电动车、电气化与冷链运输:机会在哪里？

冷藏运输在全球粮食安全和公共卫生中发挥着至关重要的作用，确保了易腐货物的安全运输。然而，国家和州一级的脱碳策略在很大程度上忽视了运输冷冻机组 (TRU) 的排放。虽然製造商已经将电动 TRU 车型推向市场，但美国 TRU 的监管环境有限，加州的监管也存在不确定性，这使得早期大规模采用纯电动车型的可能性不大。

了解冷藏运输技术的现状，发现电气化领域的新兴机遇，并识别采用零排放 TRU 的技术和经济障碍，对于减少这个经常被忽视的行业的排放至关重要。同样重要的是，在长期基础设施和政策支持发展的同时，认识到混合动力和备用电动 TRU 作为减排的直接解决方案可以发挥的作用。

本报告探讨了冷藏运输技术的趋势，并分析了与排放相关的课题、eTRU（电动运输冷冻装置）技术、相关法规、基础设施缺口以及减排措施。

目录

本报告涵盖以下内容：

• TRU、车辆引擎和冷媒的排放
• eTRU（电动运输冷冻装置）的技术、法规和基础设施缺口
• 混合动力和备用TRU作为近期减排措施
• 柴油TRU和eTRU的成本和报酬比较

Refrigerated transport plays a vital role in global food security and public health, enabling the safe transport of perishable goods, however emissions from transport refrigeration units (TRUs) have been largely overlooked in national and state level decarbonization strategies. Manufacturers have already rolled out electric TRU models, but the limited regulatory landscape for TRUs in the U.S. and regulatory uncertainty in California mean that fully electric models are unlikely to achieve widespread adoption anytime soon.

Understanding the current state of refrigerated transport technologies, the emerging opportunities for electrification, and the technical and economic barriers to adopting zero emissions TRUs is essential for reducing emissions from this overlooked sector. Equally important is recognizing the role that hybrid and standby electric TRUs can play as near-term solutions for cutting emissions while longer-term infrastructure and policy support are developed.

Table of Contents

This report covers the following:

• Emissions from TRUs, vehicle engines, and refrigerants
• eTRU technology, regulations, and infrastructure gaps
• Hybrid and standby TRUs as near-term emissions solutions
• Cost and payback comparisons for diesel and eTRUs