As the world intensifies its efforts to achieve net-zero emissions, CCUS technologies are emerging as critical solutions for reducing emissions across essential hard-to-abate sectors sectors. Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) refers to technologies that capture CO2 emissions and use or store them, leading to permanent sequestration. CCUS technologies capture carbon dioxide emissions from large power sources, including power generation or industrial facilities that use either fossil fuels or biomass for fuel. CO2 can also be captured directly from the atmosphere. If not utilized onsite, captured CO2 is compressed and transported by pipeline, ship, rail or truck to be used in a range of applications, or injected into deep geological formations (including depleted oil and gas reservoirs or saline formations) which trap th CO2 for permanent storage.
"Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) Global Market 2025-2045" offers an in-depth analysis offers valuable insights for stakeholders in the energy, industrial, and environmental sectors, as well as policymakers, investors, and researchers seeking to understand the transformative potential of CCUS in the global transition to a low-carbon economy. Report contents include:
- Analysis of market trends for integrated CCUS solutions, the rise of direct air capture technologies, and the growing interest in CO2 utilization for value-added products.
- In-depth examination of key CCUS technologies, their current state of development, and future innovations:
- Carbon Capture:
- Post-combustion capture
- Pre-combustion capture
- Oxy-fuel combustion
- Direct air capture (DAC)
- Emerging capture technologies (e.g., membrane-based, cryogenic)
- Carbon Utilization:
- CO2-derived fuels and chemicals
- Building materials and concrete curing
- Enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
- Biological utilization (e.g., algae cultivation)
- Mineralization processes
- Carbon Storage:
- Geological sequestration in saline aquifers
- Depleted oil and gas reservoirs
- Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) with storage
- Mineral carbonation
- Ocean storage (potential future applications)
- Technology readiness levels (TRLs) of various CCUS approaches, highlighting areas of rapid advancement and identifying potential game-changers in the industry.
- Global CCUS capacity additions by technology and region
- CO2 capture volumes by source (power generation, industry, direct air capture)
- Utilization volumes by application (fuels, chemicals, materials, EOR)
- Storage volumes by type (geological, mineralization, other)
- Market size and revenue projections for key CCUS segments
- Investment trends and capital expenditure forecasts
- Comprehensive overview of the CCUS industry value chain, from technology providers and equipment manufacturers to project developers and end-users.
- Detailed profiles of over 300 companies across the CCUS value chain. Companies profiled include Again, Airhive, Aker Carbon Capture, AspiraDAC, Capsol Technologies, Captura, Carbofex Oy, Carbon Blue, CarbonCapture, CarbonFree, Charm Industrial, Climeworks, Exxon Mobil, Graphyte, Holocene, ION Clean Energy, MCI Carbon, Mission Zero, Neustark, Noya, Octavia Carbon, Removr, Sirona Technologies, and Storegga.
- Analysis of key players' strategies, market positioning, and competitive advantages
- Assessment of partnerships, mergers, and acquisitions shaping the industry
- Evaluation of emerging start-ups and innovative technology providers
- Regional Analysis including current and planned CCUS projects, regulatory frameworks, investment climates, and growth opportunities.
- Policy and Regulatory Landscape
- Analysis of global, regional, and national climate policies impacting CCUS
- Overview of carbon pricing mechanisms and their effect on CCUS economics
- Examination of incentives, tax credits, and support schemes for CCUS projects
- Assessment of regulatory frameworks for CO2 transport and storage
- Projections of future policy developments and their market implications
- Detailed cost breakdowns for capture, transport, utilization, and storage
- Analysis of cost reduction trends and projections
- Comparison of CCUS costs across different applications and technologies
- Assessment of revenue streams and business models for CCUS projects
- Evaluation of the role of carbon markets in CCUS economics
- Challenges and Opportunities including:
- High capital and operational costs
- Technological barriers and scale-up issues
- Public perception and social acceptance
- Regulatory uncertainty and policy risks
- Infrastructure development needs
- Emerging opportunities, such as:
- Integration with hydrogen production for blue hydrogen
- Negative emissions technologies (NETs) like BECCS and DACCS
- Development of CCUS hubs and clusters
- Novel CO2 utilization pathways in high-value products
- Potential for CCUS in hard-to-abate sectors
- Future Outlook and Scenarios including
- Pace of technological innovation
- Strength of climate policies and carbon pricing
- Public acceptance and support for CCUS
- Integration with other clean energy technologies
- Global economic trends and energy market dynamics
This comprehensive market report is an essential resource for:
- Energy and industrial companies exploring CCUS opportunities
- Technology providers and equipment manufacturers in the CCUS space
- Project developers and investors in clean energy and climate solutions
- Policymakers and regulators shaping climate and energy policies
- Research institutions and academics studying carbon management strategies
- Environmental organizations and think tanks focused on climate change mitigation
- Financial institutions and analysts assessing the CCUS market potential
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. ABBREVIATIONS
2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 2.1. Definition of Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS)
- 2.2. Technology Readiness Level (TRL)
3. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- 3.1. Main sources of carbon dioxide emissions
- 3.2. CO2 as a commodity
- 3.3. Meeting climate targets
- 3.4. Market drivers and trends
- 3.5. The current market and future outlook
- 3.6. CCUS Industry developments 2020-2024
- 3.7. CCUS investments
- 3.7.1. Venture Capital Funding
- 3.7.1.1. 2010-2022
- 3.7.1.2. CCUS VC deals 2022-2024
- 3.8. Government CCUS initiatives
- 3.8.1. North America
- 3.8.2. Europe
- 3.8.3. Asia
- 3.8.3.1. Japan
- 3.8.3.2. Singapore
- 3.8.3.3. China
- 3.9. Market map
- 3.10. Commercial CCUS facilities and projects
- 3.10.1. Facilities
- 3.10.1.1. Operational
- 3.10.1.2. Under development/construction
- 3.11. CCUS Value Chain
- 3.12. Key market barriers for CCUS
- 3.13. Carbon pricing
- 3.13.1. Compliance Carbon Pricing Mechanisms
- 3.13.2. Alternative to Carbon Pricing: 45Q Tax Credits
- 3.13.3. Business models
- 3.13.4. The European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS)
- 3.13.5. Carbon Pricing in the US
- 3.13.6. Carbon Pricing in China
- 3.13.7. Voluntary Carbon Markets
- 3.13.8. Challenges with Carbon Pricing
- 3.14. Global market forecasts
- 3.14.1. CCUS capture capacity forecast by end point
- 3.14.2. Capture capacity by region to 2045, Mtpa
- 3.14.3. Revenues
- 3.14.4. CCUS capacity forecast by capture type
4. INTRODUCTION
- 4.1. What is CCUS?
