储存在绝热储槽中。需要时,液态空气会被重新膨胀成气态,用于驱动发电涡轮机。该市场的成长主要源于将太阳能和风能等间歇性再生能源来源併入电网的需求,以及为确保电网韧性而日益增长的长期能源安全需求。这些营运需求并非昙花一现的市场趋势,而是推动此技术普及的结构性因素。
| 市场概览 | |
|---|---|
| 预测期 | 2027-2031 |
| 市场规模:2025年 | 25.1亿美元 |
| 市场规模:2031年 | 61.7亿美元 |
| 复合年增长率:2026-2031年 | 16.17% |
| 成长最快的细分市场 | LNG接收站 |
| 最大的市场 | 欧洲 |
然而,全球液态空气储能市场扩张面临的一大挑战是,专用低温基础设施所需的初始资本支出庞大,与现有的传统储能方式相比仍然较高。儘管存在这一资金障碍,该领域的规划活动仍在加速。根据长期储能委员会发布的《2024年报告》,包括液态空气系统在内的全球长期储能技术部署计画已达0.22兆瓦。这一数字凸显了为支持未来脱碳倡议规划的巨大容量。
支持性的法规结构和政府资助措施是降低液态空气储能技术商业化风险的关键催化剂。由于低温系统需要大量的领先基础设施投资,公共和私人资金筹措对于从试点阶段过渡到全面公用事业规模部署至关重要。这将展现该技术的资金筹措潜力,并促成首批商业化工厂的建设。一个典型的例子是,一家投资者财团筹集了大量资金,以加速英国的基础建设。根据Highview Power公司2024年6月发布的新闻稿《Highview Power为英国首个商业规模液态空气储能工厂获得3亿英镑投资》,该公司成功资金筹措了3亿英镑,用于建设全球最大的液态空气储能设施之一,这表明有针对性的资金筹措如何将理论市场潜力直接转化为具体的建设活动。
同时,对长期储能解决方案日益增长的需求正在推动市场扩张。电网营运商迫切需要能够稳定可再生能源发电超过四小时的技术。与传统的锂离子电池不同,液态空气储能係统在实现长时间放电方面具有独特的优势,而长时间放电对于平衡吉瓦级间歇性的风能和太阳能发电至关重要。这种运作能力在旨在稳定国家电网的新设施的技术规格中得到了充分体现。根据英国基础设施银行(UKIB)2024年6月发布的公告《投资Highview Power以支援能源安全》,位于曼彻斯特的新设施设计容量为300兆瓦时,足以维持大型基础设施运作六小时。此外,这种扩充性正在推动积极的未来计划,正如 Centrica 在 2024 年 6 月发布的公告「Centrica 投资 Highview Power」中提到的战略合作伙伴关係,目标是 2.5 吉瓦时的部署计划,强调向大规模电网中心储能资产的转变。
专用低温基础设施所需的大量前期投资是全球液态空气储能市场快速扩张的主要障碍。与初始财务风险较低且扩充性的模组化电池解决方案不同,液态空气系统依赖重型工业组件,例如高等级液化设备、隔热储存槽和膨胀涡轮机。这些复杂的动态系统需要大量的初始资金,从而增加了投资风险并延长了计划开发商的投资回收期。因此,可用资金有限,因为投资者往往更倾向于进入门槛较低、潜在回报更快的成熟技术。
透过分析该产业提升竞争力的蓝图,可以量化这一成本障碍的严重程度。根据长期储能委员会2024年的报告,长期储能技术需要在2030年前将资本成本降低约60%,才能获得市场竞争力。目前,这种显着的成本绩效差距阻碍了技术的广泛应用,因为电力公司和电网运营商仍然不愿投资大规模液态空气计划,除非有明确证据表明其短期经济效益可与现有储能方案相媲美。
市场正从小规模试点计画转向开发大型独立商业设施,旨在取代目前作为主干电力来源的石化燃料燃料发电。这一趋势的特点是从兆瓦级原型专案向能够提供长期电网稳定性的多吉瓦级专案组合过渡,近期企业部署区域储能中心而非孤立资产的策略也印证了这一点。根据《再生能源现在》(Renewables Now)2024年10月刊报导《英国新体系助力Highview Power实现10吉瓦时储能计划》报道,Highview Power宣布计划到2030年在英国开发四座商业规模的储能电站,总装机容量将达到10吉瓦时。这显示该技术正日趋成熟,成为支持国家能源安全战略的关键公共产业级资产。
同时,模组化建造技术的应用日益受到重视,该技术将液化和能量回收单元预先组装在货柜内。这使得现场能够快速部署和扩充性,无需传统大型工厂所需的大规模土木工程,从而可以将液态空气储能技术引入空间受限的都市区和工业环境。新兴企业正积极利用市场对灵活、分散式储能解决方案的需求,以补充公用事业规模的基础设施。根据《硅谷运河》(Silicon Canals)2024年3月刊的报导报道,“总部位于慕尼黑的phelas公司筹集410万欧元用于长期储能技术”,该公司筹集了410万欧元,用于将其模组化集装箱式液态空气能源储存系统係统扩展到兆瓦级。这凸显了该产业的两条发展路径:一是开发高度通用、紧凑的系统,二是推动大型商业计划。
The Global Liquid Air Energy Storage Market is projected to expand from USD 2.51 Billion in 2025 to USD 6.17 Billion by 2031, reflecting a CAGR of 16.17%. Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) functions through a thermodynamic process where ambient air is cooled to cryogenic temperatures using electricity, stored as a liquid in insulated tanks, and subsequently expanded back into a gas to drive power-generating turbines when required. The growth of this market is fundamentally driven by the critical need to integrate intermittent renewable sources, such as solar and wind, into power grids, alongside an increasing demand for long-duration energy security to guarantee grid resilience; these operational necessities serve as the foundational structural impetus for adoption rather than being mere passing market trends.
