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市场调查报告书
商品编码
1892081

2024-2030年汽车产业开源开放原始码软体架构的策略洞察

Strategic Insights into Automotive Open-Source Software Architecture, 2024-2030
出版日期: | 出版商: Frost & Sullivan | 英文 86 Pages | 商品交期: 最快1-2个工作天内

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简介目录

从程式码到汽车：开放协作如何加速软体定义汽车革命

汽车开放原始码软体(OSS) 架构正迈入一个新阶段，透过建构跨越车载和云端的协作式云端原生技术堆迭，重塑了软体定义车辆 (SDV) 的开发模式。 Frost & Sullivan 的这项研究探讨了汽车製造商、一级供应商、半导体厂商、开源基金会和工具链检验如何携手合作，在提升安全性和合规性的同时，降低成本、加快产品上市速度。随着模组化和可重用性变得日益重要，OSS 的应用范围正从传统的车载资讯系统 (IVI) 扩展到包括安全增强型 Linux、混合关键性中间件、标准化车辆资料、OTA/远端资讯处理管道以及云端边缘开发工具链。本研究探讨了关键趋势，包括集中式和分区式电子电气 (E/E) 迁移、基于 Android 的 IVI 的普及、安全增强型 Linux (ELISA) 的兴起、面向云端原生汽车的 Eclipse SDV 和 SOAFEE倡议、COVESA 车辆信号规范以及 ROS 在自动驾驶/高级驾驶辅助系统 (AD/ADAS) 的成熟。该报告基于行业专家和二手研究，提供了主要生态系统（AUTOSAR、AGL/AAOS、Eclipse SDV、SOAFEE、ROS、COVESA）的比较基准，绘製了OEM和供应商的活动图，概述了市场结构和成熟度，确定了近期增长机会，并为OEM、一级供应商和技术供应商提供了合作伙伴选择标准、实用/管治

分析范围

  • 本研究检验了开放原始码软体架构的全球市场，重点在于支援软体定义车辆 (SDV) 的平台、中介软体和工具。
  • 它涵盖车载作业系统、通讯中间件、开发框架以及支援的云端/边缘工具链。
  • 这包括产业联盟（例如 AUTOSAR、Eclipse SDV、SOAFEE、COVESA）和开放原始码作业系统（OS）发行版（AGL、Android Automotive、基于 Linux 的），以及机器人/ADAS 框架（ROS/Autoware、Apex.OS）。
  • Frost & Sullivan 将单元定义为一个独立的开放原始码平台或主要框架（包括规范和参考实作）。
  • 本分析检验了这些开放原始码软体(OSS) 解决方案如何影响更广泛的汽车电子电气架构、OEM 策略和供应商蓝图。

主要平台和联盟

  • AUTOSAR 经典版和自适应版
  • Automotive Grade Linux（AGL）
  • Android Automotive OS
  • Eclipse SDV工作小组
  • SOAFEE SIG
  • COVESA（车辆号誌规范）
  • ROS 2/Autoware 和 Apex.OS

分析单位

作业系统平台、框架与联盟

范围：

这包括车上用软体平台、仪錶丛集、连接/远端资讯处理、高级驾驶辅助/自动驾驶和底层操作系统/中间件，以及行业合作倡议（联盟、开放基金会、参考平台）。

除外情况：

提及硬体创新（感测器、ECU）仅是为了阐明软体需求。提及专有软体解决方案（例如，传统的封闭式即时作业系统，如QNX）是为了进行比较，但由于我们专注于开放原始码模式，因此不会对其进行深入分析。

三大策略要务对汽车开放原始码架构产业的影响

颠覆性技术

  • 原因：
    • AI 推理能力的成本效益每 18 个月翻一番，而内部 ECU 程式开发週期仍停滞在 4-5 年，差距越来越大。
    • TensorFlow Lite、ROS 2 和 Eclipse SDV 已记录到 2024 年来自 50 多家汽车製造商（包括宝马、博世和丰田）的 12,000 项承诺。
    • 客户每季都会评估车载资讯娱乐系统的更新情况，这要求车辆采用完全软体定义的系统，而不是渐进式的韧体更新。
  • 弗罗斯特的观点：
    • 应建置从云端到车载的 CI/CD 管线，以便在 14 天内交付检验的AI 模型。
    • 新功能将基于容器相容的中间件（ROS 2 Foxy+），允许在不重写作业系统的情况下热插拔感知、规划和 UI 模组。
    • 儘早为 Eclipse SDV工作小组分配两名 PE，以避免分支管理并确保有影响力的机会。

