全球镍合金市场 - 2023-2030
市场调查报告书
商品编码
1304554

全球镍合金市场 - 2023-2030

Global Nickel Alloys Market - 2023-2030

出版日期: | 出版商: DataM Intelligence | 英文 223 Pages | 商品交期: 最快1-2个工作天内

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简介目录

市场概述

全球镍合金市场规模在2022年达到146亿美元,预计到2030年将达到191亿美元,2023-2030年的年复合增长率为3.5%。

近年来,全球镍合金市场经历了大幅增长,其驱动因素包括航空航天和发电行业的扩张以及对高性能材料日益增长的需求。

镍合金具有优异的机械强度、抗蠕变性、耐腐蚀性和热稳定性,因此非常适合航空航天、发电和汽车领域的关键应用。

随着冶金和制造技术的不断进步,镍合金有望迎来重大的市场增长机会。在区域主导地位方面,亚太地区在全球镍合金市场中占有最大份额,约占市场份额的1/3。

这一事实归因于该地区丰富的矿产储量以及终端用户垂直行业的快速增长,尤其是汽车和航空航天行业。由于电力需求和发电量的不断扩大,亚太地区见证了积极的市场趋势,镍合金行业的参与度也在不断提高。

此外,在全球镍合金市场的各种材料细分市场中,电镀占主导地位,占据近2/3的市场份额。在汽车和航空航天领域的广泛应用是其占据主导地位的主要原因。

市场动态

镍合金的优异性能增加了其在石油和天然气勘探领域的应用

镍合金是一种高性能合金,具有优异的耐高温、耐腐蚀和耐机械应力性能。尽管可再生能源日益受到重视,但石油和天然气仍然至关重要。石油和天然气行业是推动镍合金需求的关键,尤其是在上游勘探和生产活动中。镍合金用于在高压和高温条件下工作的钻探和开采设备。

根据美国能源信息署(EIA)的数据,2020年全球液体燃料日消费量将达到1.016亿桶。对石油和天然气的持续需求促进了对先进钻井技术的需求,从而推动了对镍合金的需求。随着石油和天然气行业不断突破技术极限,并在极端条件下运行,对高性能镍合金的需求预计将上升,这将在未来几年为市场参与者提供有利可图的机会。因此,超级合金的优异性能可增加其在石油和天然气勘探领域的应用,这将成为镍合金市场的主要驱动力。

镍合金在航空航天和汽车行业的应用不断增长

镍合金是一种高性能合金,具有优异的机械强度、耐腐蚀性和耐热性,因此在航空航天和汽车等行业的关键应用中不可或缺。航空航天领域是镍合金的重要消费领域,主要用于飞机推进中的燃气涡轮发动机。

在航空旅行、国防预算和技术进步的推动下,商用和军用飞机的需求持续上升。根据国际航空运输协会(IATA)的数据,预计到2037年,全球航空客运量将比2017年翻一番。

此外,汽车行业对高性能和高燃油效率发动机的需求不断增长,导致关键部件采用镍合金。镍合金可提高发动机性能、耐用性以及耐高温和腐蚀性环境的能力。

政府减少碳排放和提高燃油效率的倡议推动了对先进发动机技术的需求。例如,欧盟对乘用车和轻型商用车二氧化碳排放的规定旨在到2021年实现平均每公里排放95克二氧化碳的目标。随着航空航天和汽车行业继续优先考虑高性能和可靠的材料,预计未来几年对镍合金的需求将进一步激增。

严格的环境法规和来自替代品的竞争

环境和可持续发展问题严重制约了全球镍合金市场的发展。镍矿开采和精炼过程会对环境造成不利影响,包括森林砍伐、水污染和温室气体排放。世界各国政府和监管机构正在实施更严格的环境法规,加大了镍行业采用可持续发展做法的压力。

例如,欧盟(EU)的循环经济战略旨在促进材料的可持续利用、回收和减少废物。遵守这些法规为市场参与者增加了额外的成本和挑战,可能会阻碍市场增长。

替代材料的可用性对全球镍合金市场构成挑战。在某些应用中,镍合金与不锈钢、铝合金和复合材料等替代品竞争。这些材料以较低的成本提供相似的性能,使其成为某些行业具有吸引力的替代品。

先进材料和制造工艺的发展进一步加剧了竞争。市场参与者需要不断创新,展示镍合金的独特优势,以保持其市场地位。

COVID-19影响分析

2020年初爆发的COVID-19疫情对全球各行各业产生了重大影响,镍合金市场也不例外。镍合金以其优异的耐腐蚀性和高温强度而闻名,在航空航天、汽车、石油天然气和化学加工等领域得到广泛应用。

大流行病引发的经济衰退导致主要终端行业对镍合金的需求波动。作为镍合金主要消费行业之一的航空航天业面临着航空旅行和飞机生产的严重下滑。

根据国际航空运输协会(IATA)的数据,与2019年相比,2020年全球航空客运量骤降65.9%。这一事实导致新飞机订单减少,维护和维修活动减少,直接影响了对镍合金的需求。

同样,汽车行业的汽车产销量下降,影响了发动机部件和排气系统对镍合金的需求。然而,镍合金行业的弹性和适应性将在克服大流行病带来的挑战和塑造其未来增长中发挥关键作用。

目录

第一章 研究方法和范围

  • 研究方法
  • 研究目的和报告范围

第2章:定义和概述

第三章:执行摘要

  • 按应用分類的片段
  • 按最终用户分类
  • 按地区划分

第四章 动态

  • 影响因素
    • 驱动因素
      • 基础设施建设和城市化
      • 航空航天和汽车行业的增长
    • 限制因素
      • 原材料价格波动
    • 机会
    • 影响分析

第五章 行业分析

  • 波特五力分析法
  • 供应链分析
  • 定价分析
  • 法规分析

第六章:COVID-19分析

  • COVID-19分析
    • COVID之前的情景
    • COVID期间的情景
    • COVID之后的情景
  • COVID-19 期间的定价动态
  • 供求关系
  • 大流行期间与市场相关的政府倡议
  • 制造商的战略倡议
  • 结论

第七章:按类型

  • 镍铁合金
  • 镍铜合金
  • 镍钼合金
  • 镍铬合金
  • 镍钛合金
  • 其他合金

第八章:按产品分类

  • 角钢
  • 管材
  • 管材
  • 棒材
  • 钢坯
  • 钢锭
  • 槽钢
  • 卷材
  • 线材
  • 棒材
  • 板材
  • 板材
  • 带材
  • 法兰
  • 锻件
  • 管件
  • 其他

第九章:按应用分类

  • 电镀
  • 有色金属合金和超级合金
  • 不锈钢和合金钢
  • 其他

第十章:按最终用户分类

  • 化工行业
  • 建筑
  • 电气和电子设备
  • 家用电器
  • 金属加工
  • 工业机械
  • 石油设备
  • 交通运输
  • 其他行业

第十一章:按地区划分

  • 北美洲
    • 美国
    • 加拿大
    • 墨西哥
  • 欧洲
    • 德国
    • 英国
    • 法国
    • 法国
    • 俄罗斯
    • 欧洲其他地区
  • 南美洲
    • 巴西
    • 阿根廷
    • 南美其他地区
  • 亚太地区
    • 中国
    • 日本
    • 日本
    • 澳大利亚
    • 亚太其他地区
  • 中东和非洲

第十二章 :竞争格局

  • 竞争格局
  • 市场定位/份额分析
  • 合併与收购分析

第十三章 :公司简介

  • Anglo American Plc
    • 公司概况
    • 产品组合和描述
    • 财务概况
    • 近期发展
  • BHP Billiton
  • Eramet SA
  • Glencore
  • Jinchuan Group
  • Norilsk Nickel
  • Minara Resources
  • Norilsk Nickel
  • PT Antam
  • Sherritt International Corp.

第十四章:附录

简介目录
Product Code: MM173

Market Overview

The Global Nickel Alloys Market reached US$ 14.6 billion in 2022 and is expected to reach US$ 19.1 billion by 2030, growing with a CAGR of 3.5% during the forecast period 2023-2030.

The Global Nickel Alloys Market has experienced significant growth in recent years, driven by various factors, including the expansion of the aerospace and power generation industries and the increasing demand for high-performance materials.

Nickel Alloys possess exceptional mechanical strength, resistance to creep, corrosion, and thermal stability, making them highly suitable for critical applications in aerospace, power generation, and automotive sectors.

With continuous advancements in metallurgy and manufacturing techniques, nickel alloys are expected to experience significant market opportunities for growth. Regarding regional dominance, the Asia-Pacific region holds the largest share in the global nickel alloys market, covering approximately 1/3rd of the market share.

The individual fact is attributed to the region's abundant mineral reserves and the rapid growth of end-user verticals, particularly the automotive and aerospace industries. The Asia-Pacific region has witnessed positive market trends and increased participation in the nickel alloys industry due to the expanding power requirements and generation.

Furthermore, among the various material segments in the global nickel alloys market, electroplating dominate, accounting for nearly 2/3rd of the market share. The respective dominance is primarily driven by their extensive utilization in the automotive and aerospace sectors.

Market Dynamics

The Exceptional Properties of Nickel Alloys that Increase their Applications in Oil and Gas Exploration

Nickel Alloys are high-performance alloys that exhibit exceptional resistance to high temperatures, corrosion, and mechanical stress. Despite the increasing focus on renewable energy sources, oil and gas remain vital. The oil and gas industry is crucial in driving the demand for nickel alloys, particularly in upstream exploration and production activities. Nickel Alloys are used in drilling and extraction equipment that operates under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions.

According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), global liquid fuel consumption reached 101.6 million barrels per day in 2020. The sustained demand for oil and gas fuels the need for advanced drilling technologies, driving the demand for nickel alloys. As oil and gas industries continue to push technological boundaries and operate under extreme conditions, the demand for high-performance nickel alloys is expected to rise, offering lucrative opportunities for market players in the coming years. Thus, the exceptional properties of superalloys that increase their applications in oil and gas exploration could be a major driver for the nickel alloys market.

Growing Applications of Nickel Alloys in Aerospace and Automotive Industries

Nickel Alloys are high-performance alloys that exhibit exceptional mechanical strength, resistance to corrosion, and heat resistance, making them indispensable in critical applications across industries such as aerospace and automotive. The aerospace sector is a significant consumer of nickel alloys, primarily for gas turbine engines used in aircraft propulsion.

The demand for commercial and military aircraft continues to rise, fueled by increasing air travel, defense budgets, and technological advancements. According to the International Air Transport Association (IATA), global air passenger traffic is projected to double by 2037 compared to 2017.

Further, the automotive industry is witnessing a growing demand for high-performance and fuel-efficient engines, leading to the adoption of nickel alloys in critical components. Nickel Alloys enhance engine performance, durability, and resistance to high temperatures and corrosive environments.

Government initiatives to reduce carbon emissions and improve fuel efficiency are driving the demand for advanced engine technologies. For instance, the European Union's regulation on CO2 emissions for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles aims to achieve an average emission target of 95 grams of CO2 per kilometer by 2021. As aerospace and automotive industries continue to prioritize high-performance and reliable materials, the demand for nickel alloys is expected to further surge in the coming years.

Stringent Environmental Regulations and Competition from Substitutes

Environmental and sustainability concerns pose a significant restraint to the global nickel alloys market. Nickel mining and refining processes can have adverse environmental impacts, including deforestation, water pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. Governments and regulatory bodies worldwide are implementing stricter environmental regulations, increasing pressure on the nickel industry to adopt sustainable practices.

For instance, the European Union's (EU) circular economy strategy aims to promote sustainable material use, recycling, and waste reduction. Compliance with these regulations adds additional costs and challenges for market players, potentially hampering market growth.

The availability of alternative materials challenges the Global Nickel Alloys Market. In certain applications, nickel alloys compete with substitutes such as stainless steel, aluminum alloys, and composites. Such materials offer similar properties at a lower cost, making them attractive alternatives for certain industries.

The development of advanced materials and manufacturing processes further intensifies the competition. Market players need to continuously innovate and demonstrate the unique advantages of nickel alloys to maintain their market position.

COVID-19 Impact Analysis

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020 has had a significant impact on various industries worldwide, and the nickel alloys market is no exception. Nickel alloys, known for their superior corrosion resistance and high-temperature strength, find extensive applications in sectors such as aerospace, automotive, oil and gas, and chemical processing.

The pandemic-induced economic downturn resulted in fluctuating demand for nickel alloys across key end-use industries. The aerospace sector, one of the significant consumers of nickel alloys, faced a severe decline in air travel and aircraft production.

According to data from the International Air Transport Association (IATA), global air passenger traffic plunged by 65.9% in 2020 compared to 2019. The respective fact has led to reduced orders for new aircraft and a decrease in maintenance and repair activities, directly affecting the demand for nickel alloys.

Similarly, the automotive industry witnessed a decline in vehicle production and sales, impacting the demand for nickel alloys used in engine components and exhaust systems. However, the resilience and adaptability of the nickel alloys industry will play a crucial role in overcoming the challenges posed by the pandemic and shaping its future growth.

Segment Analysis

The Global Nickel Alloys Market is segmented based on type, product, application, end-user and region.

Exceptional Properties of Nickel Alloys That Boost their Applications in Chemical and Aerospace Verticals

With the continuous investment in aerospace and defense and the growth of the chemical industry, the demand for nickel-plated components is set to surge. The aerospace and defense sectors are significant contributors to the growth of the electroplating segment in the global nickel alloys market.

