Product Code: r17316
Cloud manufacturing entails a manufacturing paradigm that harnesses cloud computing technologies to streamline and enhance manufacturing processes. By facilitating remote access, collaboration, scalability, and data-driven decision-making, it enables improved efficiency and cost-effectiveness. This approach integrates and coordinates diverse manufacturing resources, such as equipment, facilities, software tools, and expertise, within a virtualized environment accessible remotely. Manufacturers can dynamically allocate and utilize resources as per demand, optimize production processes, enhance collaboration with partners and suppliers, and swiftly adapt to evolving market conditions.
The primary components of cloud manufacturing encompass hardware, software, and services. Hardware refers to the tangible physical components of computer systems or electronic devices, including processors, memory modules, and storage devices. Various deployment models, such as public cloud, private cloud, and hybrid cloud, cater to the needs of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and large enterprises across sectors such as aerospace and defense, healthcare, semiconductor electronics, automotive, metal and machinery manufacturing, among others.
The cloud manufacturing market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides cloud manufacturing market statistics, including cloud manufacturing industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with a cloud manufacturing market share, detailed cloud manufacturing market segments, market trends and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the cloud manufacturing industry. This cloud manufacturing market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenario of the industry.
The cloud manufacturing market size has grown rapidly in recent years. It will grow from $73.71 billion in 2023 to $86.20 billion in 2024 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 17.0%. The growth observed during the historic period can be attributed to several factors. These include initiatives aimed at reducing costs, efforts towards globalization and supply chain optimization, the necessity for scalability and flexibility, compliance with regulatory requirements, as well as ensuring business continuity and disaster recovery measures.
The cloud manufacturing market size is expected to see rapid growth in the next few years. It will grow to $163.00 billion in 2028 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 17.3%. The anticipated growth in the forecast period can be attributed to several key factors. These include heightened concerns regarding sustainability and the environment, increased demand for real-time insights and analytics, evolving market dynamics and competitive pressures, a shift towards sterilization and outcome-based models, as well as ongoing evolution in regulatory and compliance standards. Major trends expected during this period include the increased adoption of hybrid cloud solutions, integration of edge computing with cloud manufacturing processes, optimization driven by artificial intelligence and machine learning, a stronger focus on sustainability and circular economy principles, and the expansion of industry-specific cloud manufacturing solutions.
The upward trend of artificial intelligence (AI) integration in manufacturing is poised to drive the growth of the cloud manufacturing market. Artificial intelligence involves the development of computer systems and algorithms capable of human-like tasks, such as learning from data and problem-solving. Its increasing adoption in manufacturing stems from its capacity to optimize processes, boost productivity, and facilitate predictive maintenance. Cloud manufacturing harnesses artificial intelligence to analyze extensive production data, optimize operations, predict equipment malfunctions, and enhance decision-making for heightened efficiency and productivity. For example, Rockwell Automation Inc., a US-based provider of industrial automation and digital transformation technologies, reported in May 2022 that the adoption of smart factory technologies had surged by 50% year-over-year, with 74% of surveyed manufacturers already utilizing or planning to integrate artificial intelligence into their operations. Moreover, 83% of manufacturing professionals are gearing up to modernize their processes into smart factories. Consequently, the growing integration of artificial intelligence in manufacturing is propelling the expansion of the cloud manufacturing market.
Key players in the cloud manufacturing market are innovating manufacturing-specific cloud platforms such as Manufacturing Data Engine and Manufacturing Connect to gain a competitive edge. These cloud-based software solutions are tailor-made for the manufacturing industry, offering functionalities such as data integration, analytics, process optimization, and supply chain management. For instance, Google LLC launched Manufacturing Data Engine and Manufacturing Connect in May 2022, aimed at empowering manufacturers to streamline operations through analytics and AI capabilities. These solutions facilitate connectivity among disparate assets, standardize data, and enhance visibility from the factory floor to the cloud. By centralizing and harmonizing data, they support critical AI and analytics-driven applications such as manufacturing analytics, predictive maintenance, and anomaly detection at the machine level.
In September 2021, Rockwell Automation Inc. bolstered its position in the cloud manufacturing sector by acquiring Plex Systems Inc. for $2.22 billion. This strategic move is expected to accelerate Rockwell's vision of the connected enterprise, offering cloud solutions that enhance resilience, agility, and sustainability in manufacturing operations. Plex Systems Inc., a US-based software company specializing in cloud manufacturing solutions, complements Rockwell's portfolio and strengthens its ability to deliver comprehensive solutions for the evolving needs of manufacturing industries.
Major companies operating in the cloud manufacturing market are Amazon.com Inc., Google LLC, Microsoft Corporation, Dell Technologies Inc., Siemens AG, International Business Machines Corporation, General Electric Company, Cisco Systems Inc., Oracle Corporation, NetSuite Inc., SAP SE, Salesforce.com Inc., Hewlett Packard Enterprise Company, DXC Technology Company, VMware Inc., Rockwell Automation Inc., Citrix Systems Inc., Jelastic Inc., Hitachi Vantara, PTC Inc., Cloudera Inc., Box Inc., Rootstock Software
North America was the largest region in the cloud manufacturing market in 2023. Asia-Pacific is expected to be the fastest-growing region in the forecast period. The regions covered in the cloud manufacturing market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa.
The countries covered in the cloud manufacturing market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA, Canada, Italy, Spain.
The cloud manufacturing market consists of revenues earned by entities by providing services such as supply chain management solutions, 3D printing services, cloud infrastructure services, and integration services. The market value includes the value of related goods sold by the service provider or included within the service offering. The cloud manufacturing market also includes sales of cloud-based manufacturing execution systems (MES), production lifecycle management software, computer-aided design (CAD) software, computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software, and predictive maintenance systems. Values in this market are 'factory gate' values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods.
The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified).
The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products.
- Including: 1) By Component: Hardware; Software; Services
- 2) By Deployment Model: Public Cloud; Private Cloud; Hybrid Cloud
- 3) By Organization Size: Small And Medium Enterprises (SMEs); Large Enterprises
- 4) By Industry Vertical: Aerospace And Defense; Healthcare; Semiconductor Electronics; Automotive; Metal And Machinery Manufacturing
- Covering: Amazon.com Inc.; Google LLC; Microsoft Corporation; Dell Technologies Inc.; Siemens AG
Table of Contents
1. Executive Summary
2. Cloud Manufacturing Market Characteristics
3. Cloud Manufacturing Market Trends And Strategies
4. Cloud Manufacturing Market - Macro Economic Scenario
- 4.1. Impact Of High Inflation On The Market
- 4.2. Ukraine-Russia War Impact On The Market
- 4.3. COVID-19 Impact On The Market
5. Global Cloud Manufacturing Market Size and Growth
- 5.1. Global Cloud Manufacturing Market Drivers and Restraints
- 5.1.1. Drivers Of The Market
- 5.1.2. Restraints Of The Market
- 5.2. Global Cloud Manufacturing Historic Market Size and Growth, 2018 - 2023, Value ($ Billion)
- 5.3. Global Cloud Manufacturing Forecast Market Size and Growth, 2023 - 2028, 2033F, Value ($ Billion)
6. Cloud Manufacturing Market Segmentation
- 6.1. Global Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- Hardware
- Software
- Services
- 6.2. Global Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Deployment Model, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- Public Cloud
- Private Cloud
- Hybrid Cloud
- 6.3. Global Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Organization Size, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- Small And Medium Enterprises (SMEs)
- Large Enterprises
- 6.4. Global Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Industry Vertical, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- Aerospace And Defense
- Healthcare
- Semiconductor Electronics
- Automotive
- Metal And Machinery Manufacturing
- Other Industry Verticals
7. Cloud Manufacturing Market Regional And Country Analysis
- 7.1. Global Cloud Manufacturing Market, Split By Region, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 7.2. Global Cloud Manufacturing Market, Split By Country, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
8. Asia-Pacific Cloud Manufacturing Market
- 8.1. Asia-Pacific Cloud Manufacturing Market Overview
- Region Information, Impact Of COVID-19, Market Information, Background Information, Government Initiatives, Regulations, Regulatory Bodies, Major Associations, Taxes Levied, Corporate Tax Structure, Investments, Major Companies
- 8.2. Asia-Pacific Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 8.3. Asia-Pacific Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Organization Size, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 8.4. Asia-Pacific Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Industry Vertical, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
9. China Cloud Manufacturing Market
- 9.1. China Cloud Manufacturing Market Overview
- 9.2. China Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
- 9.3. China Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Organization Size, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
- 9.4. China Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Industry Vertical, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
10. India Cloud Manufacturing Market
- 10.1. India Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 10.2. India Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Organization Size, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 10.3. India Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Industry Vertical, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
11. Japan Cloud Manufacturing Market
- 11.1. Japan Cloud Manufacturing Market Overview
- 11.2. Japan Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 11.3. Japan Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Organization Size, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 11.4. Japan Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Industry Vertical, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
12. Australia Cloud Manufacturing Market
- 12.1. Australia Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 12.2. Australia Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Organization Size, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 12.3. Australia Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Industry Vertical, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
13. Indonesia Cloud Manufacturing Market
- 13.1. Indonesia Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 13.2. Indonesia Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Organization Size, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 13.3. Indonesia Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Industry Vertical, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
14. South Korea Cloud Manufacturing Market
- 14.1. South Korea Cloud Manufacturing Market Overview
- 14.2. South Korea Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 14.3. South Korea Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Organization Size, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 14.4. South Korea Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Industry Vertical, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
15. Western Europe Cloud Manufacturing Market
- 15.1. Western Europe Cloud Manufacturing Market Overview
- 15.2. Western Europe Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 15.3. Western Europe Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Organization Size, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 15.4. Western Europe Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Industry Vertical, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
16. UK Cloud Manufacturing Market
- 16.1. UK Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 16.2. UK Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Organization Size, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 16.3. UK Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Industry Vertical, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
17. Germany Cloud Manufacturing Market
- 17.1. Germany Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 17.2. Germany Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Organization Size, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 17.3. Germany Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Industry Vertical, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
18. France Cloud Manufacturing Market
- 18.1. France Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 18.2. France Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Organization Size, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 18.3. France Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Industry Vertical, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
19. Italy Cloud Manufacturing Market
- 19.1. Italy Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 19.2. Italy Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Organization Size, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 19.3. Italy Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Industry Vertical, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
20. Spain Cloud Manufacturing Market
- 20.1. Spain Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 20.2. Spain Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Organization Size, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 20.3. Spain Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Industry Vertical, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
21. Eastern Europe Cloud Manufacturing Market
- 21.1. Eastern Europe Cloud Manufacturing Market Overview
- 21.2. Eastern Europe Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 21.3. Eastern Europe Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Organization Size, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 21.4. Eastern Europe Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Industry Vertical, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
22. Russia Cloud Manufacturing Market
- 22.1. Russia Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 22.2. Russia Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Organization Size, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 22.3. Russia Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Industry Vertical, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
23. North America Cloud Manufacturing Market
- 23.1. North America Cloud Manufacturing Market Overview
- 23.2. North America Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 23.3. North America Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Organization Size, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 23.4. North America Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Industry Vertical, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
24. USA Cloud Manufacturing Market
- 24.1. USA Cloud Manufacturing Market Overview
- 24.2. USA Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 24.3. USA Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Organization Size, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 24.4. USA Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Industry Vertical, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
25. Canada Cloud Manufacturing Market
- 25.1. Canada Cloud Manufacturing Market Overview
- 25.2. Canada Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 25.3. Canada Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Organization Size, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 25.4. Canada Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Industry Vertical, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
26. South America Cloud Manufacturing Market
- 26.1. South America Cloud Manufacturing Market Overview
- 26.2. South America Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 26.3. South America Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Organization Size, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 26.4. South America Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Industry Vertical, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
27. Brazil Cloud Manufacturing Market
- 27.1. Brazil Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 27.2. Brazil Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Organization Size, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 27.3. Brazil Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Industry Vertical, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
28. Middle East Cloud Manufacturing Market
- 28.1. Middle East Cloud Manufacturing Market Overview
- 28.2. Middle East Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 28.3. Middle East Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Organization Size, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 28.4. Middle East Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Industry Vertical, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
29. Africa Cloud Manufacturing Market
- 29.1. Africa Cloud Manufacturing Market Overview
- 29.2. Africa Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 29.3. Africa Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Organization Size, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 29.4. Africa Cloud Manufacturing Market, Segmentation By Industry Vertical, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
30. Cloud Manufacturing Market Competitive Landscape And Company Profiles
- 30.1. Cloud Manufacturing Market Competitive Landscape
- 30.2. Cloud Manufacturing Market Company Profiles
- 30.2.1. Amazon.com Inc.
- 30.2.1.1. Overview
- 30.2.1.2. Products and Services
- 30.2.1.3. Strategy
- 30.2.1.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.2. Google LLC
- 30.2.2.1. Overview
- 30.2.2.2. Products and Services
- 30.2.2.3. Strategy
- 30.2.2.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.3. Microsoft Corporation
- 30.2.3.1. Overview
- 30.2.3.2. Products and Services
- 30.2.3.3. Strategy
- 30.2.3.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.4. Dell Technologies Inc.
- 30.2.4.1. Overview
- 30.2.4.2. Products and Services
- 30.2.4.3. Strategy
- 30.2.4.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.5. Siemens AG
- 30.2.5.1. Overview
- 30.2.5.2. Products and Services
- 30.2.5.3. Strategy
- 30.2.5.4. Financial Performance
31. Cloud Manufacturing Market Other Major And Innovative Companies
- 31.1. International Business Machines Corporation
- 31.2. General Electric Company
- 31.3. Cisco Systems Inc.
- 31.4. Oracle Corporation
- 31.5. NetSuite Inc.
- 31.6. SAP SE
- 31.7. Salesforce.com Inc.
- 31.8. Hewlett Packard Enterprise Company
- 31.9. DXC Technology Company
- 31.10. VMware Inc.
- 31.11. Rockwell Automation Inc.
- 31.12. Citrix Systems Inc.
- 31.13. Jelastic Inc.
- 31.14. Hitachi Vantara
- 31.15. PTC Inc.
32. Global Cloud Manufacturing Market Competitive Benchmarking
33. Global Cloud Manufacturing Market Competitive Dashboard
34. Key Mergers And Acquisitions In The Cloud Manufacturing Market
35. Cloud Manufacturing Market Future Outlook and Potential Analysis
- 35.1 Cloud Manufacturing Market In 2028 - Countries Offering Most New Opportunities
- 35.2 Cloud Manufacturing Market In 2028 - Segments Offering Most New Opportunities
- 35.3 Cloud Manufacturing Market In 2028 - Growth Strategies
- 35.3.1 Market Trend Based Strategies
- 35.3.2 Competitor Strategies
36. Appendix
- 36.1. Abbreviations
- 36.2. Currencies
- 36.3. Historic And Forecast Inflation Rates
- 36.4. Research Inquiries
- 36.5. The Business Research Company
- 36.6. Copyright And Disclaimer