产业融合

  • 原因：
    • 大型科技公司（NVIDIA Drive、Qualcomm ADAS）的参考堆迭模糊了第一层级和第二层级的角色，需要共用平台。
    • 在最近的 OEM 试点计画中，COVESA 的车辆数据规范将云端/车辆整合时间从 12 週缩短至 4 週。
    • AUTOSAR Adaptive 和 Android Automotive 目前为超过 50 个量产项目提供支持，并已成为事实上的标准介面。
  • 弗罗斯特的观点：
    • 在 2026 年 3 月之前申请成为 Eclipse SDV 指导委员会成员，即可取得 Velocitas API 的投票权。
    • 重复使用社群服务层（日誌记录、诊断、时间同步），并将节省的人力重新用于品牌定义型人机介面开发。
    • 打破封闭式源思维，每季与合作伙伴举行互通性测试，并在内部公布互通性评分。

内部挑战

  • 原因：
    • 目前程式码库中有 60% 是平台特定的，每增加一个新的中央控制设备，维修成本就会增加。
    • 根据 LinkedIn 的数据，汽车产业的 DevOps 职位与合格的求职者之间存在 3:1 的差距。
    • 分散的遗留分支导致问题平均不到 18 个月无法解决，增加了网路风险。
  • 弗罗斯特的观点：
    • 启动内部专案并建立开放原始码专案办公室（OSPO），以推动文化变革和法律合规。
    • 你需要大力投资提昇员工技能，否则你的软体品质和上市时间将会落后于竞争对手。
    • 建立一个软体工厂小组，负责每季向上游推送一定数量的修补程式（DevOps、安全、开源软体法律）。

司机

  • 网路安全和软体更新法规（联合国欧洲经济委员会 R155/R156、ISO 24089）迫使原始设备製造商 (OEM) 维护检验且可快速修补的程式码库，使得透明且经过社区强化的作业系统平台成为实现合规性的阻力最小的途径。
  • 随着软体定义和电动车转型带来的软体复杂性和成本不断增加，原始设备製造商 (OEM) 和一级供应商正透过作业系统基础设施共用非差异化研发成果，这消除了按单元收取许可费，并可缩短数月的专案时间。
  • 生产级、安全认证的开放式堆迭（AUTOSAR Adaptive、SOAFE、AGL、Apex.OS）正在迅速成熟，降低了资讯娱乐系统以外的 ADAS、车身和动力传动系统领域的部署风险。
  • 汽车製造商的经常性收入来源（功能订阅、数据市场、车载应用商店）依赖灵活、持续更新的开放式架构，从而降低合作伙伴的整合门槛。
  • 全球汽车软体人才短缺，促使人们采用 Linux、Android、ROS 和 Yocto 等熟悉的开放技术来吸引开发人员，并加快雇主的创新步伐。
  • 跨产业联盟（Eclipse SDV、COVESA、ARM SOAFEE）连接了原始设备製造商、云端供应商和晶片供应商，创造了贡献和商业性支援的良性循环，降低了后期采用者的准入门槛。

生长抑制

  • 功能安全认证（ISO 26262、ASIL 等级）和未解决的责任问题要求 OEM 证明确定性行为，并为每个社区组件创建广泛的文檔，这减缓了在安全关键领域使用开源代码的速度。
  • 由于担心智慧财产权洩漏和品牌差异化技术诀窍的丧失，原始设备製造商和一级供应商不愿对上游工程做出深入贡献，限制了作业系统发展所需的合作范围。
  • 车辆 15 年以上的使用寿命要求对所有库进行强有力的长期维护，而安全补丁的所有权不明确以及自由代码不断上涨的总拥有成本，使得经营团队对全面采用自由代码存在抵触情绪。
  • 日益严格的网路安全法规（SBOM 揭露、OTA 修补程式时间表）迫使 OEM 厂商监控和修復复杂供应链中的作业系统漏洞，进一步加剧了本已稀缺的安全人才短缺问题。
  • 从封闭式的瀑布式开发转向开放式协作需要新的流程、创建作业系统专案办公室以及文化变革——许多传统工程团队发现这种内部转变难以执行。

目录

调查范围

  • 分析范围
  • 定义
  • 词彙表
  • 结构和内容概述

策略要务

  • 为什么成长变得越来越困难
  • The Strategic Imperative 8
  • 三大策略要务对汽车开放原始码架构产业的影响

介绍

  • SDV是什么？
  • OTA和SDV有什么差别？
  • SDV 的组成：聚焦软体
  • 中介软体：加速开放原始码定义视觉（SDV）黏合剂因素
  • OEM厂商面临的挑战以及开放原始码采用的背景
  • OEM软体计划
  • 汽车作业系统对各种开发方法的要求
  • SWOT分析：开放原始码软体架构
  • 开源软体架构的优势

成长机会分析

  • 成长指标
  • 成长要素
  • 成长限制因素

竞争格局

  • 竞争格局：汽车软体主要企业与开放原始码平台
  • 汽车软体管治与开放性的比较
  • 主要开放原始码联盟之间的差异
  • AUTOSAR
  • Automotive Grade Linux AGL
  • Android Automotive OS（AAOS）
  • Eclipse 基金会：SDV工作小组
  • 签署 Eclipse SDV 的重要谅解备忘录 (MoU) 标誌着汽车製造商在开放原始码软体(OSS) 方面日益趋于一致
  • SOAFEE
  • ROS 2
  • COVESA
  • 汽车开放原始码联盟：2025 年能力雷达
  • 每个会员等级究竟能提供什么价值？

OEM和供应商活动

  • 专注于开源软体的主要原始设备製造商
  • 快速推进OEM厂商
  • 一级供应商和技术供应商

汽车开放原始码软体的高附加价值应用领域

  • 汽车软体堆迭的开放原始码重点领域
  • 车载操作系统
  • 中介软体和资料抽象
  • 虚拟化和容器
  • ADAS和自动驾驶平台
  • 云端/边缘 DevOps 和丛集编配
  • 驾驶座和人机介面应用框架
  • 连结和OTA服务
  • 模拟、安全和网路安全

成长机会领域

  • 成长机会 1：开放原始码资讯娱乐与车上体验
  • 增长机会2：合作式高级驾驶辅助系统与自动驾驶
  • 成长机会3：开放原始码连线与资料生态系统
  • 成长机会 4：整合开放原始码车辆作业系统和中介软体

附录与未来工作

  • 成长机会带来的益处和影响
  • 未来计划
  • 图表清单
  • 免责声明
简介目录
Product Code: MHEA-46

From Code to Car: How Open Collaboration Accelerates the Software-Defined Vehicle Revolution

Open-source software (OSS) architectures for vehicles are entering a new phase, reshaping SDV development by enabling collaborative, cloud-native stacks across the in-vehicle and cloud domains. This Frost & Sullivan study examines how automakers, Tier Is, silicon vendors, open foundations, and toolchain providers are converging to reduce cost and time-to-market while strengthening safety and compliance. With rising emphasis on modularity and reuse, OSS is expanding beyond traditional IVI to encompass safety-applicable Linux, mixed-criticality middleware, standardized vehicle data, OTA/telematics pipelines, and cloud-edge development toolchains. The study explores key trends, including centralized/zonal E/E migration, Android-based IVI adoption, the emergence of safety-ready Linux (ELISA), the Eclipse SDV and SOAFEE initiatives for cloud-native automotive, COVESA's Vehicle Signal Specification, and the maturation of ROS for AD/ADAS. Drawing on industry experts and secondary research, it delivers a comparative benchmarking of leading ecosystems (AUTOSAR, AGL/AAOS, Eclipse SDV, SOAFEE, ROS, COVESA), maps OEM and supplier activity, and outlines market structure and maturity. It identifies near-term growth opportunities and provides partner-selection criteria, licensing/governance checklists, and actionable recommendations for OEMs, Tier Is, and technology providers.

