市场调查报告书
商品编码
1616443
小鼠模型市场:各类型,各类服务,各技术,各用途,各终端用户,各地区,2024年~2031年Mice Model Market, By Type, By Service, By Technology, By Application, By End User, & Region for 2024-2031 |
增加对製药计画的研发投资,特别是在肿瘤学和个人化治疗方面,正在推动对改善小鼠模型的需求。因此,製药业对小鼠模型日益增长的需求将有助于市场超过2023年的16.3亿美元的收入,并在2031年达到26.4亿美元的预期估值。
此外,由于在进入人体试验临床阶段之前需要准确、高效地筛选和测试药物的有效性和安全性,该市场从 2024 年到 2031 年将以 6.23% 的复合年增长率增长。
小鼠模型市场定义/概述
小鼠模型是在科学研究中使用小鼠(Musculus)来再现和研究人类生物学、生理学和疾病的各个方面。小鼠和人类在遗传、生化和行为上相似,使用这些模型是因为它们提供了对基因功能、疾病进展和未来治疗评估的有用见解。
此外,小鼠模型在生物医学研究中发挥重要作用,因为它们使科学家能够了解人类疾病并在受控环境中测试新疗法。小鼠模型常用于癌症研究、神经学、免疫学、遗传学等。小鼠模型正在帮助研究人员了解疾病的复杂性、识别遗传变数并开发标靶药物。
小鼠模型在药物发现的临床前测试阶段的越来越多的应用预计将在未来几年推动市场成长。此外,政府对製药业发展的支持和投资的增加预计也将永久改变市场的成长轨迹。
对客製化治疗的日益关注增加了对反映个体遗传特征和疾病特征的小鼠模型的需求。具有人源化免疫系统和特定突变的先进小鼠模型正在促进小鼠模型市场对成功的客製化治疗的高需求。
此外,有些国家在动物实验过程中越来越需要遵守严格的法规,也是小鼠模型市场的主要驱动因素。在批准新药和治疗方法之前,需要对动物进行临床前测试,这增加了对可靠且多样化的小鼠模型的需求,以进行功效和安全性研究,从而推动市场发展。
越来越多地使用动物模型进行研究和开发,引起了人们对动物屠宰和进一步人类应用的效率风险的担忧。这个与兽医相关的伦理问题不仅需要监管审查,而且引起了公众的关注。对更多动物模型的需求是对小鼠模型市场的挑战。
培育和维持高品质小鼠模型(尤其是基因工程小鼠模型)的高成本和复杂性,是预算有限的小型研究机构和公司的主要障碍。这些障碍,再加上所需的财务投资和专业知识,影响了对小鼠模型的需求。
此外,不同地区监管环境的差异可能会导致专案进度复杂化和延误。预计这种区域差异将阻碍小鼠模型市场的成长。
Rising investments in research and development taking place in pharmaceutical projects, especially in oncology and personalized treatment, are driving up the demand for improved mouse models. Thus, growing demand for mice models from the pharmaceutical industry is estimated to help the market surpass the revenue of USD 1.63 Billion valued in 2023 to reach a valuation of USD 2.64 Billion over the forecast 2031.
Also, the need for accurate and efficient screening and testing of drug efficacy and safety before reaching the clinical phase of human trials enables the market to grow at aCAGR of 6.23% from 2024 to 2031.
Mice Model Market: Definition/ Overview
A mice model is the use of mice (Mus musculus) in scientific research to replicate and investigate many aspects of human biology, physiology, and illness. These models are used because mice and humans have genetic, biochemical, and behavioral similarities, which provide useful insights into gene function, illness progression, and the evaluation of prospective therapies.
Furthermore, mice models serve an important role in biomedical research because they allow scientists to comprehend human diseases and test new treatments in a controlled setting. They are commonly used in cancer research, neurology, immunology, and genetics. Mice models assist researchers in understanding the intricacies of diseases, identifying genetic variables, and developing targeted medicines.
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The rising application of the mice model in the preclinical testing phase of drug discovery is expected to enhance the growth of the market in the coming years. Also, increasing government support and investments in the development of the pharmaceutical industry is expected to create a completely upward scaling growth trajectory of the market.
The increased emphasis on customized treatment underlines the need for mice models that reflect individual genetic profiles and disease characteristics. Advanced mice models with humanized immune systems and particular mutations are fostering a high demand for successful tailoring treatment in the Mice Model Market.
Furthermore, the increasing need for compliance with stringent regulations during animal testing in some countries is a primary driver for the Mice Model Market. Mandatory preclinical testing in animals before the approval of new medications and therapies increases the demand for trustworthy and diverse mouse models for efficacy and safety studies developing the market.