- 4.1.1. Carbon Capture
- 4.1.1.1. Source Characterization
- 4.1.1.2. Purification
- 4.1.1.3. CO2 capture technologies
- 4.1.2. Carbon Utilization
- 4.1.2.1. CO2 utilization pathways
- 4.1.3. Carbon storage
- 4.1.3.1. Passive storage
- 4.1.3.2. Enhanced oil recovery
- 4.2. Transporting CO2
- 4.2.1. Methods of CO2 transport
- 4.2.1.1. Pipeline
- 4.2.1.2. Ship
- 4.2.1.3. Road
- 4.2.1.4. Rail
- 4.2.2. Safety
- 4.3. Costs
- 4.3.1. Cost of CO2 transport
- 4.4. Carbon credits
5. CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE
- 5.1. CO2 capture technologies
- 5.2 >90% capture rate
- 5.3 99% capture rate
- 5.4. CO2 capture from point sources
- 5.4.1. Energy Availability and Costs
- 5.4.2. Power plants with CCUS
- 5.4.3. Transportation
- 5.4.4. Global point source CO2 capture capacities
- 5.4.5. By source
- 5.4.6. Blue hydrogen
- 5.4.6.1. Steam-methane reforming (SMR)
- 5.4.6.2. Autothermal reforming (ATR)
- 5.4.6.3. Partial oxidation (POX)
- 5.4.6.4. Sorption Enhanced Steam Methane Reforming (SE-SMR)
- 5.4.6.5. Pre-Combustion vs. Post-Combustion carbon capture
- 5.4.6.6. Blue hydrogen projects
- 5.4.6.7. Costs
- 5.4.6.8. Market players
- 5.4.8. Carbon capture in cement
- 5.4.8.1. CCUS Projects
- 5.4.8.2. Carbon capture technologies
- 5.4.8.3. Costs
- 5.4.8.4. Challenges
- 5.4.9. Maritime carbon capture
- 5.5. Main carbon capture processes
- 5.5.1. Materials
- 5.5.2. Post-combustion
- 5.5.2.1. Chemicals/Solvents
- 5.5.2.2. Amine-based post-combustion CO2 absorption
- 5.5.2.3. Physical absorption solvents
- 5.5.3. Oxy-fuel combustion
- 5.5.3.1. Oxyfuel CCUS cement projects
- 5.5.3.2. Chemical Looping-Based Capture
- 5.5.4. Liquid or supercritical CO2: Allam-Fetvedt Cycle
- 5.5.5. Pre-combustion
- 5.6. Carbon separation technologies
- 5.6.1. Absorption capture
- 5.6.2. Adsorption capture
- 5.6.2.1. Solid sorbent-based CO2 separation
- 5.6.2.2. Metal organic framework (MOF) adsorbents
- 5.6.2.3. Zeolite-based adsorbents
- 5.6.2.4. Solid amine-based adsorbents
- 5.6.2.5. Carbon-based adsorbents
- 5.6.2.6. Polymer-based adsorbents
- 5.6.2.7. Solid sorbents in pre-combustion
- 5.6.2.8. Sorption Enhanced Water Gas Shift (SEWGS)
- 5.6.2.9. Solid sorbents in post-combustion
- 5.6.3. Membranes
- 5.6.3.1. Membrane-based CO2 separation
- 5.6.3.2. Post-combustion CO2 capture
- 5.6.3.2.1. Facilitated transport membranes
- 5.6.3.3. Pre-combustion capture
- 5.6.4. Liquid or supercritical CO2 (Cryogenic) capture
- 5.6.4.1. Cryogenic CO2 capture
- 5.6.5. Calcium Looping
- 5.6.5.1. Calix Advanced Calciner
- 5.6.6. Other technologies
- 5.6.6.1. LEILAC process
- 5.6.6.2. CO2 capture with Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs)
- 5.6.6.3. CO2 capture with Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFCs)
- 5.6.6.4. Microalgae Carbon Capture
- 5.6.7. Comparison of key separation technologies
- 5.6.8. Technology readiness level (TRL) of gas separation technologies
- 5.7. Opportunities and barriers
- 5.8. Costs of CO2 capture
- 5.9. CO2 capture capacity
