2030 年北美电子和半导体市场预测支出分析 - 区域分析 - 按组件、类型、部署和应用
市场调查报告书
商品编码
1562223

2030 年北美电子和半导体市场预测支出分析 - 区域分析 - 按组件、类型、部署和应用

North America Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market Forecast to 2030 - Regional analysis - by Component, Type, Deployment, and Application

出版日期: | 出版商: The Insight Partners | 英文 87 Pages | 订单完成后即时交付

价格

2022年北美电子和半导体市场支出分析价值为9,913万美元,预计2030年将达到3.1632亿美元;预计2022年至2030年复合年增长率为15.6%。

消费性电子产品需求的成长推动了北美电子和半导体市场的支出分析

电子和半导体市场对智慧型手机、平板电脑、穿戴式装置和其他消费性电子产品的需求大幅成长。需求的成长凸显了产业内支出分析的必要性。随着消费性电子市场的扩大,该行业的公司面临着有效管理支出以保持竞争力并满足客户不断变化的偏好的挑战。采用支出分析解决方案变得至关重要,因为它提供了有关支出模式的宝贵见解,确定了成本优化的机会,并促进了明智的决策,以确保公司在这个快节奏的市场中保持适应性和响应能力。此外,支出分析还可以帮助公司简化采购流程,确定潜在的成本削减领域,并策略性地分配资源,以满足消费性电子产品不断增长的需求,从而促进电子和半导体市场成长的支出分析。

北美电子和半导体市场支出分析概述

北美电子和半导体市场的支出分析是一项完善且成熟的支出分析,具有很高的采用率,并且非常注重利用分析来优化采购流程并推动成本节约。特别是,美国在全球和北美电子和半导体市场支出分析中占有重要地位。 IBM Corporation、Lytica Inc、SAP 和 Zycus 是美国营运的老牌企业,可根据客户组织的需求提供复杂的分析解决方案。这些参与者对市场动态有深入的了解,并提供全面的分析工具,使企业能够对其支出模式获得有价值的认识并做出明智的决策,进一步促进电子和半导体市场支出分析的成长。 2023年6月,全球管理顾问公司科尔尼领投了Simfoni的一轮投资,筹集了约800万美元的投资金额。 Simfoni(总部位于旧金山)提供支出分析、电子采购和尾部支出管理的解决方案。这一轮投资被称为 A-2 轮,显示 Kearney 对 Simfoni 的产品以及电子和半导体市场支出分析成长潜力的信心和支持。

北美电子和半导体市场收入支出分析及 2030 年预测(百万美元)

北美电子和半导体市场细分支出分析

北美电子和半导体市场的支出分析根据组件、类型、部署、应用和国家进行细分。根据组件,北美电子和半导体市场的支出分析分为软体和服务。 2022年,软体服务将占据更大的市场份额。

根据类型,北美电子和半导体市场的支出分析分为描述性分析、预测性分析和规范性分析。预测分析在 2022 年占据最大的市场份额。

在部署方面,北美电子和半导体市场的支出分析分为本地和云端。 2022 年,云端占据了更大的市场份额。

按应用划分,北美电子和半导体市场支出分析分为财务管理、风险管理、治理和合规管理、供应商采购和绩效管理、需求和供应预测等。 2022 年,供应商采购和绩效管理占据最大的市场份额。

根据国家/地区,北美电子和半导体市场的支出分析分为美国、加拿大和墨西哥。 2022 年,美国在北美电子和半导体市场份额的支出分析中占据主导地位。

Coupa Software Inc、International Business Machines Corp、Ivalua Inc、Lytica Inc、NB Ventures Inc、SAP SE、Scanmarket AS、Synertrade Inc 和 Zycus Inc 是北美电子和半导体市场支出分析领域的一些领先公司。

目录

第 1 章:简介

第 2 章:执行摘要

  • 主要见解
  • 市场吸引力

第 3 章:研究方法

  • 覆盖范围
  • 二次研究
  • 初步研究

第 4 章:电子与半导体市场格局的支出分析

  • 概述
  • 生态系分析

第 5 章:北美电子和半导体市场支出分析 - 主要市场动态

  • 市场驱动因素
    • 消费性电子产品需求成长
    • 原物料价格波动
  • 市场限制
    • 技术复杂性
  • 市场机会
    • 供应链中断的增加
    • 小型化电子设备的结合
  • 未来趋势
    • 越来越多地实施基于人工智慧的支出分析
  • 驱动因素和限制的影响:

