利用分散式能源资源美国的电网不足应对

Using Distributed Energy Resources to Address Grid Deficiency in the U.S

出版日期: 2025年09月12日 | 出版商:

Guidehouse Research | 英文 16 Pages | 订单完成后即时交付

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随着资料中心、人工智慧、电动车和再生能源的兴起，电力需求激增，美国电网面临前所未有的课题。美国大部分输配电基础设施已使用超过25年，传统的升级改造往往成本高且耗时。分散式能源 (DER)，包括太阳能光伏发电、电池储能系统和智慧家电，可提供灵活的本地化解决方案。透过在更靠近用电地点的地方发电和管理电力，DER 可以减轻电网压力，提高可靠性，并支持实现脱碳目标。极端天气和老化的基础设施持续威胁电网稳定性，DER 技术为电网现代化和增强其弹性提供了一条有效途径。

本报告分析了14种 DER 技术，预测了其成长趋势，并评估了七家主要电网营运商的区域部署。该报告探讨了旨在将分散式能源 (DER) 纳入批发市场的政策框架，例如联邦能源管理委员会 (FERC) 第 2222 号命令，以及监管碎片化、供应链限制和劳动力短缺等障碍。透过对独立系统营运商 (ISO)/区域输电组织 (RTO) 地区的详细比较，报告揭示了早期 DER 应用的最佳实践和经验教训。报告还概述了从实体资产到软体平台的 DER 价值链，并强调了公用事业公司、监管机构和技术提供者之间协调的重要性。

Guidehouse Research 建议更新市场规则，以充分促进 DER 参与，投资电网现代化基础设施，并使公用事业公司的激励措施与客户利益保持一致。策略性地部署 DER 可以推迟昂贵的升级，提高可靠性，并开闢新的收入来源。随着锂价格下跌和电池效率提高，DER 的采用预计将加速。预计到 2034 年，电动车充电和储能将迎来最快的成长。

The U.S. power grid is facing unprecedented challenges as electricity demand surges due to the rise of data centers, AI, EVs, and renewable energy. Much of the country's transmission and distribution infrastructure is more than 25 years old, and traditional upgrades are often costly and slow. Distributed energy resources (DER), including solar photovoltaics, battery energy storage systems, and smart appliances, offer a flexible, localized solution. By generating and managing electricity closer to where it is consumed, DER can reduce strain on the bulk power system, improve reliability, and support decarbonization goals. As extreme weather events and aging infrastructure continue to threaten grid stability, DER technologies present a viable path for modernizing the grid and enhancing resilience.

This Guidehouse Research Strategy Insight analyzes 14 DER technologies, forecasts growth trends, and evaluates regional deployment across seven major grid operators. It highlights policy frameworks such as FERC Order 2222, which aims to integrate DER into wholesale markets, and examines barriers including regulatory fragmentation, supply chain constraints, and workforce shortages. Through detailed comparisons of ISO/RTO regions, the report identifies best practices and lessons learned from early DER adopters. It also outlines the DER value chain, from physical assets to software platforms, and emphasizes the importance of coordination among utilities, regulators, and technology providers.

Guidehouse Research recommends updating market rules to fully enable DER participation, investing in grid modernization infrastructure, and aligning utility incentives with customer benefits. Strategic deployment of DER can defer costly upgrades, improve reliability, and unlock new revenue streams. As lithium prices fall and battery efficiency improves, DER adoption is expected to accelerate, especially in EV charging and energy storage, which are forecast to grow most rapidly through 2034.

This report covers the following: