NVIDIA Rubin GPU 液冷革命：MCL 技术的崛起与挑战

人工智慧 (AI) 和高效能运算 (HPC) 工作负载的激增，使得 GPU 功耗大幅提升，从几百瓦飙升至 Rubin 世代的 2300 瓦以上。这一演变使得散热从辅助组件跃升为提升计算性能的关键要素。随着传统液冷技术接近其物理极限，业界正转向下一代解决方案：微通道盖 (MCL)。一场新的 "散热革命" 正在悄悄发生。

主要亮点

• 随着人工智慧 (AI) 和高效能运算 (HPC) 工作负载的激增，GPU 功耗正从适中水准迅速攀升。
• 散热正从辅助元件演变为提升运算效能的关键要素。
• 传统液冷技术正接近其物理极限。
• 随着微通道盖（MCL）等新一代解决方案的采用，业界正悄悄开启一场 "散热革命" 。

本报告探讨了伺服器散热技术的演变，总结了主要公司的策略以及关键技术的未来发展前景。

目录

第一章：伺服器散热的演进

第二章：散热革命3.0：MCL运作原理

第三章：NVIDIA针对下一代Rubin架构的双通道散热策略

第四章：台湾主要散热供应商及其对产业的影响

第五章：下一代散热技术展望

第六章：TRI的观点

The rise of AI and HPC workloads has significantly increased GPU power consumption, from a few hundred watts to over 2,300W in the Rubin generation. This evolution has elevated cooling from a mere support component to a critical factor for maximizing computational performance. As traditional liquid-cooling methods near their physical limits, the industry is turning to a next-generation solution: Microchannel Lids (MCL). Quietly, a new "cooling revolution" is underway.

Key Highlights

• AI and HPC workloads have driven substantial rises in GPU power consumption, shifting from modest to elevated levels.
• Cooling has transformed from a secondary component to a vital element for enhancing computational performance.
• Traditional liquid-cooling techniques are approaching their fundamental physical boundaries.
• The industry is adopting next-generation solutions like Microchannel Lids (MCL), sparking a subtle "cooling revolution".

Table of Contents

1. The Evolution of Server Cooling

• Figure 1: TDP Trends Across NVIDIA's GPU Generations
• Table 1: Key Characteristics of Current Cooling Technologies

2. Cooling Revolution 3.0: The Operating Principle Behind MCL

• Figure 2: Comparison Between Traditional "Vapor Chamber + Cold Plate" Cooling and MCL Architecture
• Table 2: Comparison of Conventional "Heat Spread + Cold Plate" Cooling vs. MCL Solutions

3. NVIDIA's Dual-Track Cooling Strategy for the Next-Generation Rubin Architecture

• Table 3: NVIDIA Rubin Cooling Dual-Track Strategy for Different Configurations

4. Taiwan's Key Thermal Suppliers and the Industry Impact

5. Outlook for Next-Generation Cooling Technologies

6. TRI's View