Scope of Analysis

  • This study examines the global market for open-source software architectures, focusing on platforms, middleware, and tools that enable software-defined vehicles (SDVs).
  • It covers in-vehicle operating systems, communication middleware, development frameworks, and supporting cloud/edge toolchains.
  • Included are both industry consortia (e.g., AUTOSAR, Eclipse SDV, SOAFEE, COVESA) and open-source OS (Operating System) distributions (AGL, Android Automotive, Linux-based), as well as robotics/ADAS frameworks (ROS/Autoware, Apex.OS).
  • Frost & Sullivan defines a unit as a distinct Open-Source platform or major framework (including both specs and reference implementations).
  • The analysis includes how these open-source software (OSS) solutions influence broader automotive E/E architectures, OEM strategies, and supplier roadmaps.

Key Platforms and Consortia Covered

  • AUTOSAR Classic & Adaptive
  • Automotive Grade Linux (AGL)
  • Android Automotive OS
  • Eclipse SDV Working Group
  • SOAFEE SIG
  • COVESA (Vehicle Signal Specification)
  • ROS 2/Autoware & Apex.OS

Units Of Analysis

OS platforms, frameworks, and consortia

Inclusions:

In-vehicle software platforms for infotainment, instrument clusters, connectivity/telematics, advanced driver assistance/autonomy, and underlying OS/middleware are included. Collaborative industry initiatives (consortia, open foundations, and reference platforms) are covered.

Exclusions:

Hardware innovations (sensors, ECUs) are discussed only to contextualize software needs. Proprietary software solutions (e.g., closed real-time operating systems such as classic QNX) are mentioned for comparison but not analyzed in depth, as the focus is on open-source paradigms.

The Impact of the Top 3 Strategic Imperatives on the Automotive Open-Source Architecture Industry

Disruptive Technologies

  • Why:
    • AI inference power per $ has doubled every 18 months; in-house ECU programs still run 4-5 year cycles, creating a widening gap.
    • TensorFlow Lite, ROS 2, and Eclipse SDV logged 12,000 commitments from 50+ automotive contributors in 2024 (BMW, Bosch, Toyota).
    • Customers rate infotainment freshness every quarter, which demands a fully software-defined vehicle and not incremental firmware flashes.
  • Frost Perspective:
    • Stand up a cloud-to-car CI/CD pipeline so validated AI models ship in < 14 days.
    • Base new functions on container-ready middleware (ROS 2 Foxy +) to hot-swap perception, planning, or UI modules without rewriting the OS.
    • Assign 2 PEs to Eclipse SDV working groups-upstream early to dodge fork maintenance and gain influence credits.

Industry Convergence

  • Why:
    • Big-Tech reference stacks (NVIDIA Drive, Qualcomm ADAS) blur Tier I and II roles, forcing shared platforms.
    • COVESA's Vehicle-Data spec cut cloud/vehicle integration from 12 weeks to 4 weeks in recent OEM pilots.
    • AUTOSAR Adaptive and Android Automotive now power 50+ production programs-effectively de-facto interfaces.
  • Frost Perspective:
    • Apply for Eclipse SDV Steering membership before the 2026/03 window to gain ballot rights on Velocitas APIs.
    • Re-use community service layers (logging, diagnostics, time-sync) and redirect saved head-count to brand-ending HMI work.
    • Host quarterly plug fests with partners; publish interoperability scores internally to dismantle the closed-source mindset.

Internal Challenges

  • Why:
    • 60% of today's code base is platform-specific; every new central controller multiplies sustainment cost.
    • LinkedIn shows a 3:1 gap between posted automotive DevOps jobs and qualified applicants.
    • Fragmented legacy branches leave issues unpatched for <18 months on average, heightening cyber-risk.
  • Frost Perspective:
    • Launch an inner-source program and stand-up an Open-Source Program Office (OSPO) to drive cultural change and legal compliance.
    • Aggressively invest in upskilling; if not, software quality and time-to-market will lag competitors.
    • Stand-up a software-factory pod tasked to upstream the desired number of patches per quarter (DevOps, security, OSS legal).

Growth Drivers

  • Cybersecurity and software update regulations (UN ECE R155/R156, ISO 24089) are forcing OEMs to maintain verifiable, quickly patchable code bases, making transparent, community-hardened OS platforms the compliance path of least resistance.
  • Escalating software complexities and costs during the shift to software-defined and electrified vehicles are compelling OEMs and Tier 1s to pool non-differentiating R&D through OS foundations, eliminating per-unit license fees and shaving months off programs.
  • Production-grade, safety-certified open stacks (AUTOSAR Adaptive, SOAFE, AGL, Apex.OS) are maturing rapidly, de-risking adoption beyond infotainment into the ADAS, body, and powertrain domains.
  • OEM ambitions for recurring revenue-feature subscriptions, data marketplaces, and in-car app stores-depend on flexible, continuously updatable open architectures that lower partner integration barriers.
  • A global shortage of automotive software talent makes familiar open technologies (Linux, Android, ROS, Yocto) a magnet for developers, accelerating innovation velocity for adopters.
  • Cross-industry alliances (Eclipse SDV, COVESA, ARM SOAFEE) linking OEMs, cloud providers, and silicon vendors are creating a virtuous cycle of contribution and commercial support, lowering entry barriers for late adopters.

Growth Restraints

  • Functional-safety certification (ISO 26262, ASIL levels) and unresolved liability questions oblige OEMs to prove deterministic behavior and produce extensive documentation for every community component, slowing the use of open code in safety-critical domains.
  • Fears of intellectual-property leakage and loss of brand-differentiating know-how make OEMs and Tier Is hesitant to contribute deeply upstream, limiting the collaborative breadth that OS requires to flourish.
  • The 15-year+ product lifetime of vehicles demands rock-solid long-term maintenance for every library; unclear ownership of security patches and rising TCO for free code create executive push-back on full-scale adoption.
  • Tightening cybersecurity regulations (SBOM disclosure, OTA patch timelines) force OEMs to monitor and remediate OS vulnerabilities across complex supply chains, stretching already scarce security talent.
  • Shifting from closed, waterfall development to open collaboration requires new processes, OS Program Offices, and cultural change-an internal transition that many legacy engineering teams are struggling to execute.

Table of Contents

Research Scope

  • Scope of Analysis
  • Definitions
  • Nomenclature
  • Overview of the Structure and Content

Strategic Imperatives

  • Why Is It Increasingly Difficult to Grow?
  • The Strategic Imperative 8
  • The Impact of the Top 3 Strategic Imperatives on the Automotive Open-Source Architecture Industry

Introduction

  • What is an SDV?
  • OTA Versus SDV: What is the Difference?
  • Building Blocks of the SDV: Focus on Software
  • Middleware: The Glue Accelerating Open-Source SDV Adoption
  • OEM Pain Points and Rationale for OSS
  • OEMs' Approach to Software
  • Automotive OS Requirements Across Development Approaches
  • SWOT: OSS Architecture
  • Benefits of OSS Architecture

Growth Opportunity Analysis

  • Growth Metrics
  • Growth Drivers
  • Growth Restraints

Competitive Landscape

  • Competitive Landscape: Key Participants and Open-Source Platforms in Automotive
  • Automotive Software Governance and Openness Comparison
  • How the Main Open-Source Consortia Differ
  • AUTOSAR
  • Automotive Grade Linux AGL
  • Android Automotive OS AAOS
  • Eclipse Foundation: SDV Working Group
  • Landmark Eclipse SDV MoU Signals Growing OEM Alignment on OSS
  • SOAFEE
  • ROS 2
  • COVESA
  • Automotive Open-Source Consortia: 2025 Capability Radar
  • What Each Membership Tier Really Buys You

OEM and Supplier Activity

  • Leading OSS-Centric OEMs
  • Fast Follower OEMs
  • Tier I and Technology Suppliers

High-Value Application Domains for Automotive OSS

  • Open-Source Hotspots across the Automotive Software Stack
  • In-Vehicle Operating Systems
  • Middleware and Data Abstraction
  • Virtualization and Containers
  • ADAS and Autonomous-Drive Platforms
  • Cloud/Edge DevOps and Fleet Orchestration
  • Cockpit and HMI Application Frameworks
  • Connectivity and OTA Services
  • Simulation, Safety, and Cyber

Growth Opportunity Universe

  • Growth Opportunity 1: Open-Source Infotainment and In-Vehicle Experience
  • Growth Opportunity 2: Collaborative ADAS and Autonomy
  • Growth Opportunity 3: Open-Source Connectivity and Data Ecosystems
  • Growth Opportunity 4: Unified Open-Source Vehicle OS and Middleware

Appendix & Next Steps

  • Benefits and Impacts of Growth Opportunities
  • Next Steps
  • List of Exhibits
  • Legal Disclaimer