- 5.10. Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS)
- 5.10.1. Overview of technology
- 5.10.2. Biomass conversion
- 5.10.3. BECCS facilities
- 5.10.4. Challenges
- 5.11. Direct air capture (DAC)
- 5.11.1. Technology description
- 5.11.1.1. Sorbent-based CO2 Capture
- 5.11.1.2. Solvent-based CO2 Capture
- 5.11.1.3. DAC Solid Sorbent Swing Adsorption Processes
- 5.11.1.4. Electro-Swing Adsorption (ESA) of CO2 for DAC
- 5.11.1.5. Solid and liquid DAC
- 5.11.2. Advantages of DAC
- 5.11.3. Deployment
- 5.11.4. Point source carbon capture versus Direct Air Capture
- 5.11.5. Technologies
- 5.11.5.1. Solid sorbents
- 5.11.5.2. Liquid sorbents
- 5.11.5.3. Liquid solvents
- 5.11.5.4. Airflow equipment integration
- 5.11.5.5. Passive Direct Air Capture (PDAC)
- 5.11.5.6. Direct conversion
- 5.11.5.7. Co-product generation
- 5.11.5.8. Low Temperature DAC
- 5.11.5.9. Regeneration methods
- 5.11.6. Electricity and Heat Sources
- 5.11.7. Commercialization and plants
- 5.11.8. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in DAC
- 5.11.9. DAC plants and projects-current and planned
- 5.11.10. Capacity forecasts
- 5.11.11. Costs
- 5.11.12. Market challenges for DAC
- 5.11.13. Market prospects for direct air capture
- 5.11.14. Players and production
- 5.11.15. Co2. utilization pathways
- 5.11.16. Markets for Direct Air Capture and Storage (DACCS)
- 5.11.16.1. Fuels
- 5.11.16.1.1. Overview
- 5.11.16.1.2. Production routes
- 5.11.16.1.3. Methanol
- 5.11.16.1.4. Algae based biofuels
- 5.11.16.1.5. CO2-fuels from solar
- 5.11.16.1.6. Companies
- 5.11.16.1.7. Challenges
- 5.11.16.2. Chemicals, plastics and polymers
- 5.11.16.2.1. Overview
- 5.11.16.2.2. Scalability
- 5.11.16.2.3. Plastics and polymers
- 5.11.16.2.3.1. CO2 utilization products
- 5.11.16.2.4. Urea production
- 5.11.16.2.5. Inert gas in semiconductor manufacturing
- 5.11.16.2.6. Carbon nanotubes
- 5.11.16.2.7. Companies
- 5.11.16.3. Construction materials
- 5.11.16.3.1. Overview
- 5.11.16.3.2. CCUS technologies
- 5.11.16.3.3. Carbonated aggregates
- 5.11.16.3.4. Additives during mixing
- 5.11.16.3.5. Concrete curing
- 5.11.16.3.6. Costs
- 5.11.16.3.7. Companies
- 5.11.16.3.8. Challenges
- 5.11.16.4. CO2 Utilization in Biological Yield-Boosting
- 5.11.16.4.1. Overview
- 5.11.16.4.2. Applications
- 5.11.16.4.2.1. Greenhouses
- 5.11.16.4.2.2. Algae cultivation
- 5.11.16.4.2.3. Microbial conversion
- 5.11.16.4.3. Companies
- 5.11.16.5. Food and feed production
- 5.11.16.6. CO2 Utilization in Enhanced Oil Recovery
- 5.11.16.6.1. Overview
- 5.11.16.6.1.1. Process
- 5.11.16.6.1.2. CO2 sources
- 5.11.16.6.2. CO2-EOR facilities and projects
6. CARBON DIOXIDE REMOVAL
- 6.1. Conventional CDR on land
- 6.1.1. Wetland and peatland restoration
- 6.1.2. Cropland, grassland, and agroforestry
- 6.2. Technological CDR Solutions
- 6.3. Technology Readiness Level (TRL): Carbon Dioxide Removal Methods
- 6.4. Carbon Credits
- 6.5. Value chain
- 6.6. Monitoring, reporting, and verification