The rising use of animal models for research and development is raising concerns regarding animal slaughtering and the risks of efficiency for further human application. This ethical issue associated with animal care is increasing public concern as well as insisting on revising the regulations. The demand for animal models in higher numbers is posing a challenge for the Mice Model Market.
The high costs and complications of breeding and maintaining high-quality mice models, particularly genetically engineered ones, act as a major barrier for the budget-constrained smaller research institutions and businesses. These hurdles increase with the necessary financial investment and specialized knowledge impacting the demand for the mice models.
Furthermore, the different regulatory environments practiced in diverse regions is likely to complicate and slow down project schedules, and also strict restrictions controlling animal research are raising costs. These inconsistencies among regions are projected to hamper the growth of the Mice Model Market.
According to VMR analysts, the CRISPR/CAS9 segment is estimated to hold the largest market share during the forecast period. The advantageous properties including precision, efficiency, versatility, cost-effectiveness, and metamorphic nature offered by this solution is estimated to improve genetic research.
CRISPR/Cas9's unmatched precision and efficiency in gene editing allow researchers to develop extremely specialized and adaptable mouse models, thereby transforming the area of genetic manipulation. The simplicity and adaptability of this technology resulted in its dominance, allowing scientists to target and change genes with unprecedented precision in the Mice Model Market.
Furthermore, the cost-effectiveness and ease of implementation of CRISPR/Cas9 when compared to traditional techniques is accelerating its widespread adoption. Thus, this technology is proving favorable in the case of producing genetically modified mice.
Why does Application in Field of Oncology Prove Resourceful for Mice Model Market?
The oncology segment is estimated to dominate the Mice Model Market over the forecast period. Growing emphasis on complex cancer research activities is bolstering the use of genetically related mice models, especially guinea pigs, enabling mice models to gain momentum in the field of precision oncology.
Likewise, the use of efficient animal models to investigate the complexities of oncogenesis and evaluate the prospective treatment strategies are projected to result in the expansion of the market. Because of their genetic resemblance to humans and their propensity for tumor formation, mice are useful models for studying many facets of cancer biology further resulting in the dominance of oncology application in the Mice Model Market.
Furthermore, the rise of personalized medicine techniques and the need for precision oncology solutions highlight the significance of using mice models that can closely mirror human responses to cancer treatments.
According to VMR analysts, North America is estimated to dominate the Mice Model Market during the forecast period owing to the continuous technological advancements and investments taking place the field of oncology and, personalized medicine.
The region's ongoing efforts in oncology research are spurred by the high prevalence of cancer and significant government and corporate funding and initiatives dedicated to finding solutions. This causes an increased demand for advanced mise models in cancer research, propelling the growth in this region.
The growing demand for creating targeted medicines based on individual patients' genetic profiles involves the use of sophisticated mice models that effectively represent human genetic variation. This is raising the need for more specialized and accurate mouse models for the development of patient-specific medical therapies in North America.
Furthermore, the significant presence of established regional firms, such as The Jackson Laboratory and Charles River Laboratories, leads to North America's dominance in the Mice Model Market. These industry giants offer a comprehensive selection of high-quality mouse models and research services, increasing the region's appeal to researchers and pharmaceutical companies.
Asia Pacific is estimated to grow at the highest CAGR in the Mice Model Market during the forecast period. Growing inclination toward a sedentary lifestyle, dietary changes, and social habits such as smoking and drinking is resulting an increase in new or re-merging chronic diseases or infections such as tuberculosis and COVID-19. Thus, the need to analyze and develop new drugs or treatments to battle these diseases emphasizes on the application of mice models in research and therapeutic development in the region. in the region.
Also, the flourishing pharmaceutical industry in the region to cater to the needs of the healthcare sector is a significant factor leading to the substantial growth of mice models in this market.
Furthermore, increased focus on heart and circulatory diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, highlights the importance of comprehensive research tools, with mouse models playing an important role in elucidating disease pathways and facilitating the development of targeted interventions. The application of mice models in the healthcare sector drives the growth of the Mice Model Market in Asia Pacific.
The Mice Model Market continues to grow, driven by an ever-increasing demand for innovative instruments in drug development and disease research. The competitive landscape is highly dynamic, with ongoing innovation and collaboration determining the future of this critical sector.
Some of the prominent players operating in the Mice Model Market include:
The Jackson Laboratory
Charles River Laboratories International, Inc.
Envigo
Taconic Biosciences
Harlan Laboratories
Janvier Labs
Laboratory Animal Research Center
Tokyo Laboratory Animals Co., Ltd.