Electroplated nickel alloys offer superior protection against corrosion and wear, making them ideal for aerospace and defense applications. With increasing defense budgets worldwide, governments have invested heavily in the aerospace and defense sectors. According to government sources, global military expenditure reached US$ 1.98 trillion in 2020, with an increase of 2.6% compared to the previous year.

The increased investment in aerospace and defense drives the demand for nickel-plated components used in aircraft engines, missile systems, and other critical applications.

The chemical processing and petrochemical industries also contribute to the growth of the electroplating applications segment in the nickel alloys market. Electroplated nickel alloys provide excellent corrosion resistance, making them suitable for various chemical processing and petrochemical applications.

The demand for nickel-plated components in these industries is driven by the need to ensure safety, durability, and long-term performance. Government sources indicate steady growth in the chemical industry, with global chemical sales reaching over $4.1 trillion in 2020. The respective growth underscores the increasing demand for nickel-plated components used in chemical processing and petrochemical applications.

Geographical Analysis

Booming Automotive and Aerospace Industries and Increasing Energy Demand and Power Generation

The Asia-Pacific region demonstrates substantial growth potential in the global nickel alloys market, driven by booming automotive and aerospace industries and increasing energy demand and power generation. The automotive and aerospace sectors play a crucial role in driving the growth of the nickel alloys market in the Asia-Pacific region.

As economies in Asia-Pacific experience a rise in disposable income and urbanization, there is a surge in automotive production and air travel demand. Nickel alloys, known for their excellent strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance, are widely used in engine components, exhaust systems, and aircraft structures. According to the International Air Transport Association (IATA), Asia-Pacific accounted for nearly 40% of global air passenger traffic in 2020, underscoring the region's dominance in the aerospace sector.

The Asia-Pacific region's escalating energy demand, particularly in emerging economies like China and India, drives the growth of the nickel alloys market. Nickel alloys are extensively used in the production of power generation equipment, including gas turbines, heat exchangers, and nuclear power systems.

With the rising focus on clean and renewable energy sources, the demand for nickel alloys in solar power and wind energy applications is also increasing. The Asia-Pacific region has witnessed significant investments in renewable energy projects, supported by government initiatives and policies promoting sustainable energy sources.

Competitive Landscape

The major global players include: Anglo American Plc, BHP Billiton, Eramet SA, Glencore, Jinchuan Group, Norilsk Nickel, Minara Resources, Norilsk Nickel, PT Antam and Sherritt International Corp.

Why Purchase the Report?

  • To visualize the Global Nickel Alloys Market segmentation based on type, product application, end-user and region, as well as understand key commercial assets and players.
  • Identify commercial opportunities by analyzing trends and co-development.
  • Excel data sheet with numerous data points of nickel alloys market-level with all segments.
  • PDF report consists of a comprehensive analysis after exhaustive qualitative interviews and an in-depth study.
  • Product mapping available as Excel consisting of key products of all the major players.

The Global Nickel Alloys Market Report Would Provide Approximately 70 Tables, 91 Figures And 223 Pages.

Target Audience 2023

  • Manufacturers/ Buyers
  • Industry Investors/Investment Bankers
  • Research Professionals
  • Emerging Companies

Table of Contents

1. Methodology and Scope

  • 1.1. Research Methodology
  • 1.2. Research Objective and Scope of the Report

2. Definition and Overview

3. Executive Summary

  • 3.1. Snippet by Application
  • 3.2. Snippet by End-User
  • 3.3. Snippet by Region

4. Dynamics

  • 4.1. Impacting Factors
    • 4.1.1. Drivers
      • 4.1.1.1. Infrastructure Development and Urbanization
      • 4.1.1.2. Growing Aerospace and Automotive Industries
    • 4.1.2. Restraints
      • 4.1.2.1. Volatility in Raw Material Prices
    • 4.1.3. Opportunity
    • 4.1.4. Impact Analysis

5. Industry Analysis

  • 5.1. Porter's Five Force Analysis
  • 5.2. Supply Chain Analysis
  • 5.3. Pricing Analysis
  • 5.4. Regulatory Analysis

6. COVID-19 Analysis

  • 6.1. Analysis of COVID-19
    • 6.1.1. Scenario Before COVID
    • 6.1.2. Scenario During COVID
    • 6.1.3. Scenario Post COVID
  • 6.2. Pricing Dynamics Amid COVID-19
  • 6.3. Demand-Supply Spectrum
  • 6.4. Government Initiatives Related to the Market During Pandemic
  • 6.5. Manufacturers Strategic Initiatives
  • 6.6. Conclusion

