锂离子电池回收市场（按电池来源、电池化学、回收製程、可回收组件和最终用途划分）－全球预测，2025-2032

预计到 2032 年，锂离子电池回收市场将成长至 452.1 亿美元，复合年增长率为 19.26%。

策略入门显示锂离子电池回收是供应链弹性、永续性和产业竞争力的关键能力

锂离子电池回收已从一个小众环境问题发展成为製造商、政策制定者和基础设施营运商的战略支柱。随着电动车、可携式电子设备和电网级储能规模的扩大，锂离子电池的报废管理已成为一项紧迫的营运和监管挑战。本报告首先将回收定位为建构富有弹性和竞争力的电池供应链的重要组成部分，并解释了为何闭合迴路思维对于原材料安全、排放和成本控制至关重要。

引言部分强调了收集物流、材料回收技术和监管奖励的进步如何使回收不仅成为环境责任，更成为一项策略价值来源。引言部分强调了技术成熟度与制度奖励之间的相互作用，并解释了价值链上的相关人员（原始设备製造商、回收商、材料精炼商和下游製造商）如何调整其商业模式以获取回收材料的价值。引言也将回收置于更广泛的循环经济目标和企业责任框架中，展示有效的回收计画如何增强企业对大宗商品价格波动和地缘政治供应中断的抵御能力。

最后，引言概述了以下章节探讨的关键主题：回收过程中的技术差异化、细分主导的需求动态、区域政策驱动因素以及针对商业和公共部门相关人员的战术性建议，使读者能够将回收不仅仅视为一个合规问题，而是一种具有可衡量的运营、环境和声誉回报的战略能力。

深入探讨加速锂离子电池回收系统转型的技术、法规与商业性曲折点

该产业正在经历变革时期，这场变革正在重塑相关人员处理报废电池管理的方式，而这种转变正受到技术、政策和商业策略的推动。技术创新正在拓展回收途径：湿式冶金製程正在提高关键金属的选择性回收率，同时降低能源强度；机械製程则使异质电池组的预处理更加自动化和安全。同时，旨在保留正极材料结构的新型直接回收技术正日益受到关注，成为提高价值回收率和降低下游精炼要求的手段。

不断变化的政策法规也是一个重要的曲折点。各国政府越来越多地设定更高的回收目标、生产者责任义务和材料可追溯性要求，以形成关键矿物的闭环。这些政策发展正在推动对本地回收基础设施的投资，增强国内加工能力，并重组原始设备製造商和回收商之间的商业合约。同时，商业模式正在从一次性材料回收转向包括回收设计、电池模组再製造和合约回收保障在内的一体化生命週期伙伴关係。

市场动态也在改变竞争动态。汽车製造商和电池製造商对回收能力的垂直整合，模糊了回收商和材料供应商之间的界限，而专业技术公司则透过专有的回收化学和製程效率实现差异化。同时，投资者对循环技术的兴趣正在加速向大型设施和早期创新项目注入资金。总而言之，这些力量标誌着回收从探索性试点转向策略性资本化，成为一项核心产业活动，这将对资产配置、人才策略和跨部门合作产生影响。

近期关税和贸易政策调整如何改变电池回收生态系统中的跨境材料流动、资本配置和商业策略

2025年前后实施的关税和贸易政策调整的累积效应为国际电池材料流动和整体循环经济注入了新的动态。针对电池组件和关键原材料的关税增加了在岸加工的奖励，并促使产业参与者重新评估跨境供应协议。因此，主要企业正在权衡海外加工的成本效益与国内回收能力的策略优势，前者可以缩短前置作业时间，减少贸易摩擦的影响。

这些政策转变也推动了整个回收价值链的营运变革。物流策略正在重新设计，优先考虑受关税波动影响较小的区域材料收集中心，商业合约也在不断更新，以确保在不断变化的关税制度下获得长期材料供应。因此，回收设施的资金筹措模式通常包含政策风险评估和基于情境的回报，以反映潜在的关税上调或下调。这些重新调整正在影响投资时间表和新加工设施的地理位置。

此外，关税环境也影响伙伴关係与併购活动。相关人员正在寻求与本地企业建立更紧密的合作，建立合资企业以将跨境风险内部化，并建立策略联盟以获得合规的供应来源。这些转变正在改变回收材料和最终前驱产品的国际贸易格局，激励企业采取结构性应对措施，将监管合规性与商业性韧性和长期资源策略相结合。

细分主导的分析将电池来源、化学性质、回收过程、可回收组件和最终用途要求联繫起来，为战略性回收决策提供信息

理解市场需要具备细分意识，能够反映定义回收需求的各种来源、化学成分、製程、组件和最终用途。根据电池来源，细分市场包括消费性电子电池，例如笔记型电脑和智慧型手机电池，这些电池具有小组装流程，回收复杂度高；工业电池，包括能源储存系统和重型设备，具有更大、更均质的电池组，适合批量处理；以及手动变速箱车辆电池，这些电池在回收规划中引入了传统化学和基础设施方面的考虑。区分这些来源非常重要，因为回收物流、报废健康和预处理要求差异很大，会影响技术选择和商业合约设计。

目录

第一章：前言

第二章调查方法

第三章执行摘要

第四章 市场概况

第五章 市场洞察

• 扩大汽车製造商和电池回收商之间的封闭回路型回收伙伴关係，以确保原材料的永续
• 直接回收技术的进步使得阴极材料只需经过最少的化学处理即可回收
• 使用机器人和人工智慧视觉的模组化电池拆卸系统的成长，以提高分类效率
• 电池到电网二次利用项目的出现，将再利用的电池整合到可再生能源储存网路中
• 在主要电动车市场制定标准化的电池收集和标籤规例，以简化回收流程
• 国内供应链安全措施和电动车强制规定推动本地回收设施投资激增
• 采用新型超临界流体萃取方法减少锂离子电池回收中的化学废弃物

第六章：2025年美国关税的累积影响

第七章：人工智慧的累积影响，2025年

第 8 章：锂离子电池回收市场电池来源

• 家电电池
  • 笔记型电脑电池
  • 智慧型手机电池
• 工业电池
  • 能源储存系统
  • 重型机械
• 手动车辆电池

9. 锂离子电池回收市场 电池化学

• 钴酸锂
• 磷酸锂铁
• 锰酸锂
• 锂镍钴铝氧化物
• 锂镍锰钴

第 10 章锂离子电池回收市场（依回收流程）

• 湿式冶金工艺
• 机械加工
• 火法冶金工艺

第 11 章锂离子电池回收市场中的可回收组件

• 负极材料
• 正极材料
• 电解质

第 12 章：锂离子电池回收市场（依最终用途）

• 车
• 电子和电气
• 产业

第十三章锂离子电池回收市场（按地区）

• 美洲
  • 北美洲
  • 拉丁美洲
• 欧洲、中东和非洲
  • 欧洲
  • 中东
  • 非洲
• 亚太地区

第十四章锂离子电池回收市场（依类别）

• ASEAN
• GCC
• EU
• BRICS
• G7
• NATO

第十五章 各国锂离子电池回收市场

• 美国
• 加拿大
• 墨西哥
• 巴西
• 英国
• 德国
• 法国
• 俄罗斯
• 义大利
• 西班牙
• 中国
• 印度
• 日本
• 澳洲
• 韩国

第十六章竞争格局

• 2024年市占率分析
• 2024年FPNV定位矩阵
• 竞争分析
  • ACCUREC-Recycling GmbH
  • Akkuser Oy
  • American Battery Technology Company by Komatsu Ltd.
  • Aqua Metals, Inc.
  • Attero Recycling Pvt. Ltd.
  • Batrec Industrie AG
  • Battery Recyclers of America
  • Call2Recycle, Inc.
  • Cirba Solutions US, Inc
  • Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited
  • Duesenfeld GmbH
  • Ecobat, LLC
  • Envirostream Australia Pty Ltd. by Lithium Australia NL
  • Fortum Corporation
  • Ganfeng Lithium Group Co., Ltd.
  • GEM Co., Ltd.
  • Li-Cycle Corp.
  • Lithion Technologies
  • Neometals Ltd.
  • OnTo Technology LLC
  • RecycLiCo Battery Materials Inc.
  • SMCI Group
  • Snam SpA
  • Stena Metall Group
  • SUEZ Group
  • Sumitomo Corporation
  • Suny Group
  • take-e-way GmbH
  • Tata Group
  • Umicore NV

The Lithium-ion Battery Recycling Market is projected to grow by USD 45.21 billion at a CAGR of 19.26% by 2032.

A strategic primer that frames lithium-ion battery recycling as an essential capability for supply chain resilience, sustainability, and industrial competitiveness

The lithium-ion battery recycling landscape has evolved from a niche environmental initiative into a strategic pillar for manufacturers, policymakers, and infrastructure operators. As electric mobility, portable electronics, and grid-scale energy storage have scaled, the end-of-life management of lithium-ion cells has become a pressing operational and regulatory challenge. This report opens by framing recycling as an integral part of a resilient and competitive battery supply chain, clarifying why closed-loop thinking matters for raw material security, emissions reduction, and cost containment.

Throughout the introduction, the narrative emphasizes how advances in collection logistics, material recovery technologies, and regulatory incentives are converging to make recycling not only an environmental imperative but also a source of strategic value. The introduction highlights the interplay between technological maturity and institutional incentives, explaining how actors across the value chain-OEMs, recyclers, material refiners, and downstream manufacturers-must align commercial models to capture recovered material value. It also situates recycling within broader circular economy goals and corporate responsibility frameworks, demonstrating how effective recycling programs strengthen resilience against commodity price volatility and geopolitical supply disruptions.

Finally, the introduction outlines the key themes explored in the subsequent sections: technological differentiation in recycling processes, segmentation-driven demand dynamics, regional policy drivers, and tactical recommendations for commercial and public-sector stakeholders. By doing so, it primes the reader to evaluate recycling not as an isolated compliance task but as a strategic capability with measurable operational, environmental, and reputational returns

An in-depth view of the technological, regulatory, and commercial inflection points that are accelerating the transformation of lithium-ion battery recycling systems

The industry is undergoing transformative shifts that are reshaping how stakeholders approach end-of-life battery management, and these shifts are driven by technology, policy, and commercial strategy. Technological innovation is broadening the palette of recovery pathways: hydrometallurgical processes are reducing energy intensity while improving selective recovery of critical metals; mechanical processes are becoming more automated and safer for pre-processing heterogeneous packs; and pyrometallurgical routes continue to be used where robustness and throughput are paramount. In parallel, emerging direct recycling techniques that aim to preserve cathode material structure are attracting attention as a means to improve value recovery and reduce downstream refining requirements.

Policy and regulatory evolution is another major inflection point. Governments are increasingly setting higher collection targets, producer responsibility obligations, and material traceability requirements to close the loop on critical minerals. These policy moves are incentivizing investments in local recycling infrastructure, enhancing domestic processing capabilities, and reshaping commercial agreements between OEMs and recyclers. At the same time, commercial models are shifting from one-off material salvage to integrated lifecycle partnerships that include design-for-recycling, remanufacturing of battery modules, and contractual recovery guarantees.

Market-making forces are also altering competitive dynamics. Vertical integration by vehicle manufacturers and battery producers into recycling capabilities is blurring the line between recycler and material supplier, while specialized technology firms are differentiating through proprietary recovery chemistries and process efficiencies. Meanwhile, investor interest in circular technologies is accelerating capital deployment into both scale-oriented facilities and early-stage innovation. Taken together, these forces signal a transition from exploratory pilots to strategic capitalization of recycling as a core industrial activity, with implications for asset allocation, talent strategy, and cross-sector collaboration

How recent tariff measures and trade policy adjustments have reshaped cross-border material flows, capital allocation, and operational strategies in the battery recycling ecosystem

The cumulative impact of tariff actions and trade policy adjustments implemented in and around 2025 has introduced new dynamics across international battery material flows and recycling economics. Tariff measures targeting battery components and critical raw materials have amplified incentives for onshore processing and encouraged industry participants to re-evaluate cross-border supply agreements. As a result, companies are increasingly weighing the trade-offs between cost advantages of offshore processing and the strategic benefits of domestic recycling capabilities that offer shorter lead times and reduced exposure to trade frictions.

These policy shifts have also prompted operational changes across the recycling value chain. Logistics strategies are being redesigned to prioritize regional feedstock aggregation hubs that reduce exposure to tariff volatility, and commercial contracts are being updated to secure long-term feedstock availability under changing tariff regimes. In turn, financing models for recycling facilities now more frequently incorporate policy risk assessments and scenario-based returns that reflect potential tariff escalations or relaxations. This recalibration is shaping investment timelines and the geographic placement of new processing assets.

Moreover, the tariff environment is influencing partnerships and M&A activity. Stakeholders are exploring closer cooperation with local players, joint ventures that internalize cross-border risks, and strategic alliances that provide access to compliant supply streams. These shifts are altering the calculus of international trade for recovered materials and finished precursor products, motivating a structural response that blends regulatory compliance with commercial resilience and long-term resource strategy

A segmentation-driven analysis that connects battery source, chemistry, recycling processes, recoverable components, and end-use requirements to inform strategic recycling decisions

Understanding the market requires a segmentation-aware lens that reflects the diverse sources, chemistries, processes, components, and end-uses that define recycling demand. Based on battery source, the landscape encompasses Consumer Electronics Batteries-where laptop batteries and smartphone batteries present small-form-factor streams with high collection complexity-Industrial Batteries that include energy storage systems and heavy machinery with larger, more homogeneous packs suitable for bulk processing, and Manual Vehicle Batteries that introduce legacy chemistries and infrastructure considerations into recovery planning. These source distinctions matter because collection logistics, state-of-health at end of life, and pre-processing requirements vary significantly across them, influencing technology choice and commercial contract design.

Based on battery chemistry, the market is segmented across lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, and lithium nickel manganese cobalt. Each chemistry has distinct value drivers and recovery challenges: some chemistries prioritize high nickel or cobalt content that commands focused recovery pathways, while others emphasize iron-based compositions that demand different hydrometallurgical approaches. Process selection is therefore tightly coupled to chemistry composition and expected material value.

Based on recycling process, the principal pathways are hydrometallurgical, mechanical, and pyrometallurgical processes. Hydrometallurgy is increasingly used for selective recovery and lower-temperature operations, mechanical pre-processing enables safer and more precise disassembly of complex packs, and pyrometallurgy provides throughput and robustness for mixed feedstocks. Based on recyclable components, recovery efforts target anode materials, cathode materials, and electrolytes, each of which requires tailored handling and refining approaches to preserve contained value. Finally, based on end-use, recycled materials feed back into automotive, electronics & electrical, and industrial markets, with each end-use imposing different purity, certification, and form-factor requirements that influence the economics of material recovery and qualification

A regional synthesis of policy, industrial capability, and infrastructure trends across the Americas, Europe Middle East & Africa, and Asia-Pacific that influence recycling strategy

Regional dynamics shape both the pace and the modality of recycling adoption, with policy frameworks, industrial ecosystems, and demand centers diverging across geographies. In the Americas, the policy conversation emphasizes domestic capacity building, incentives for reshoring critical material processing, and collaboration between vehicle manufacturers and recyclers to internalize circularity. This region shows strong interest in integrating recycling into industrial strategy as a hedge against global supply disruptions and as a mechanism to meet corporate sustainability commitments.

In Europe, Middle East & Africa, regulatory frameworks are tightening around producer responsibility, traceability, and emissions associated with recycling processes. Europe in particular is pursuing harmonized standards and certification regimes that influence cross-border movement of end-of-life batteries and recovered materials, encouraging investment in compliant regional processing facilities. Meanwhile, parts of the Middle East and Africa are focusing on developing feedstock aggregation and export strategies while evaluating local processing options as downstream demand evolves.

In the Asia-Pacific region, high concentrations of battery manufacturing and raw material refining create an integrated ecosystem with both advantages and vulnerabilities. While established manufacturing hubs offer economies of scale for processing and refining, concentrated supply chains can be exposed to geopolitical and trade-policy shifts. Across all regions, the interplay between public policy, private investment, and infrastructure development determines where recycling capacity is sited, how feedstock is aggregated, and the extent to which recovered materials can be qualified for reuse in high-value applications

An assessment of company-level strategies showing how vertical integration, specialized technology leadership, and downstream partnerships are redefining competitive advantage in recycling

Key company dynamics within the recycling sector are defined by a mix of vertically integrated industrial players, technology-focused innovators, and large downstream consumers seeking secure material streams. Vertically integrated firms are pursuing end-to-end models that link collection, material recovery, and feedstock supply to cell and component manufacturers, enabling tighter control over quality and traceability. Technology-focused firms differentiate through proprietary recovery chemistries, advanced sorting and automation capabilities, and process innovations that enhance yields or reduce environmental footprint. Their competitive advantage often rests on the ability to scale pilot processes into reliable, regulated industrial operations.

At the same time, OEMs and large industrial end-users are forming strategic partnerships with recyclers to lock in circular supply chains and to co-develop qualification pathways for recovered materials. Financial sponsors and industrial investors are increasingly involved, bringing capital for facility build-outs and commercial deployments while also emphasizing governance, compliance, and performance metrics. Collectively, these company-level strategies reflect a maturing market where quality, traceability, and scalable operations are key differentiators. Firms that can demonstrate robust safety protocols, cost-effective logistics, and verifiable material provenance are positioned to capture long-term contracts and to support industrial users seeking to meet sustainability and security objectives

Actionable strategic moves for executives to build flexible processing capacity, formalize cross-sector partnerships, and embed policy scenario planning into investment decisions

Industry leaders must act decisively to translate policy signals and technological opportunity into durable competitive positions. First, companies should prioritize investments in modular processing capacity that allow for flexible handling of diverse feedstocks and enable iterative scaling as regulatory and commercial conditions evolve. Parallel to capacity investments, organizations should invest in design-for-recycling practices and supplier engagement to improve material recoverability and to reduce downstream sorting burdens. This combination of upstream design changes and downstream processing flexibility reduces overall cost-to-recycle and improves recovered material quality.

Second, firms should pursue multi-stakeholder partnerships that align OEMs, recyclers, refiners, and regulators around certification, traceability, and quality standards. Collaborative initiatives that standardize material passports and qualification protocols accelerate reuse pathways and lower market friction for recovered cathode and anode materials. Third, companies should integrate trade and policy scenario planning into capital allocation and supply-chain design to mitigate tariff exposures and to identify regional hubs that balance cost efficiency with regulatory compliance. Lastly, leadership teams must embed rigorous safety and environmental performance metrics into operational KPIs, demonstrating compliance while unlocking reputational and commercial benefits. These actions collectively position industry players to capture strategic value from recycling as the circular transition deepens

A transparent, multi-method research design combining interviews, technical validation, policy analysis, and supply-chain mapping to ensure robust and actionable insights

The research methodology underpinning this analysis uses a multi-disciplinary approach combining technology assessment, policy review, stakeholder interviews, and supply-chain mapping. Primary qualitative inputs were gathered through interviews with battery lifecycle operators, material refiners, technology providers, and procurement leaders across manufacturing and utilities sectors to surface operational constraints, technology adoption barriers, and partnership models. These insights were triangulated with public regulatory documents, technical whitepapers, and verified company disclosures to ensure accuracy and to capture emerging policy and commercial trends.

Technical evaluation of recycling pathways drew on process-level literature, pilot program reports, and independent lab validations to compare energy intensity, recovery specificity, and scalability of hydrometallurgical, mechanical, and pyrometallurgical approaches. Regional assessments combined policy scanning with industrial asset mapping to identify where collection networks, logistics hubs, and processing capacity align. The methodology emphasizes cross-validation: assertions were tested against multiple sources and grounded in documented operational practices, while scenario analysis explored the implications of policy shifts, tariff changes, and technology maturation. This layered approach ensures a balanced view that integrates empirical observation with forward-looking analysis

A conclusive synthesis emphasizing how integrated strategies across technology, policy engagement, and partnerships will determine leadership in the recycling-driven circular economy

In conclusion, lithium-ion battery recycling has moved from experimental programs to a strategic industrial agenda that intersects sustainability, supply-chain security, and commercial opportunity. Technological advances in recovery processes, coupled with evolving regulatory frameworks and shifting trade dynamics, are creating both challenges and openings for stakeholders across the value chain. Companies that adopt integrative strategies-combining design-for-recycling, flexible processing capabilities, and strategic partnerships-will be better positioned to capture the operational and reputational benefits of circular material flows.

As the market matures, success will be determined by an ability to operationalize traceability, to qualify recovered materials for high-value reuse, and to align capital deployment with policy and commercial realities. Stakeholders that proactively engage with regulators, standard-setting bodies, and supply-chain partners can accelerate the transition to efficient and verifiable recycling systems. Ultimately, recycling will be judged not only by its environmental outcomes but also by its capacity to deliver resilient supply chains and sustained industrial competitiveness

Table of Contents

1. Preface

• 1.1. Objectives of the Study
• 1.2. Market Segmentation & Coverage
• 1.3. Years Considered for the Study
• 1.4. Currency & Pricing
• 1.5. Language
• 1.6. Stakeholders

2. Research Methodology

3. Executive Summary

4. Market Overview

5. Market Insights

• 5.1. Expansion of closed-loop recycling partnerships between automakers and battery recyclers to secure sustainable raw materials
• 5.2. Advances in direct recycling technologies enabling recovery of cathode materials with minimal chemical processing
• 5.3. Growth of modular battery disassembly systems leveraging robotics and AI vision for improved sorting efficiencies
• 5.4. Emergence of battery-to-grid second-life programs integrating repurposed cells into renewable energy storage networks
• 5.5. Development of standardized battery collection and labeling regulations across major EV markets to streamline recycling
• 5.6. Investment surge in local recycling facilities driven by domestic supply chain security initiatives and EV mandates
• 5.7. Adoption of novel supercritical fluid extraction methods to reduce chemical waste in lithium-ion battery recycling

6. Cumulative Impact of United States Tariffs 2025

7. Cumulative Impact of Artificial Intelligence 2025

8. Lithium-ion Battery Recycling Market, by Battery Source

• 8.1. Consumer Electronics Batteries
  • 8.1.1. Laptop Batteries
  • 8.1.2. Smartphone Batteries
• 8.2. Industrial Batteries
  • 8.2.1. Energy Storage Systems
  • 8.2.2. Heavy Machinery
• 8.3. Manual Vehicle Batteries

9. Lithium-ion Battery Recycling Market, by Battery Chemistry

• 9.1. Lithium Cobalt Oxide
• 9.2. Lithium Iron Phosphate
• 9.3. Lithium Manganese Oxide
• 9.4. Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide
• 9.5. Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt

10. Lithium-ion Battery Recycling Market, by Recycling Process

• 10.1. Hydrometallurgical Process
• 10.2. Mechanical Process
• 10.3. Pyrometallurgical Process

11. Lithium-ion Battery Recycling Market, by Recyclable Components

• 11.1. Anode Materials
• 11.2. Cathode Materials
• 11.3. Electrolytes

12. Lithium-ion Battery Recycling Market, by End-Use

• 12.1. Automotive
• 12.2. Electronics & Electrical
• 12.3. Industrial

13. Lithium-ion Battery Recycling Market, by Region

• 13.1. Americas
  • 13.1.1. North America
  • 13.1.2. Latin America
• 13.2. Europe, Middle East & Africa
  • 13.2.1. Europe
  • 13.2.2. Middle East
  • 13.2.3. Africa
• 13.3. Asia-Pacific

14. Lithium-ion Battery Recycling Market, by Group

• 14.1. ASEAN
• 14.2. GCC
• 14.3. European Union
• 14.4. BRICS
• 14.5. G7
• 14.6. NATO

15. Lithium-ion Battery Recycling Market, by Country

• 15.1. United States
• 15.2. Canada
• 15.3. Mexico
• 15.4. Brazil
• 15.5. United Kingdom
• 15.6. Germany
• 15.7. France
• 15.8. Russia
• 15.9. Italy
• 15.10. Spain
• 15.11. China
• 15.12. India
• 15.13. Japan
• 15.14. Australia
• 15.15. South Korea

16. Competitive Landscape

• 16.1. Market Share Analysis, 2024
• 16.2. FPNV Positioning Matrix, 2024
• 16.3. Competitive Analysis
  • 16.3.1. ACCUREC-Recycling GmbH
  • 16.3.2. Akkuser Oy
  • 16.3.3. American Battery Technology Company by Komatsu Ltd.
  • 16.3.4. Aqua Metals, Inc.
  • 16.3.5. Attero Recycling Pvt. Ltd.
  • 16.3.6. Batrec Industrie AG
  • 16.3.7. Battery Recyclers of America
  • 16.3.8. Call2Recycle, Inc.
  • 16.3.9. Cirba Solutions US, Inc
  • 16.3.10. Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited
  • 16.3.11. Duesenfeld GmbH
  • 16.3.12. Ecobat, LLC
  • 16.3.13. Envirostream Australia Pty Ltd. by Lithium Australia NL
  • 16.3.14. Fortum Corporation
  • 16.3.15. Ganfeng Lithium Group Co., Ltd.
  • 16.3.16. GEM Co., Ltd.
  • 16.3.17. Li-Cycle Corp.
  • 16.3.18. Lithion Technologies
  • 16.3.19. Neometals Ltd.
  • 16.3.20. OnTo Technology LLC
  • 16.3.21. RecycLiCo Battery Materials Inc.
  • 16.3.22. SMCI Group
  • 16.3.23. Snam S.p.A.
  • 16.3.24. Stena Metall Group
  • 16.3.25. SUEZ Group
  • 16.3.26. Sumitomo Corporation
  • 16.3.27. Suny Group
  • 16.3.28. take-e-way GmbH
  • 16.3.29. Tata Group
  • 16.3.30. Umicore N.V.