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市场调查报告书
商品编码
1963675

铜市场：全球产业分析、规模、份额、成长、趋势和预测（2025-2032）

Copper Market: Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast, 2025-2032
出版日期: | 出版商: Persistence Market Research | 英文 195 Pages | 商品交期: 2-5个工作天内

价格
简介目录

主要洞察：铜市场

  • 铜市场规模（2025年预测）：2,975亿美元
  • 预计市场规模（2032年）：4,131亿美元
  • 全球市场成长率（2025年至2032年复合年增长率）：4.8%

铜市场－研究范围：

铜市场涵盖原铜和再生铜的生产、加工和分销，这些铜广泛应用于各个工业领域。铜因其优异的导电性、导热性、耐腐蚀性和可回收性而成为重要的工业金属。它在基础设施建设、交通系统、工业机械、消费品和建筑施工中发挥着至关重要的作用。都市化进程的加速、可再生能源系统的扩展以及开发中国家和已开发国家电气化率的提高，都显着地推动了对铜的需求。铜市场包含各种产品形式，例如线材、棒材、扁钢、管材和箔材，以满足各种工业应用的需求。随着永续和循环经济的不断发展，再生铜在全球供应链中的重要性也日益凸显。

市场成长驱动因素：

全球铜市场的主要驱动力是基础建设、建设活动和全球工业扩张所带来的需求成长。快速的都市化以及对发电和输电网路的大规模投资正在推动铜的消费，尤其是在电线电缆应用领域。交通运输业的成长，包括电动车和铁路基础设施，由于电机、电池和电气系统中广泛使用铜，进一步刺激了铜的需求。可再生能源设施（例如太阳能和发电工程）的扩张也显着推动了铜的需求，因为铜在储能和输电系统中至关重要。此外，家用电器和工业设备需求的成长也支撑了预测期内市场的稳定成长。

市场限制：

儘管铜市场稳步扩张，但仍面临一些可能抑制其成长的挑战。矿山产量波动、地缘政治不确定性以及全球经济状况等因素导致的价格波动可能会影响供应安全和获利能力。与采矿活动和碳排放相关的环境法规可能会导致生产商营运成本增加。高等级矿石蕴藏量有限和采矿成本上升可能会进一步降低生产效率。此外，供应链中断和贸易限制可能会造成供需失衡，尤其是在高度工业化的地区。

市场机会：

在全球转型为电气化和可再生能源系统的大背景下，铜市场蕴藏着巨大的发展机会。电动车的日益普及和充电基础设施的建设预计将创造对铜组件的长期需求。智慧电网的扩展和老旧电力基础设施的现代化改造也为市场成长提供了更多途径。对回收和再生铜生产的日益重视，为永续供应管理和成本优化提供了机会。亚太、拉丁美洲以及中东和非洲等新兴经济体的快速工业和基础设施发展，为铜生产商和供应商创造了新的投资机会。加工和提炼技术的进步也有望提升营运效率和市场竞争力。

本报告解答的关键问题：

  • 推动全球铜市场成长的关键因素有哪些？
  • 哪些产品类型和终端用户产业对铜的需求量最大？
  • 向电气化和可再生能源的转变对铜的消费模式有何影响？
  • 全球铜市场的主要参与者有哪些？他们正在采取哪些策略来保持竞争力？
  • 全球铜市场有哪些新兴趋势和长期前景？

目录

第一章执行摘要

第二章 市场概览

  • 市场范围和定义
  • 市场动态
    • 司机
    • 抑制因素
    • 机会
    • 主要趋势
  • 宏观经济因素
  • 新冠疫情影响分析
  • 预测因子－相关性和影响