7. By Type

  • 7.1. Introduction
    • 7.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Type
    • 7.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Type
  • 7.2. Nickel-Iron Alloys*
    • 7.2.1. Introduction
    • 7.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 7.3. Nickel-Copper Alloys
  • 7.4. Nickel-Molybdenum Alloys
  • 7.5. Nickel-Chromium Alloys
  • 7.6. Nickel-Titanium Alloys
  • 7.7. Others

8. By Product

  • 8.1. Introduction
    • 8.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product
    • 8.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Product
  • 8.2. Angles*
    • 8.2.1. Introduction
    • 8.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 8.3. Balls
  • 8.4. Pipe
  • 8.5. Tubing
  • 8.6. Bars
  • 8.7. Billets
  • 8.8. Ingots
  • 8.9. Channels
  • 8.10. Coils
  • 8.11. Wire
  • 8.12. Rods
  • 8.13. Sheets
  • 8.14. Plate
  • 8.15. Strips
  • 8.16. Flanges
  • 8.17. Forgings
  • 8.18. Pipe fittings
  • 8.19. Others

9. By Application

  • 9.1. Introduction
    • 9.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
    • 9.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Application
  • 9.2. Electroplating*
    • 9.2.1. Introduction
    • 9.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 9.3. Non-Ferrous Alloys and Superalloys
  • 9.4. Stainless and Alloy Steels
  • 9.5. Others

10. By End-User

  • 10.1. Introduction
    • 10.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
    • 10.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By End-User
  • 10.2. Chemical*
    • 10.2.1. Introduction
    • 10.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 10.3. Building and Construction
  • 10.4. Electrical and Electronic Equipments
  • 10.5. Household Appliances
  • 10.6. Metal Fabrication
  • 10.7. Industrial Machinery
  • 10.8. Petroleum
  • 10.9. Transportation
  • 10.10. Others

11. By Region

  • 11.1. Introduction
    • 11.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Region
    • 11.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Region
  • 11.2. North America
    • 11.2.1. Introduction
    • 11.2.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 11.2.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Type
    • 11.2.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product
    • 11.2.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
    • 11.2.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
    • 11.2.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 11.2.7.1. The U.S.
      • 11.2.7.2. Canada
      • 11.2.7.3. Mexico
  • 11.3. Europe
    • 11.3.1. Introduction
    • 11.3.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 11.3.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Type
    • 11.3.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product
    • 11.3.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
    • 11.3.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
    • 11.3.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 11.3.7.1. Germany
      • 11.3.7.2. The UK
      • 11.3.7.3. France
      • 11.3.7.4. Italy
      • 11.3.7.5. Russia
      • 11.3.7.6. Rest of Europe
  • 11.4. South America
    • 11.4.1. Introduction
    • 11.4.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 11.4.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Type
    • 11.4.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product
    • 11.4.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
    • 11.4.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
    • 11.4.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 11.4.7.1. Brazil
      • 11.4.7.2. Argentina
      • 11.4.7.3. Rest of South America
  • 11.5. Asia-Pacific
    • 11.5.1. Introduction
    • 11.5.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 11.5.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Type
    • 11.5.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product
    • 11.5.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
    • 11.5.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
    • 11.5.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 11.5.7.1. China
      • 11.5.7.2. India
      • 11.5.7.3. Japan
      • 11.5.7.4. Australia
      • 11.5.7.5. Rest of Asia-Pacific
  • 11.6. Middle East and Africa
    • 11.6.1. Introduction
    • 11.6.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 11.6.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Type
    • 11.6.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product
    • 11.6.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
    • 11.6.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User

12. Competitive Landscape

  • 12.1. Competitive Scenario
  • 12.2. Market Positioning/Share Analysis
  • 12.3. Mergers and Acquisitions Analysis

13. Company Profiles

  • 13.1. Anglo American Plc*
    • 13.1.1. Company Overview
    • 13.1.2. Product Portfolio and Description
    • 13.1.3. Financial Overview
    • 13.1.4. Recent Developments
  • 13.2. BHP Billiton
  • 13.3. Eramet SA
  • 13.4. Glencore
  • 13.5. Jinchuan Group
  • 13.6. Norilsk Nickel
  • 13.7. Minara Resources
  • 13.8. Norilsk Nickel
  • 13.9. PT Antam
  • 13.10. Sherritt International Corp.

LIST NOT EXHAUSTIVE

14. Appendix

  • 14.1. About Us and Services
  • 14.2. Contact Us