- 6.7. Government policies
- 6.8. BECCS
- 6.8.1. Technology overview
- 6.8.1.1. Point Source Capture Technologies for BECCS
- 6.8.1.2. Energy efficiency
- 6.8.1.3. Heat generation
- 6.8.1.4. Waste-to-Energy
- 6.8.1.5. Blue Hydrogen Production
- 6.8.2. Biomass conversion
- 6.8.3. CO2 capture technologies
- 6.8.4. Bioenergy with Carbon Removal and Storage (BiCRS)
- 6.8.4.1. Advantages
- 6.8.4.2. Challenges
- 6.8.4.3. Costs
- 6.8.4.4. Feedstocks
- 6.8.5. BECCS facilities
- 6.8.6. Cost analysis
- 6.8.7. BECCS carbon credits
- 6.8.8. Sustainability
- 6.8.9. Challenges
- 6.9. Enhanced Weathering
- 6.9.1. Overview
- 6.9.1.1. Role of enhanced weathering in carbon dioxide removal
- 6.9.1.2. CO2 mineralization
- 6.9.2. Enhanced Weathering Processes and Materials
- 6.9.3. Enhanced Weathering Applications
- 6.9.4. Trends and Opportunities
- 6.9.5. Challenges and Risks
- 6.9.6. Cost analysis
- 6.9.7. SWOT analysis
- 6.10. Afforestation/Reforestation
- 6.10.1. Overview
- 6.10.2. Carbon dioxide removal methods
- 6.10.3. Remote sensing in A/R
- 6.10.4. Robotics
- 6.10.5. Trends and Opportunities
- 6.10.6. Challenges and Risks
- 6.10.7. SWOT analysis
- 6.11. Soil carbon sequestration (SCS)
- 6.11.1. Overview
- 6.11.2. Practices
- 6.11.3. Measuring and Verifying
- 6.11.4. Trends and Opportunities
- 6.11.5. Carbon credits
- 6.11.6. Challenges and Risks
- 6.11.7. SWOT analysis
- 6.12. Biochar
- 6.12.1. What is biochar?
- 6.12.2. Carbon sequestration
- 6.12.3. Properties of biochar
- 6.12.4. Feedstocks
- 6.12.5. Production processes
- 6.12.5.1. Sustainable production
- 6.12.5.2. Pyrolysis
- 6.12.5.2.1. Slow pyrolysis
- 6.12.5.2.2. Fast pyrolysis
- 6.12.5.3. Gasification
- 6.12.5.4. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC)
- 6.12.5.5. Torrefaction
- 6.12.5.6. Equipment manufacturers
- 6.12.6. Biochar pricing
- 6.12.7. Biochar carbon credits
- 6.12.7.1. Overview
- 6.12.7.2. Removal and reduction credits
- 6.12.7.3. The advantage of biochar
- 6.12.7.4. Prices
- 6.12.7.5. Buyers of biochar credits
- 6.12.7.6. Competitive materials and technologies
- 6.12.8. Bio-oil based CDR
- 6.12.9. Biomass burial for CO2 removal
- 6.12.10. Bio-based construction materials for CDR
- 6.12.11. SWOT analysis
- 6.13. Ocean-based CDR
- 6.13.1. Overview
- 6.13.2. Ocean pumps
- 6.13.3. CO2 capture from seawater
- 6.13.4. Ocean fertilisation
- 6.13.5. Coastal blue carbon
- 6.13.6. Algal cultivation
- 6.13.7. Artificial upwelling
- 6.13.8. MRV for marine CDR
- 6.13.9. Ocean alkalinisation
- 6.13.10. Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE)
- 6.13.11. Electrochemical ocean alkalinity enhancement
- 6.13.12. Direct ocean capture technology
- 6.13.13. Artificial downwelling
- 6.13.14. Trends and Opportunities
- 6.13.15. Ocean-based carbon credits
- 6.13.16. Cost analysis
- 6.13.17. Challenges and Risks
- 6.13.18. SWOT analysis
7. CARBON DIOXIDE UTILIZATION
- 7.1. Overview
- 7.1.1. Current market status
- 7.2. Carbon utilization business models
- 7.2.1. Benefits of carbon utilization
- 7.2.2. Market challenges
- 7.3. Co2. utilization pathways
- 7.4. Conversion processes
- 7.4.1. Thermochemical
- 7.4.1.1. Process overview
- 7.4.1.2. Plasma-assisted CO2 conversion
- 7.4.2. Electrochemical conversion of CO2
- 7.4.2.1. Process overview
- 7.4.3. Photocatalytic and photothermal catalytic conversion of CO2
- 7.4.4. Catalytic conversion of CO2
- 7.4.5. Biological conversion of CO2
- 7.4.6. Copolymerization of CO2
- 7.4.7. Mineral carbonation
- 7.5. CO2-derived products
- 7.5.1. Fuels
- 7.5.1.1. Overview
- 7.5.1.2. Production routes
- 7.5.1.3. CO2 -fuels in road vehicles
- 7.5.1.4. CO2 -fuels in shipping
- 7.5.1.5. CO2 -fuels in aviation
- 7.5.1.6. Power-to-methane
- 7.5.1.6.1. Biological fermentation
- 7.5.1.6.2. Costs
- 7.5.1.7. Algae based biofuels
- 7.5.1.8. CO2-fuels from solar
- 7.5.1.9. Companies
- 7.5.1.10. Challenges
- 7.5.2. Chemicals and polymers
- 7.5.2.1. Polycarbonate from CO2
- 7.5.2.2. Carbon nanostructures
- 7.5.2.3. Scalability
- 7.5.2.4. Applications
- 7.5.2.4.1. Urea production
- 7.5.2.4.2. CO2-derived polymers
- 7.5.2.4.3. Inert gas in semiconductor manufacturing
- 7.5.2.4.4. Carbon nanotubes
- 7.5.2.5. Companies
- 7.5.3. Construction materials
- 7.5.3.1. Overview
- 7.5.3.2. CCUS technologies
- 7.5.3.3. Carbonated aggregates
- 7.5.3.4. Additives during mixing
- 7.5.3.5. Concrete curing
- 7.5.3.6. Costs
- 7.5.3.7. Market trends and business models
- 7.5.3.8. Companies
- 7.5.3.9. Challenges
- 7.5.4. CO2 Utilization in Biological Yield-Boosting
- 7.5.4.1. Overview
- 7.5.4.2. Applications
- 7.5.4.2.1. Greenhouses
- 7.5.4.2.2. Algae cultivation
- 7.5.4.2.2.1. CO2-enhanced algae cultivation: open systems
- 7.5.4.2.2.2. CO2-enhanced algae cultivation: closed systems
- 7.5.4.2.3. Microbial conversion
- 7.5.4.2.4. Food and feed production
- 7.5.4.3. Companies
- 7.6. CO2 Utilization in Enhanced Oil Recovery
- 7.6.1. Overview
- 7.6.1.1. Process
- 7.6.1.2. CO2 sources
- 7.6.2. CO2-EOR facilities and projects
- 7.6.3. Challenges
- 7.7. Enhanced mineralization
- 7.7.1. Advantages
- 7.7.2. In situ and ex-situ mineralization
- 7.7.3. Enhanced mineralization pathways
- 7.7.4. Challenges
8. CARBON DIOXIDE STORAGE
- 8.1. Introduction
- 8.2. CO2 storage sites
- 8.2.1. Storage types for geologic CO2 storage
- 8.2.2. Oil and gas fields
- 8.2.3. Saline formations
- 8.2.4. Coal seams and shale
- 8.2.5. Basalts and ultra-mafic rocks
- 8.3. CO2 leakage
- 8.4. Global CO2 storage capacity
- 8.5. CO2 Storage Projects
- 8.6. CO2 -EOR
- 8.6.1. Description
- 8.6.2. Injected CO2
- 8.6.3. CO2 capture with CO2 -EOR facilities
- 8.6.4. Companies
- 8.6.5. Economics
- 8.7. Costs
- 8.8. Challenges
9. CARBON DIOXIDE TRANSPORTATION
- 9.1. Introduction
- 9.2. CO2 transportation methods and conditions
- 9.3. CO2 transportation by pipeline
- 9.4. CO2 transportation by ship
- 9.5. CO2 transportation by rail and truck
- 9.6. Cost analysis of different methods
- 9.7. Companies
10. COMPANY PROFILES(310 company profiles)
11. REFERENCES