Biogen Laboratories
Emmes
Eurofins Scientific
Syngenta
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
AbbVie Inc.
Eli Lilly and Company
Roche Holding AG
Novartis AG
Pfizer Inc.
Merck & Co., Inc.
Johnson & Johnson
In October 2023, Emmes, a drug discovery CRO, and Taconic Biosciences, a prominent provider of genetically modified mice, announced a collaboration to provide researchers with a broader selection of sophisticated mice models for preclinical studies. This alliance hopes to speed up medication development by giving researchers better tools to forecast therapeutic efficacy and safety.
In October 2024, Charles River, a prominent provider of research models and services, expanded its gene editing capabilities through a collaboration with CRISPR Therapeutics. This will allow researchers to create personalized medicine models for more targeted and effective therapies.
In October 2023, The Jackson Laboratory, a pioneer in mice genetics, announced a breakthrough in producing humanized mice models for cancer research. These models have a human immune system, which allows for more precise testing of cancer treatments and tailored medicine techniques.
In September 2023, Regeneron, a leading biopharmaceutical company, and Janssen Pharmaceuticals announced a collaboration to create a novel mice model for investigating Alzheimer's disease. This model will imitate important aspects of human disease, allowing for the development of new treatments.
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1 GLOBAL MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TYPE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 2 GLOBAL MICE MODEL MARKET, SERVICE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 3 GLOBAL MICE MODEL MARKET, TECHNOLOGY, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 4 GLOBAL MICE MODEL MARKET, APPLICATION, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 5 GLOBAL MICE MODEL MARKET, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 6 NORTH AMERICA MICE MODEL MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 7 NORTH AMERICA MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TYPE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 8 NORTH AMERICA MICE MODEL MARKET, BY SERVICE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 9 NORTH AMERICA MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 10 NORTH AMERICA MICE MODEL MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 11 U.S. MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TYPE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 12 U.S. MICE MODEL MARKET, BY SERVICE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 13 U.S. MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 14 U.S. MICE MODEL MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 15 CANADA MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TYPE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 16 CANADA MICE MODEL MARKET, BY SERVICE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 17 CANADA MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 18 CANADA MICE MODEL MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 19 MEXICO MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TYPE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 20 MEXICO MICE MODEL MARKET, BY SERVICE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 21 MEXICO MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 22 MEXICO MICE MODEL MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 23 EUROPE MICE MODEL MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 24 EUROPE MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TYPE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 25 EUROPE MICE MODEL MARKET, BY SERVICE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 26 EUROPE MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 27 EUROPE MICE MODEL MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 28 GERMANY MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TYPE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 29 GERMANY MICE MODEL MARKET, BY SERVICE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 30 GERMANY MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 31 GERMANY MICE MODEL MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 32 UK MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TYPE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 33 UK MICE MODEL MARKET, BY SERVICE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 34 UK MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 35 UK MICE MODEL MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 36 FRANCE MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TYPE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 37 FRANCE MICE MODEL MARKET, BY SERVICE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 38 FRANCE MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 39 FRANCE MICE MODEL MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 40 REST OF EUROPE MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TYPE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 41 REST OF EUROPE MICE MODEL MARKET, BY SERVICE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 42 REST OF EUROPE MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 43 REST OF EUROPE MICE MODEL MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 44 ASIA PACIFIC MICE MODEL MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 45 ASIA PACIFIC MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TYPE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 46 ASIA PACIFIC MICE MODEL MARKET, BY SERVICE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 47 ASIA PACIFIC MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 48 ASIA PACIFIC MICE MODEL MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 49 CHINA MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TYPE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 50 CHINA MICE MODEL MARKET, BY SERVICE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 51 CHINA MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 52 CHINA MICE MODEL MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 53 JAPAN MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TYPE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 54 JAPAN MICE MODEL MARKET, BY SERVICE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 55 JAPAN MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 56 JAPAN MICE MODEL MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 57 INDIA MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TYPE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 58 INDIA MICE MODEL MARKET, BY SERVICE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 59 INDIA MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 60 INDIA MICE MODEL MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 61 REST OF ASIA-PACIFIC MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TYPE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 62 REST OF ASIA-PACIFIC MICE MODEL MARKET, BY SERVICE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 63 REST OF ASIA-PACIFIC MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 64 REST OF ASIA-PACIFIC MICE MODEL MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 65 ROW MICE MODEL MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 66 ROW MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TYPE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 67 ROW MICE MODEL MARKET, BY SERVICE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 68 ROW MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 69 ROW MICE MODEL MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 70 LATIN AMERICA MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TYPE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 71 LATIN AMERICA MICE MODEL MARKET, BY SERVICE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 72 LATIN AMERICA MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 73 LATIN AMERICA MICE MODEL MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 74 MIDDLE EAST MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TYPE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 75 MIDDLE EAST MICE MODEL MARKET, BY SERVICE, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 76 MIDDLE EAST MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 77 MIDDLE EAST MICE MODEL MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 78 LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS: PRODUCT BENCHMARKING
TABLE 79 LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS: KEY DEVELOPMENTS
TABLE 80 CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.: PRODUCT BENCHMARKING
TABLE 81 THE JACKSON LABORATORY: PRODUCT BENCHMARKING
TABLE 82 THE JACKSON LABORATORY: KEY DEVELOPMENTS
TABLE 83 JANVIER LABS: PRODUCT BENCHMARKING
TABLE 84 HARBOUR ANTIBODIES BV: PRODUCT BENCHMARKING
TABLE 85 HARBOUR ANTIBODIES BV: KEY DEVELOPMENTS
TABLE 86 TRANS GENIC, INC.: PRODUCT BENCHMARKING
TABLE 87 TRANS GENIC, INC.: KEY DEVELOPMENTS
TABLE 88 GENOWAY: PRODUCT BENCHMARKING
TABLE 89 GENOWAY: KEY DEVELOPMENTS
TABLE 90 TACONIC BIOSCIENCES, INC.: PRODUCT BENCHMARKING
TABLE 91 ENVIGO: PRODUCT BENCHMARKING
TABLE 92 ENVIGO: KEY DEVELOPMENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1 GLOBAL MICE MODEL MARKET SEGMENTATION
FIGURE 2 RESEARCH TIMELINES
FIGURE 3 DATA TRIANGULATION
FIGURE 4 MARKET RESEARCH FLOW
FIGURE 5 DATA SOURCES
FIGURE 6 GLOBAL MICE MODEL MARKET OVERVIEW
FIGURE 7 GLOBAL MICE MODEL MARKET GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS, 2019-2026
FIGURE 8 GLOBAL MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TYPE (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 9 GLOBAL MICE MODEL MARKET, BY SERVICE (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 10 GLOBAL MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 11 GLOBAL MICE MODEL MARKET, BY APPLICATION (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 12 FUTURE MARKET OPPORTUNITIES
FIGURE 13 NORTH AMERICA DOMINATED THE MARKET IN 2018
FIGURE 14 GLOBAL MICE MODEL MARKET OUTLOOK
FIGURE 15 WORLDWIDE TOTAL PHARMACEUTICAL R&D SPEND IN 2017-2024 (USD BILLION)
FIGURE 16 PORTERS FIVE FORCE MODEL
FIGURE 17 GLOBAL MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TYPE
FIGURE 18 GLOBAL MICE MODEL MARKET, BY SERVICE
FIGURE 19 GLOBAL MICE MODEL MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY
FIGURE 20 GLOBAL MICE MODEL MARKET, BY APPLICATION
FIGURE 21 GLOBAL MICE MODEL MARKET, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2017 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 22 NORTH AMERICA MARKET SNAPSHOT
FIGURE 23 EUROPE MARKET SNAPSHOT
FIGURE 24 ASIA PACIFIC MARKET SNAPSHOT
FIGURE 25 ROW MARKET SNAPSHOT
FIGURE 26 KEY STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTS
FIGURE 27 LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS: COMPANY INSIGHT
FIGURE 28 LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS: SEGMENT BREAKDOWN
FIGURE 29 LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS: SWOT ANALYSIS
FIGURE 30 CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.: COMPANY INSIGHT
FIGURE 31 CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.: SEGMENT BREAKDOWN
FIGURE 32 CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.: SWOT ANALYSIS
FIGURE 33 THE JACKSON LABORATORY: COMPANY INSIGHT
FIGURE 34 THE JACKSON LABORATORY: SWOT ANALYSIS
FIGURE 35 JANVIER LABS: COMPANY INSIGHTS
FIGURE 36 HARBOUR ANTIBODIES BV: COMPANY INSIGHT
FIGURE 37 TRANS GENIC, INC.: COMPANY INSIGHT
FIGURE 38 TRANS GENIC, INC.: SEGMENT BREAKDOWN
FIGURE 39 GENOWAY: COMPANY INSIGHT
FIGURE 40 GENOWAY: SEGMENT BREAKDOWN
FIGURE 41 TACONIC BIOSCIENCES, INC.: COMPANY INSIGHT
FIGURE 42 ENVIGO: COMPANY INSIGHT