第三章 加值见解

  • 产品采纳分析
  • 监管状态
  • 价值链分析
  • PESTLE分析
  • 波特五力分析

第四章 定价分析，2024年

  • 主要亮点
  • 铜的价格波动取决于铜的类型。
  • 按产品类型分類的成本构成

第五章 全球铜市场展望

  • 主要亮点
    • 市场规模（单位）预测
    • 市场规模和年成长率
    • 绝对商机
  • 市场规模与销售量（单位）分析与预测
    • 2019年至2024年市场规模表现分析
    • 市场规模分析及预测（2025-2032年）
  • 全球铜市场展望：铜的类型
    • 引言/主要发现
    • 2019-2024年按类型分類的铜市场规模、表现及销售量（单位）分析
    • 铜市场规模和销售量（单位）按类型分類的分析和预测，2025-2032年
      • 基本的
      • 次要
    • 按铜类型分類的市场吸引力分析
  • 全球铜市场按产品类型展望
    • 引言/主要发现
    • 2019-2024年按产品类型分類的市场规模表现分析
    • 依产品类型分類的市场规模分析及预测（2025-2032年）
      • 线材
      • 钢筋、线材和型材
      • 扁钢产品
      • 管子
      • 挫败
    • 按产品类型分類的市场吸引力分析
  • 全球铜市场展望：最终用途
    • 引言/主要发现
    • 按应用领域分類的市场规模绩效分析（2019-2024 年）
    • 按应用领域分類的市场规模分析与预测（2025-2032年）
      • 工业设备
      • 运输
      • 基础设施
      • 建筑/施工
      • 消费品和一般产品
      • 其他的
    • 市场吸引力分析：最终用途

6. 全球铜市场区域展望

  • 主要亮点
  • 2019年至2024年各地区市场规模表现及销售量（单位）分析
  • 2025-2032年各地区市场规模及销售量（单位）分析与预测
    • 北美洲
    • 欧洲
    • 东亚
    • 南亚和大洋洲
    • 拉丁美洲
    • 中东和非洲
  • 按地区分類的市场吸引力分析

第七章 北美铜市场展望

第八章 欧洲铜市场展望

第九章 东亚铜市场展望

第十章：南亚与大洋洲铜市场展望

第十一章：拉丁美洲铜市场展望

第十二章：中东和非洲铜市场展望

第十三章 竞争格局

  • 2024年市占率分析
  • 市场结构
    • 市场竞争格局分析
    • 竞争对手仪錶板
  • 公司简介（详情 - 概述、财务状况、策略、近期发展）
    • Jiangxi Copper Corporation
    • Codelco
    • Aurubis AG
    • Glencore
    • BHP Group Limited
    • Teck Resources Limited
    • Anglo American plc
    • Antofagasta plc
    • GRUPO MEXICO
    • Freeport-McMoRan Inc.
    • Rio Tinto Group
    • KGHM Polska Miedz SA
    • Others

第十四章附录

简介目录
Product Code: PMRREP35467

Persistence Market Research has recently released a comprehensive report on the global Copper Market, providing an in-depth analysis of key market dynamics, including driving forces, emerging trends, opportunities, and challenges. This report offers a detailed understanding of the market landscape, enabling stakeholders to make well-informed strategic and investment decisions.

Key Insights: Copper Market

  • Copper Market Size (2025E): US$ 297.5 Bn
  • Projected Market Value (2032F): US$ 413.1 Bn
  • Global Market Growth Rate (CAGR 2025 to 2032): 4.8%

Copper Market - Report Scope:

The copper market encompasses the production, processing, and distribution of primary and secondary copper used across a wide range of industries. Copper is a critical industrial metal known for its superior electrical conductivity, thermal efficiency, corrosion resistance, and recyclability. It plays a vital role in infrastructure development, transportation systems, industrial machinery, consumer goods, and building construction. Growing urbanization, expansion of renewable energy systems, and rising electrification across developing and developed economies are significantly contributing to copper demand. The market includes various product forms such as wire, rods, bars, flat rolled products, tubes, and foil, catering to diverse industrial applications. Increasing focus on sustainable development and circular economy practices is also strengthening the importance of recycled copper in the global supply chain.

Market Growth Drivers:

The global copper market is primarily driven by increasing demand from infrastructure development, construction activities, and industrial expansion worldwide. Rapid urbanization and large scale investments in power generation and transmission networks are boosting copper consumption, particularly in wiring and cable applications. Growth in the transportation sector, including electric vehicles and rail infrastructure, is further accelerating copper demand due to its extensive use in motors, batteries, and electrical systems. Expanding renewable energy installations such as solar and wind power projects are also contributing significantly, as copper is a key component in energy storage and transmission systems. Additionally, rising demand for consumer electronics and industrial equipment is reinforcing steady market growth during the forecast period.

Market Restraints:

Despite steady expansion, the copper market faces certain challenges that may restrain growth. Price volatility driven by fluctuations in mining output, geopolitical uncertainties, and global economic conditions can impact supply stability and profit margins. Environmental regulations related to mining activities and carbon emissions may increase operational costs for producers. Limited availability of high-grade ore reserves and rising extraction costs can further affect production efficiency. Additionally, supply chain disruptions and trade restrictions may create imbalances between demand and supply, particularly in highly industrialized regions.

Market Opportunities:

The copper market presents significant opportunities supported by the global transition toward electrification and renewable energy systems. Increasing adoption of electric vehicles and development of charging infrastructure are expected to generate long-term demand for copper components. Expansion of smart grids and modernization of aging power infrastructure offer additional growth avenues. Growing emphasis on recycling and secondary copper production provides opportunities for sustainable supply management and cost optimization. Emerging economies in Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa are witnessing rapid industrial and infrastructure development, creating new investment prospects for copper producers and suppliers. Technological advancements in processing and refining methods are also expected to enhance operational efficiency and strengthen market competitiveness.

Key Questions Answered in the Report:

  • What are the primary factors driving the global copper market growth?
  • Which product types and end use industries account for the highest copper demand?
  • How is the shift toward electrification and renewable energy influencing copper consumption patterns?
  • Who are the leading players in the global copper market, and what strategies are they adopting to remain competitive?
  • What are the emerging trends and long term projections for the global copper market?

Competitive Intelligence and Business Strategy:

Leading companies in the global copper market are focusing on expanding mining capacity, strengthening refining capabilities, and investing in sustainable production practices to maintain market leadership. Strategic acquisitions, partnerships, and technological upgrades are commonly adopted to enhance operational efficiency and secure raw material supply. Many players are also increasing investments in recycling infrastructure to support circular economy initiatives and meet growing environmental standards. Diversification across geographical regions and downstream product offerings further strengthens competitive positioning in the global copper industry.

Competitive Analysis:

Key companies operating in the global copper market include:

  • Jiangxi Copper Corporation
  • Codelco
  • Aurubis AG
  • Glencore
  • BHP Group Limited
  • Teck Resources Limited
  • Anglo American plc
  • Antofagasta plc
  • GRUPO MEXICO
  • Freeport-McMoRan Inc.
  • Rio Tinto Group
  • KGHM Polska Miedz S.A.
  • Others

Market Segmentation

By Copper Type

  • Primary
  • Secondary

By Product Type

  • Wire
  • Rods, Bars, and Sections
  • Flat Rolled Products
  • Tube
  • Foil

By End Use

  • Industrial Equipment
  • Transport
  • Infrastructure
  • Building and Construction
  • Consumer and General Products
  • Others

By Region

  • North America
  • Europe
  • East Asia
  • South Asia and Oceania
  • Latin America
  • Middle East and Africa

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

  • 1.1. Global Copper Market Snapshot, 2025 and 2032
  • 1.2. Market Opportunity Assessment, 2025-2032, US$ Bn
  • 1.3. Key Market Trends
  • 1.4. Future Market Projections
  • 1.5. Premium Market Insights
  • 1.6. Industry Developments and Key Market Events
  • 1.7. PMR Analysis and Recommendations

2. Market Overview

  • 2.1. Market Scope and Definition
  • 2.2. Market Dynamics
    • 2.2.1. Drivers
    • 2.2.2. Restraints
    • 2.2.3. Opportunity
    • 2.2.4. Key Trends
  • 2.3. Macro-economic Factors
    • 2.3.1. Public and Private Investment Trends in Renewable Energy and Grid Infrastructure
    • 2.3.2. Rising Emphasis on Electrification and Energy Efficiency across Industries
  • 2.4. COVID-19 Impact Analysis
  • 2.5. Forecast Factors - Relevance and Impact

3. Value Added Insights

  • 3.1. Product Adoption Analysis
  • 3.2. Regulatory Landscape
  • 3.3. Value Chain Analysis
  • 3.4. PESTLE Analysis
  • 3.5. Porter's Five Force Analysis

4. Pricing Analysis, 2024A

  • 4.1. Key Highlights
  • 4.2. Price Variations across Copper Types
  • 4.3. Cost Components by Product Type

5. Global Copper Market Outlook

  • 5.1. Key Highlights
    • 5.1.1. Market Volume (Units) Projections
    • 5.1.2. Market Size (US$ Bn) and Y-o-Y Growth
    • 5.1.3. Absolute $ Opportunity
  • 5.2. Market Size (US$ Bn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast
    • 5.2.1. Historical Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis, 2019-2024
    • 5.2.2. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, 2025-2032
  • 5.3. Global Copper Market Outlook: Copper Type
    • 5.3.1. Introduction / Key Findings
    • 5.3.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Bn) and Volume (Units) Analysis, By Copper Type, 2019 - 2024
    • 5.3.3. Market Size (US$ Bn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast, By Copper Type, 2025-2032
      • 5.3.3.1. Primary
      • 5.3.3.2. Secondary
    • 5.3.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis: Copper Type
  • 5.4. Global Copper Market Outlook: Product Type
    • 5.4.1. Introduction / Key Findings
    • 5.4.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis, By Product Type, 2019 - 2024
    • 5.4.3. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By Product Type, 2025-2032
      • 5.4.3.1. Wire
      • 5.4.3.2. Rods, Bars, and Sections
      • 5.4.3.3. Flat Rolled Products
      • 5.4.3.4. Tube
      • 5.4.3.5. Foil
    • 5.4.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis: Product Type
  • 5.5. Global Copper Market Outlook: End Use
    • 5.5.1. Introduction / Key Findings
    • 5.5.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis, By End Use, 2019 - 2024
    • 5.5.3. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By End Use, 2025-2032
      • 5.5.3.1. Industrial Equipment
      • 5.5.3.2. Transport
      • 5.5.3.3. Infrastructure
      • 5.5.3.4. Building and Construction
      • 5.5.3.5. Consumer and General Products
      • 5.5.3.6. Others
    • 5.5.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis: End Use

6. Global Copper Market Outlook: Region

  • 6.1. Key Highlights
  • 6.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Bn) and Volume (Units) Analysis, By Region, 2019 - 2024
  • 6.3. Market Size (US$ Bn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast, By Region, 2025-2032
    • 6.3.1. North America
    • 6.3.2. Europe
    • 6.3.3. East Asia
    • 6.3.4. South Asia and Oceania
    • 6.3.5. Latin America
    • 6.3.6. Middle East & Africa
  • 6.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis: Region

7. North America Copper Market Outlook

  • 7.1. Key Highlights
  • 7.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis, By Market, 2019 - 2024
    • 7.2.1. By Country
    • 7.2.2. By Copper Type
    • 7.2.3. By Product Type
    • 7.2.4. By End Use
  • 7.3. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By Country, 2025-2032
    • 7.3.1. U.S.
    • 7.3.2. Canada
  • 7.4. Market Size (US$ Bn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast, By Copper Type, 2025-2032
    • 7.4.1. Primary
    • 7.4.2. Secondary
  • 7.5. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By Product Type, 2025-2032
    • 7.5.1. Wire
    • 7.5.2. Rods, Bars, and Sections
    • 7.5.3. Flat Rolled Products
    • 7.5.4. Tube
    • 7.5.5. Foil
  • 7.6. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By End Use, 2025-2032
    • 7.6.1. Industrial Equipment
    • 7.6.2. Transport
    • 7.6.3. Infrastructure
    • 7.6.4. Building and Construction
    • 7.6.5. Consumer and General Products
    • 7.6.6. Others
  • 7.7. Market Attractiveness Analysis

8. Europe Copper Market Outlook

  • 8.1. Key Highlights
  • 8.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis, By Market, 2019 - 2024
    • 8.2.1. By Country
    • 8.2.2. By Copper Type
    • 8.2.3. By Product Type
    • 8.2.4. By End Use
  • 8.3. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By Country, 2025-2032
    • 8.3.1. Germany
    • 8.3.2. France
    • 8.3.3. U.K.
    • 8.3.4. Italy
    • 8.3.5. Spain
    • 8.3.6. Russia
    • 8.3.7. Turkey
    • 8.3.8. Rest of Europe
  • 8.4. Market Size (US$ Bn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast, By Copper Type, 2025-2032
    • 8.4.1. Primary
    • 8.4.2. Secondary
  • 8.5. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By Product Type, 2025-2032
    • 8.5.1. Wire
    • 8.5.2. Rods, Bars, and Sections
    • 8.5.3. Flat Rolled Products
    • 8.5.4. Tube
    • 8.5.5. Foil
  • 8.6. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By End Use, 2025-2032
    • 8.6.1. Industrial Equipment
    • 8.6.2. Transport
    • 8.6.3. Infrastructure
    • 8.6.4. Building and Construction
    • 8.6.5. Consumer and General Products
    • 8.6.6. Others
  • 8.7. Market Attractiveness Analysis

9. East Asia Copper Market Outlook

  • 9.1. Key Highlights
  • 9.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis, By Market, 2019 - 2024
    • 9.2.1. By Country
    • 9.2.2. By Copper Type
    • 9.2.3. By Product Type
    • 9.2.4. By End Use
  • 9.3. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By Country, 2025-2032
    • 9.3.1. China
    • 9.3.2. Japan
    • 9.3.3. South Korea
  • 9.4. Market Size (US$ Bn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast, By Copper Type, 2025-2032
    • 9.4.1. Primary
    • 9.4.2. Secondary
  • 9.5. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By Product Type, 2025-2032
    • 9.5.1. Wire
    • 9.5.2. Rods, Bars, and Sections
    • 9.5.3. Flat Rolled Products
    • 9.5.4. Tube
    • 9.5.5. Foil
  • 9.6. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By End Use, 2025-2032
    • 9.6.1. Industrial Equipment
    • 9.6.2. Transport
    • 9.6.3. Infrastructure
    • 9.6.4. Building and Construction
    • 9.6.5. Consumer and General Products
    • 9.6.6. Others
  • 9.7. Market Attractiveness Analysis

10. South Asia & Oceania Copper Market Outlook

  • 10.1. Key Highlights
  • 10.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis, By Market, 2019 - 2024
    • 10.2.1. By Country
    • 10.2.2. By Copper Type
    • 10.2.3. By Product Type
    • 10.2.4. By End Use
  • 10.3. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By Country, 2025-2032
    • 10.3.1. India
    • 10.3.2. Southeast Asia
    • 10.3.3. ANZ
    • 10.3.4. Rest of South Asia & Oceania
  • 10.4. Market Size (US$ Bn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast, By Copper Type, 2025-2032
    • 10.4.1. Primary
    • 10.4.2. Secondary
  • 10.5. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By Product Type, 2025-2032
    • 10.5.1. Wire
    • 10.5.2. Rods, Bars, and Sections
    • 10.5.3. Flat Rolled Products
    • 10.5.4. Tube
    • 10.5.5. Foil
  • 10.6. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By End Use, 2025-2032
    • 10.6.1. Industrial Equipment
    • 10.6.2. Transport
    • 10.6.3. Infrastructure
    • 10.6.4. Building and Construction
    • 10.6.5. Consumer and General Products
    • 10.6.6. Others
  • 10.7. Market Attractiveness Analysis

11. Latin America Copper Market Outlook

  • 11.1. Key Highlights
  • 11.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis, By Market, 2019 - 2024
    • 11.2.1. By Country
    • 11.2.2. By Copper Type
    • 11.2.3. By Product Type
    • 11.2.4. By End Use
  • 11.3. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By Country, 2025-2032
    • 11.3.1. Brazil
    • 11.3.2. Mexico
    • 11.3.3. Rest of Latin America
  • 11.4. Market Size (US$ Bn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast, By Copper Type, 2025-2032
    • 11.4.1. Primary
    • 11.4.2. Secondary
  • 11.5. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By Product Type, 2025-2032
    • 11.5.1. Wire
    • 11.5.2. Rods, Bars, and Sections
    • 11.5.3. Flat Rolled Products
    • 11.5.4. Tube
    • 11.5.5. Foil
  • 11.6. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By End Use, 2025-2032
    • 11.6.1. Industrial Equipment
    • 11.6.2. Transport
    • 11.6.3. Infrastructure
    • 11.6.4. Building and Construction
    • 11.6.5. Consumer and General Products
    • 11.6.6. Others
  • 11.7. Market Attractiveness Analysis

12. Middle East & Africa Copper Market Outlook

  • 12.1. Key Highlights
  • 12.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis, By Market, 2019 - 2024
    • 12.2.1. By Country
    • 12.2.2. By Copper Type
    • 12.2.3. By Product Type
    • 12.2.4. By End Use
  • 12.3. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By Country, 2025-2032
    • 12.3.1. GCC Countries
    • 12.3.2. Egypt
    • 12.3.3. South Africa
    • 12.3.4. Northern Africa
    • 12.3.5. Rest of Middle East & Africa
  • 12.4. Market Size (US$ Bn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast, By Copper Type, 2025-2032
    • 12.4.1. Primary
    • 12.4.2. Secondary
  • 12.5. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By Product Type, 2025-2032
    • 12.5.1. Wire
    • 12.5.2. Rods, Bars, and Sections
    • 12.5.3. Flat Rolled Products
    • 12.5.4. Tube
    • 12.5.5. Foil
  • 12.6. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By End Use, 2025-2032
    • 12.6.1. Industrial Equipment
    • 12.6.2. Transport
    • 12.6.3. Infrastructure
    • 12.6.4. Building and Construction
    • 12.6.5. Consumer and General Products
    • 12.6.6. Others
  • 12.7. Market Attractiveness Analysis

13. Competition Landscape

  • 13.1. Market Share Analysis, 2024
  • 13.2. Market Structure
    • 13.2.1. Competition Intensity Mapping By Market
    • 13.2.2. Competition Dashboard
  • 13.3. Company Profiles (Details - Overview, Financials, Strategy, Recent Developments)
    • 13.3.1. Jiangxi Copper Corporation
      • 13.3.1.1. Overview
      • 13.3.1.2. Segments and Copper Types
      • 13.3.1.3. Key Financials
      • 13.3.1.4. Market Developments
      • 13.3.1.5. Market Strategy
    • 13.3.2. Codelco
    • 13.3.3. Aurubis AG
    • 13.3.4. Glencore
    • 13.3.5. BHP Group Limited
    • 13.3.6. Teck Resources Limited
    • 13.3.7. Anglo American plc
    • 13.3.8. Antofagasta plc
    • 13.3.9. GRUPO MEXICO
    • 13.3.10. Freeport-McMoRan Inc.
    • 13.3.11. Rio Tinto Group
    • 13.3.12. KGHM Polska Miedz S.A.
    • 13.3.13. Others

14. Appendix

  • 14.1. Research Methodology
  • 14.2. Research Assumptions
  • 14.3. Acronyms and Abbreviations