联邦能源管理机构 (FERC) 第 2222 号命令：2025 年实施更新及未来里程碑

自美国联邦能源监管委员会 (FERC) 于 2020 年发布第 2222 号命令，允许分散式能源 (DER) 聚合体参与批发电力市场以来，管理美国批发电力市场的区域输电组织 (RTO) 和独立系统营运商 (ISO) 在实施分散式能源聚合 (DERA) 参与方面取得了长足进步。然而，为了适应 FERC 复杂的市场准入标准，每个区域输电组织 (RTO)/独立系统营运商 (ISO) 都以自己的方式完善了市场概念，这给 DER 行业全面理解和适应新的 DERA 参与模式带来了课题。

为了落实 FERC 第 2222 号命令，区域输电组织 (RTO)/独立系统营运商 (ISO) 需要持续完善其市场计划，以增强 DERA 参与度，并缓解市场缺陷和电网干扰。配电公司 (DU) 需要继续在零售层面向分散式能源 (DER) 和分散式再生能源 (DERA) 提供具有吸引力的补偿机制，以便从注入的能源和提供的电网服务中获益。此外，DU 应充分了解区域输电组织 (RTO)/独立系统营运商 (ISO) 的分散式能源市场规划，并就资源调度、电网拥塞和电网稳定性问题与区域输电组织 (RTO)/独立系统营运商 (ISO) 进行有效协调。分散式能源开发商和聚合商还应了解批发电力市场规则和分散式能源参与方案，以最大限度地提高分散式能源的可行性并在美国各地拓展业务。

本报告提供了六种区域输电组织 (RTO)/独立系统运营商 (ISO) 的分散式能源市场准入模式的最新信息，包括每种模式的实施时间表、关键市场概念和规则，以及与联邦能源管理委员会 (FERC) 第 2222 号命令的一致性。最后，该报告探讨了扩大美国分散式能源市场参与度的潜力，并为主要的分散式能源利害关係人提供了建议。

目录

本报告涵盖以下内容：

• 受联邦能源管理委员会 (FERC) 监管的区域输电组织 (RTO)/独立系统营运商 (ISO) 在将 DERA 纳入批发电力市场方面进展如何？

电力市场

• 预计 DERA 在全美批发电力市场的参与度将如何成长？
• DERA 利害关係人必须采取哪些措施才能使 FERC 2222 号令成为现实？

Since the U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) issued Order 2222 in 2020 to better enable aggregations of distributed energy resources (DER) to participate in wholesale electricity markets, the regional transmission organizations (RTOs) and independent system operators (ISOs) that control the wholesale electricity markets in the U.S. have made substantial progress in implementing DER aggregation (DERA) participation. However, in navigating the complexities of FERC's market criteria, each RTO/ISO has refined its market concept in its own way, which presents a challenge for the DER industry to fully understand and adapt to the new DERA participation models.

To make FERC Order 2222 a reality, RTOs/ISOs will need to continue refining their market plans to enhance DERA participation and mitigate any market flaws or grid failures. Distribution utilities (DUs) will need to continue offering attractive compensation mechanisms to DER and DERAs at the retail level to reap the benefits of the injected energy and grid services provided. Additionally, DUs must fully understand their respective RTO/ISO DERA market plans to effectively coordinate with their RTO/ISO regarding resource dispatch, grid congestion, and grid stability issues. DER developers and aggregators must also understand wholesale electricity market rules and DERA participation options to maximize DERA viability and grow business across the U.S.

This Guidehouse Research report provides an update on the six RTO/ISO DERA market participation models, including implementation timelines and explanations of the key market concepts and rules for each RTO/ISO and how they conform with FERC Order 2222's directives. The report concludes by discussing the potential for DERA market participation growth in the U.S. and offering recommendations for the key DERA stakeholders.

Table of Contents

This report covers the following:

• Where each FERC-regulated RTO/ISO is in its efforts to integrate DERAs into its wholesale electricity markets
• How DERA participation in wholesale electricity markets is projected to grow across the U.S.
• What DERA stakeholders must do to make FERC Order 2222 a reality