| Market Overview | |
|---|---|
| Forecast Period | 2027-2031 |
| Market Size 2025 | USD 2.51 Billion |
| Market Size 2031 | USD 6.17 Billion |
| CAGR 2026-2031 | 16.17% |
| Fastest Growing Segment | LNG Terminals |
| Largest Market | Europe |
However, a notable challenge that could hinder the expansion of the Global Liquid Air Energy Storage Market is the substantial upfront capital expenditure required for specialized cryogenic infrastructure, which remains high compared to established conventional storage alternatives. Despite this financial barrier, the sector is experiencing significant planned activity. According to the 'Long Duration Energy Storage Council' in '2024', the global deployment pipeline for long-duration energy storage technologies, which includes liquid air systems, reached 0.22 terawatts. This figure underscores the massive scale of projected capacity intended to support future decarbonization initiatives.
Market Driver
Supportive regulatory frameworks and government funding initiatives act as essential catalysts for de-risking the commercialization of liquid air energy storage technologies. Because cryogenic systems necessitate significant upfront infrastructure investment, financing from both the public and private sectors is crucial to bridge the gap between pilot phases and full-scale utility deployment, thereby validating the technology's bankability and enabling the construction of inaugural commercial plants. A definitive example of this momentum occurred when a consortium of investors mobilized significant capital to advance UK-based infrastructure; according to Highview Power's June 2024 press release, 'Highview Power secures £300m investment for UK's first commercial-scale liquid air energy storage plant', the company successfully raised £300 million to construct one of the world's largest liquid air facilities, demonstrating how targeted funding directly converts theoretical market potential into tangible construction activity.
Concurrently, the escalating demand for long-duration energy storage solutions is driving market expansion, as grid operators urgently require technologies capable of shifting renewable energy over periods exceeding four hours. Unlike conventional lithium-ion batteries, liquid air systems are uniquely positioned to provide the prolonged discharge times necessary to balance intermittent wind and solar generation on a gigawatt scale. This operational capability is exemplified by the technical specifications of upcoming facilities designed to stabilize national grids; according to the UK Infrastructure Bank's June 2024 announcement 'UKIB invests in Highview Power to support energy security', the new Manchester facility is engineered to deliver 300 megawatt-hours of capacity, sufficient to power substantial infrastructure for six hours. Furthermore, this scalability fuels aggressive future planning, as noted in Centrica's June 2024 statement 'Centrica invests in Highview Power', where the strategic partnership targets a deployment program of 2.5 gigawatt-hours, underscoring the shift toward massive, grid-centric storage assets.
Market Challenge
The substantial upfront capital expenditure required for specialized cryogenic infrastructure constitutes a primary barrier to the rapid expansion of the Global Liquid Air Energy Storage Market. Unlike modular battery solutions that offer scalability with lower initial financial risk, liquid air systems rely on heavy industrial components, such as high-grade liquefaction units, insulated storage tanks, and expansion turbines. These complex thermodynamic systems demand significant initial funding, which elevates the investment risk profile and extends the payback period for project developers, subsequently limiting the pool of available capital as investors often favor established technologies with lower entry costs and faster potential returns.
The magnitude of this cost barrier is quantifiable when analyzing the sector's roadmap to competitiveness. According to the 'Long Duration Energy Storage Council' in '2024', obtaining market competitiveness requires long-duration energy storage technologies to achieve a capital cost reduction of nearly 60 percent by 2030. This profound cost-performance gap currently stalls widespread deployment, as utilities and grid operators remain hesitant to commit to large-scale liquid air projects without clearer evidence of near-term economic viability comparable to incumbent storage options.
Market Trends
Moving beyond small-scale pilot demonstrators, the market is aggressively pivoting toward the development of large-scale, commercial standalone facilities designed to replace baseload fossil fuel generation. This trend is characterized by a transition from megawatt-level prototypes to multi-gigawatt portfolios capable of providing grid stability over extended periods, evidenced by recent corporate strategies aiming to deploy regional storage hubs rather than isolated assets. According to Renewables Now, October 2024, in the 'Highview Power's 10-GWh storage plans boosted by new UK scheme' article, Highview Power announced plans to develop four commercial-scale plants in the UK by 2030, totaling 10 gigawatt-hours of capacity, indicating that the technology is maturing into a primary utility-grade asset class capable of supporting national energy security strategies.
Simultaneously, there is a growing emphasis on adopting modular construction techniques where liquefaction and power recovery units are pre-assembled in shipping containers, enabling faster on-site deployment and scalability. This approach allows liquid air energy storage to be deployed in space-constrained urban or industrial environments without the extensive civil engineering required for larger legacy plants. Startups are actively capitalizing on this demand for flexible, decentralized storage solutions to complement utility-scale infrastructure; according to Silicon Canals, March 2024, in the 'Munich-based phelas secures €4.1M for its long-duration energy storage tech' article, the company raised €4.1 million to scale its modular, containerized liquid air energy storage system to megawatt scale, underscoring the industry's parallel track of developing versatile, compact systems alongside massive commercial projects.
Report Scope
In this report, the Global Liquid Air Energy Storage Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:
Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Liquid Air Energy Storage Market.
Global Liquid Air Energy Storage Market report with the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report: