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市场调查报告书
商品编码
1938412

食品挤压市场-全球产业规模、份额、趋势、机会及预测(依食品、挤压机、製程、地区及竞争格局划分,2021-2031年)

Food Extrusion Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Opportunity, and Forecast, Segmented By Food Product, By Extruder, By Process, By Region & Competition, 2021-2031F

出版日期: | 出版商: TechSci Research | 英文 180 Pages | 商品交期: 2-3个工作天内

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简介目录

全球食品挤压市场预计将从 2025 年的 842.2 亿美元大幅成长至 2031 年的 1,426.5 亿美元,复合年增长率为 9.18%。

食品挤压是一种高生产率的生产方法,它利用热能和机械能将混合原料通过特定的模具挤压成型,从而生产出具有特定形状、质地和密度的产品。市场成长的主要驱动力是全球对保质期长、即食加工食品的需求不断增长,以及产业对连续、节能生产技术的需求。此外,对能够生产植物来源肉类替代品的组织化技术的需求也是推动挤压设备普及的关键因素。

市场概览
预测期 2027-2031
市场规模:2025年 842.2亿美元
市场规模:2031年 1426.5亿美元
复合年增长率:2026-2031年 9.18%
成长最快的细分市场 零嘴零食
最大的市场 欧洲

儘管存在这些积极趋势,但该行业仍面临许多挑战,包括安装和维护复杂挤出系统所需的大量初始投资。这种资金壁垒往往阻碍了小规模製造商进入市场,并抑制了在价格敏感地区的快速扩张。以关键应用领域的规模为例,植物性食品基金会 (PBF) 的报告显示,美国零售植物性食品市场规模将在 2024 年达到约 81 亿美元。这项数据凸显了挤出产品的巨大经济影响,同时也显示该产业在高营运成本方面仍面临持续挑战。

市场驱动因素

替代蛋白和植物来源肉产业的快速成长正在推动全球食品挤压市场的转型。生产商越来越依赖高水分挤压烹饪(HMEC)技术来复製动物蛋白的纤维特性,这项技术对于提高产品品质和产品创新至关重要。这种对专业加工技术的依赖,以及该产业不断扩大的规模经济,正在推动市场发展。正如良好食品研究所(Good Food Institute)于2024年5月发布的《2023年行业趋势报告》中所述,全球植物来源肉、鱼贝类、乳製品和鸡蛋的零售额预计将增长5%,达到286亿美元。这凸显了先进的押出机械在满足不断变化的消费者偏好发挥的关键作用。

同时,全球对方便食品和加工食品日益增长的需求是推动产业发展的根本动力。挤压成型过程的操作柔软性使其能够高效地大规模生产保质期长的即食谷物和零嘴零食等产品,而生活方式的改变和都市化进程的推进,也带动了此类产品需求的增长。这一趋势也反映在各大食品公司的财务表现中。例如,百事公司在2024年2月发布的「2023财年第四季及全年财务业绩」报告中指出,其全球简便食品部门全年实现了10%的有机销售成长。同样,为了满足强劲的产能需求,布勒集团宣布其消费食品部门2024年的销售额年增24.7%。

市场挑战

全球食品挤压市场的主要阻碍因素是高昂的初始资本投入,这构成了进入和成长的重大障碍。建立一条工业挤压生产线需要大量投资,不仅包括核心机械,还包括必要的辅助设备,例如专用模具、干燥机以及用于精确纹理化的预处理设备。这种资本需求对中小企业而言尤其沉重,因为它们往往缺乏足够的流动资金来支付这些领先成本。因此,小型製造商难以与现有企业竞争,也难以根据不断变化的消费趋势快速扩大生产规模,从而有效地减缓了价格敏感地区的整体市场活动。

这些财务障碍的影响在近期的行业趋势中显而易见,谨慎的投资导致设备采购量显着下降。根据德国机械设备製造业联合会(VDMA)食品加工与包装器材协会的数据订单,2024年1月至7月,该产业的订单量较去年同期下降了7%。订单的下降表明,由于营运成本高昂,加工商不愿投资大规模资本计划,这直接抑制了挤出市场的成长动能。

市场趋势

随着各产业向循环经济模式转型,将食物废弃物和其他废弃物融入挤压产品正成为一股重要趋势。製造商越来越多地利用挤压技术回收营养丰富的废弃物,例如渣和啤酒麦芽,并将其转化为高价值的配料和零食。这项策略不仅有助于减少食物废弃物,还能帮助加工商和设备供应商实现永续性目标。例如,布勒集团在2025年2月发布的2024年度报告中宣布,其策略目标是提供解决方案,帮助客户在其价值链中减少50%的废弃物。

同时,豆类和古老谷物在挤压膨化食品中的应用显着增加,逐渐摆脱了传统的以小麦和玉米为基底的模式,以提升其营养价值。这股趋势充分利用了苋菜、鹰嘴豆和扁豆等原料,这些原料不仅富含膳食纤维和蛋白质,还能满足无麸质食品的要求。挤压成型製程在此过程中至关重要,它能够改善这些高密度原料的质地和消化率,使其更适合大众消费。例如,格兰比亚营养品公司在其2025年2月发布的《2025年植物蛋白趋势》报告中指出,全球32%的消费者对扁豆作为一种替代蛋白食品原料感兴趣,体现了消费者对这些替代原料的浓厚兴趣。

目录

第一章概述

第二章调查方法

第三章执行摘要

第四章:客户评价

第五章 全球食品挤压市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
    • 按金额
  • 市占率及预测
    • 食品类别(零嘴零食、早餐用麦片谷类、麵包、麵粉和淀粉、组织蛋白、功能性食材、其他)
    • 依挤出机类型(单螺桿挤出机、双螺桿挤出机、反向旋转双螺桿挤出机)
    • 依製造製程(冷挤压与热挤压)
    • 按地区
    • 按公司(2025 年)
  • 市场地图

6. 北美食品挤压市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 北美洲:国家分析
    • 我们
    • 加拿大
    • 墨西哥

7. 欧洲食品挤压市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 欧洲:国家分析
    • 德国
    • 法国
    • 英国
    • 义大利
    • 西班牙

8. 亚太地区食品挤型市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 亚太地区:国家分析
    • 中国
    • 印度
    • 日本
    • 韩国
    • 澳洲

9. 中东和非洲食品挤压市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 中东和非洲:国家分析
    • 沙乌地阿拉伯
    • 阿拉伯聯合大公国
    • 南非

10. 南美洲食品挤压市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 南美洲:国家分析
    • 巴西
    • 哥伦比亚
    • 阿根廷

第十一章 市场动态

  • 司机
  • 任务

第十二章 市场趋势与发展

  • 併购
  • 产品发布
  • 最新进展

第十三章 全球食品挤压市场:SWOT分析

第十四章:波特五力分析

  • 产业竞争
  • 新进入者的可能性
  • 供应商电力
  • 顾客权力
  • 替代品的威胁

第十五章 竞争格局

  • Akron Tool & Die Co Inc
  • Baker Perkins Ltd
  • KAHL Group
  • Triott Group
  • Groupe Legris Industries
  • The Bonnot Company
  • American Extrusion International
  • Shandong Light M&E Co., Ltd
  • Doering Systems, Inc.
  • Buhler Holding AG

第十六章 策略建议

第十七章:关于研究公司及免责声明

简介目录
Product Code: 2286

The Global Food Extrusion Market is projected to expand significantly, growing from USD 84.22 Billion in 2025 to USD 142.65 Billion by 2031, reflecting a CAGR of 9.18%. Food extrusion is defined as a high-capacity manufacturing method where mixed ingredients are pushed through a specific die using thermal and mechanical energy to generate products with distinct shapes, textures, and densities. This market growth is primarily fueled by the increasing worldwide requirement for shelf-stable, ready-to-eat processed foods alongside the industrial need for continuous, energy-efficient production techniques. Furthermore, the demand for texturization technologies capable of producing plant-based meat substitutes serves as a vital catalyst for the uptake of extrusion equipment.

Market Overview
Forecast Period2027-2031
Market Size 2025USD 84.22 Billion
Market Size 2031USD 142.65 Billion
CAGR 2026-20319.18%
Fastest Growing SegmentSavory Snacks
Largest MarketEurope

Despite these drivers, the industry faces a major hurdle regarding the substantial initial capital investment needed to install and maintain complex extrusion systems. This financial obstacle frequently restricts market access for smaller manufacturers and hinders rapid scalability in regions sensitive to price. To demonstrate the magnitude of a key application sector, the Plant Based Foods Association reported that in 2024, the U.S. retail plant-based food market held a value of roughly $8.1 billion. This statistic emphasizes the significant economic impact of extruded goods, even as the sector grapples with the persistent challenge of elevated operational costs.

Market Driver

The swift growth of the alternative protein and plant-based meat sector acts as a transformative force for the global food extrusion market. Producers are increasingly depending on high-moisture extrusion cooking (HMEC) to simulate the fibrous nature of animal protein, rendering this technology essential for quality enhancement and product innovation. This reliance on specialized processing is propelling market momentum, a fact supported by the sector's expanding economic scale. As noted by the Good Food Institute in their "2023 State of the Industry Report" released in May 2024, global retail sales for plant-based meat, seafood, dairy, and eggs increased by five percent to total $28.6 billion, highlighting the crucial role of advanced extrusion machinery in meeting shifting consumer preferences.

Concurrently, the rising global appetite for convenience and processed foods serves as a fundamental catalyst for industry progress. The operational flexibility of extrusion facilitates the efficient mass production of shelf-stable products such as ready-to-eat cereals and savory snacks, which are increasingly sought after due to changing lifestyles and urbanization. This trend is reflected in the financial results of major food companies; for instance, PepsiCo reported in February 2024 within its "Fourth Quarter and Full-Year 2023 Earnings Release" that its Global Convenient Foods division achieved 10% organic revenue growth for the full year. Mirroring this strong demand for production capacity, the Buhler Group announced in 2024 that its Consumer Foods business unit realized a turnover increase of 24.7% during the prior year.

Market Challenge

Significant initial capital expenditures represent a primary restraint on the Global Food Extrusion Market, posing a major hurdle to entry and growth. Setting up industrial extrusion lines necessitates substantial investment, covering not just the core machinery but also essential ancillary equipment like specialized dies, dryers, and pre-conditioners needed for accurate texturization. This financial requirement is especially burdensome for small and medium-sized enterprises, which frequently lack the liquidity to manage these upfront expenses. As a result, these smaller manufacturers find it difficult to compete with established entities or scale production quickly to meet changing consumer trends, effectively slowing overall market activity in price-sensitive areas.

The consequence of these financial barriers is apparent in recent industrial trends, where investment caution has resulted in a noticeable reduction in equipment procurement. According to the VDMA Food Processing and Packaging Machinery Association, incoming orders for the sector decreased by 7 percent in the first seven months of 2024 compared to the prior year. This drop in order intake highlights the reluctance among processors to commit to extensive capital projects given the high operational costs, which directly retards the momentum of the extrusion market.

Market Trends

The incorporation of upcycled food waste and by-products into extruded formulations is becoming a significant trend, driven by the industrial transition toward circular economy models. Manufacturers are increasingly utilizing extrusion technology to recover nutrient-dense side streams, such as fruit pomace and brewer's spent grains, converting them into high-value ingredients and snacks. This strategy not only contributes to food waste reduction but also supports sustainability goals established by processors and equipment suppliers. Demonstrating this industry dedication, the Buhler Group stated in its "Annual Report 2024" released in February 2025 that the company has established a strategic goal to provide solutions enabling a 50% waste reduction within its customers' value chains.

At the same time, there is a marked increase in the integration of pulses and ancient grains into extruded snacks, shifting away from conventional wheat and corn bases to enhance nutritional profiles. This trend involves using ingredients such as amaranth, chickpeas, and lentils, which deliver higher fiber and protein content while addressing gluten-free requirements. Extrusion is essential in this context as it enhances the texture and digestibility of these dense substrates, rendering them suitable for mainstream consumption. Highlighting consumer interest in these alternative ingredients, Glanbia Nutritionals noted in their "2025 Plant-Based Protein Trends" report from February 2025 that 32% of global consumers express interest in lentils as an alternative protein food ingredient.

Key Market Players

  • Akron Tool & Die Co Inc
  • Baker Perkins Ltd
  • KAHL Group
  • Triott Group
  • Groupe Legris Industries
  • The Bonnot Company
  • American Extrusion International
  • Shandong Light M&E Co., Ltd
  • Doering Systems, Inc.
  • Buhler Holding AG

Report Scope

In this report, the Global Food Extrusion Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

Food Extrusion Market, By Food Product

  • Savory Snacks
  • Breakfast Cereals
  • Bread
  • Flour and Starches
  • Textured Protein
  • Functional Ingredients & Others

Food Extrusion Market, By Extruder

  • Single Screw Extruder
  • Twin Screw Extruder & Contra Twin Screw Extruders

Food Extrusion Market, By Process

  • Cold Extrusion Vs Hot Extrusion

Food Extrusion Market, By Region

  • North America
    • United States
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • France
    • United Kingdom
    • Italy
    • Germany
    • Spain
  • Asia Pacific
    • China
    • India
    • Japan
    • Australia
    • South Korea
  • South America
    • Brazil
    • Argentina
    • Colombia
  • Middle East & Africa
    • South Africa
    • Saudi Arabia
    • UAE

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Food Extrusion Market.

Available Customizations:

Global Food Extrusion Market report with the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

Company Information

  • Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).

Table of Contents

1. Product Overview

  • 1.1. Market Definition
  • 1.2. Scope of the Market
    • 1.2.1. Markets Covered
    • 1.2.2. Years Considered for Study
    • 1.2.3. Key Market Segmentations

2. Research Methodology

  • 2.1. Objective of the Study
  • 2.2. Baseline Methodology
  • 2.3. Key Industry Partners
  • 2.4. Major Association and Secondary Sources
  • 2.5. Forecasting Methodology
  • 2.6. Data Triangulation & Validation
  • 2.7. Assumptions and Limitations

3. Executive Summary

  • 3.1. Overview of the Market
  • 3.2. Overview of Key Market Segmentations
  • 3.3. Overview of Key Market Players
  • 3.4. Overview of Key Regions/Countries
  • 3.5. Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, Trends

4. Voice of Customer

5. Global Food Extrusion Market Outlook

  • 5.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 5.1.1. By Value
  • 5.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 5.2.1. By Food Product (Savory Snacks, Breakfast Cereals, Bread, Flour and Starches, Textured Protein, Functional Ingredients & Others)
    • 5.2.2. By Extruder (Single Screw Extruder, Twin Screw Extruder & Contra Twin Screw Extruders)
    • 5.2.3. By Process (Cold Extrusion Vs Hot Extrusion)
    • 5.2.4. By Region
    • 5.2.5. By Company (2025)
  • 5.3. Market Map

6. North America Food Extrusion Market Outlook

  • 6.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 6.1.1. By Value
  • 6.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 6.2.1. By Food Product
    • 6.2.2. By Extruder
    • 6.2.3. By Process
    • 6.2.4. By Country
  • 6.3. North America: Country Analysis
    • 6.3.1. United States Food Extrusion Market Outlook
      • 6.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.1.2.1. By Food Product
        • 6.3.1.2.2. By Extruder
        • 6.3.1.2.3. By Process
    • 6.3.2. Canada Food Extrusion Market Outlook
      • 6.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.2.2.1. By Food Product
        • 6.3.2.2.2. By Extruder
        • 6.3.2.2.3. By Process
    • 6.3.3. Mexico Food Extrusion Market Outlook
      • 6.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.3.2.1. By Food Product
        • 6.3.3.2.2. By Extruder
        • 6.3.3.2.3. By Process

7. Europe Food Extrusion Market Outlook

  • 7.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 7.1.1. By Value
  • 7.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 7.2.1. By Food Product
    • 7.2.2. By Extruder
    • 7.2.3. By Process
    • 7.2.4. By Country
  • 7.3. Europe: Country Analysis
    • 7.3.1. Germany Food Extrusion Market Outlook
      • 7.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.1.2.1. By Food Product
        • 7.3.1.2.2. By Extruder
        • 7.3.1.2.3. By Process
    • 7.3.2. France Food Extrusion Market Outlook
      • 7.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.2.2.1. By Food Product
        • 7.3.2.2.2. By Extruder
        • 7.3.2.2.3. By Process
    • 7.3.3. United Kingdom Food Extrusion Market Outlook
      • 7.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.3.2.1. By Food Product
        • 7.3.3.2.2. By Extruder
        • 7.3.3.2.3. By Process
    • 7.3.4. Italy Food Extrusion Market Outlook
      • 7.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.4.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.4.2.1. By Food Product
        • 7.3.4.2.2. By Extruder
        • 7.3.4.2.3. By Process
    • 7.3.5. Spain Food Extrusion Market Outlook
      • 7.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.5.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.5.2.1. By Food Product
        • 7.3.5.2.2. By Extruder
        • 7.3.5.2.3. By Process

8. Asia Pacific Food Extrusion Market Outlook

  • 8.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 8.1.1. By Value
  • 8.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 8.2.1. By Food Product
    • 8.2.2. By Extruder
    • 8.2.3. By Process
    • 8.2.4. By Country
  • 8.3. Asia Pacific: Country Analysis
    • 8.3.1. China Food Extrusion Market Outlook
      • 8.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.1.2.1. By Food Product
        • 8.3.1.2.2. By Extruder
        • 8.3.1.2.3. By Process
    • 8.3.2. India Food Extrusion Market Outlook
      • 8.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.2.2.1. By Food Product
        • 8.3.2.2.2. By Extruder
        • 8.3.2.2.3. By Process
    • 8.3.3. Japan Food Extrusion Market Outlook
      • 8.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.3.2.1. By Food Product
        • 8.3.3.2.2. By Extruder
        • 8.3.3.2.3. By Process
    • 8.3.4. South Korea Food Extrusion Market Outlook
      • 8.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.4.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.4.2.1. By Food Product
        • 8.3.4.2.2. By Extruder
        • 8.3.4.2.3. By Process
    • 8.3.5. Australia Food Extrusion Market Outlook
      • 8.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.5.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.5.2.1. By Food Product
        • 8.3.5.2.2. By Extruder
        • 8.3.5.2.3. By Process

9. Middle East & Africa Food Extrusion Market Outlook

  • 9.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 9.1.1. By Value
  • 9.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 9.2.1. By Food Product
    • 9.2.2. By Extruder
    • 9.2.3. By Process
    • 9.2.4. By Country
  • 9.3. Middle East & Africa: Country Analysis
    • 9.3.1. Saudi Arabia Food Extrusion Market Outlook
      • 9.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.1.2.1. By Food Product
        • 9.3.1.2.2. By Extruder
        • 9.3.1.2.3. By Process
    • 9.3.2. UAE Food Extrusion Market Outlook
      • 9.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.2.2.1. By Food Product
        • 9.3.2.2.2. By Extruder
        • 9.3.2.2.3. By Process
    • 9.3.3. South Africa Food Extrusion Market Outlook
      • 9.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.3.2.1. By Food Product
        • 9.3.3.2.2. By Extruder
        • 9.3.3.2.3. By Process

10. South America Food Extrusion Market Outlook

  • 10.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 10.1.1. By Value
  • 10.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 10.2.1. By Food Product
    • 10.2.2. By Extruder
    • 10.2.3. By Process
    • 10.2.4. By Country
  • 10.3. South America: Country Analysis
    • 10.3.1. Brazil Food Extrusion Market Outlook
      • 10.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.1.2.1. By Food Product
        • 10.3.1.2.2. By Extruder
        • 10.3.1.2.3. By Process
    • 10.3.2. Colombia Food Extrusion Market Outlook
      • 10.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.2.2.1. By Food Product
        • 10.3.2.2.2. By Extruder
        • 10.3.2.2.3. By Process
    • 10.3.3. Argentina Food Extrusion Market Outlook
      • 10.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.3.2.1. By Food Product
        • 10.3.3.2.2. By Extruder
        • 10.3.3.2.3. By Process

11. Market Dynamics

  • 11.1. Drivers
  • 11.2. Challenges

12. Market Trends & Developments

  • 12.1. Merger & Acquisition (If Any)
  • 12.2. Product Launches (If Any)
  • 12.3. Recent Developments

13. Global Food Extrusion Market: SWOT Analysis

14. Porter's Five Forces Analysis

  • 14.1. Competition in the Industry
  • 14.2. Potential of New Entrants
  • 14.3. Power of Suppliers
  • 14.4. Power of Customers
  • 14.5. Threat of Substitute Products

15. Competitive Landscape

  • 15.1. Akron Tool & Die Co Inc
    • 15.1.1. Business Overview
    • 15.1.2. Products & Services
    • 15.1.3. Recent Developments
    • 15.1.4. Key Personnel
    • 15.1.5. SWOT Analysis
  • 15.2. Baker Perkins Ltd
  • 15.3. KAHL Group
  • 15.4. Triott Group
  • 15.5. Groupe Legris Industries
  • 15.6. The Bonnot Company
  • 15.7. American Extrusion International
  • 15.8. Shandong Light M&E Co., Ltd
  • 15.9. Doering Systems, Inc.
  • 15.10. Buhler Holding AG

16. Strategic Recommendations

17. About Us & Disclaimer