第 6 章:北美电子与半导体市场支出分析 - 市场分析

  • 2022-2030 年电子与半导体市场收入支出分析
  • 电子和半导体市场预测分析的支出分析

第 7 章:北美电子和半导体市场支出分析 - 按组成部分

  • 软体
  • 服务

第 8 章:北美电子和半导体市场支出分析 - 按类型

  • 描述性分析
  • 预测分析
  • 规范性分析

第 9 章:北美电子和半导体市场支出分析 - 按部署

  • 本地部署

第 10 章:北美电子和半导体市场支出分析 - 按应用

  • 财务管理
  • 风险管理
  • 治理与合规管理
  • 供应商采购与绩效管理
  • 需求和供应预测
  • 其他的

第 11 章:北美电子和半导体市场支出分析 - 国家分析

  • 北美市场概况
    • 北美洲
      • 美国
      • 加拿大
      • 墨西哥

第 12 章:竞争格局

  • 关键参与者的热图分析

第 13 章:产业格局

  • 概述
  • 市场主动性
  • 产品开发
  • 併购

第 14 章:公司简介

  • Coupa Software Inc
  • International Business Machines Corp
  • Ivalua Inc
  • Lytica Inc
  • NB Ventures Inc
  • SAP SE
  • Scanmarket AS
  • Synertrade Inc
  • Zycus Inc

第 15 章:附录

Product Code: BMIRE00030524

The North America spend analytics for electronics and semiconductor market was valued at US$ 99.13 million in 2022 and is expected to reach US$ 316.32 million by 2030; it is estimated to register a CAGR of 15.6% from 2022 to 2030.

Rise in Demand for Consumer Electronics Fuels North America Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market

The electronics and semiconductor market experienced a significant surge in demand for smartphones, tablets, wearable devices, and other consumer electronics. This increase in demand highlighted the necessity for spending analytics within the industry. As the consumer electronics market expanded, companies in this sector faced the challenge of efficiently managing their expenditures to maintain competitiveness and meet their customers' changing preferences. The adoption of spend analytics solutions became crucial as it provided valuable insights into spending patterns, identified opportunities for cost optimization, and facilitated informed decision-making to ensure companies remained adaptable and responsive in this fast-paced market. Also, spend analytics help companies streamline their procurement processes, identify potential areas for cost reduction, and strategically allocate resources to meet the growing demand for consumer electronics, which boosts the spend analytics for electronics and semiconductor market growth.

North America Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market Overview

The spend analytics for electronics and semiconductor market in North America is a well-established and mature one, exhibiting a high level of adoption and strong focus on leveraging analytics to optimize procurement processes as well as drive cost savings. Particularly, the US has significant presence in the global and North American spend analytics for electronics and semiconductor market. IBM Corporation, Lytica Inc, SAP, and Zycus are among the established players operating in the US that offer sophisticated analytics solutions tailored to the needs of their client organizations. These players have a deep understanding of the market dynamics and provide comprehensive analytics tools that allow businesses to gain valuable perceptions of their spending patterns and make informed decisions, further contributing to the growth of spend analytics for electronics and semiconductor market. In June 2023, Kearney, a global management consulting firm, led the investment round for Simfoni, raising the investment amount of ~US$ 8 million. Simfoni (based in San Francisco) provides solutions for spend analytics, e-sourcing, and tail spend management. This investment round, known as Series A-2, signifies Kearney's confidence and support in Simfoni's offerings and potential for growth in the spend analytics for electronics and semiconductor market.

North America Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)

North America Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market Segmentation

The North America spend analytics for electronics and semiconductor market is segmented based on component, type, deployment, application, and country. Based on component, the North America spend analytics for electronics and semiconductor market is bifurcated into software and services. The software services held a larger market share in 2022.

Based on type, the North America spend analytics for electronics and semiconductor market is segmented into descriptive analytics, predictive analytics, and prescriptive analytics. The predictive analytics held the largest market share in 2022.

In terms of deployment, the North America spend analytics for electronics and semiconductor market is bifurcated into on-premise and cloud. The cloud held a larger market share in 2022.

By application, the North America spend analytics for electronics and semiconductor market is segmented into financial management, risk management, governance & compliance management, supplier sourcing & performance management, demand & supply forecasting, and others. The supplier sourcing & performance management held the largest market share in 2022.

Based on country, the North America spend analytics for electronics and semiconductor market is segmented into the US, Canada, and Mexico. The US dominated the North America spend analytics for electronics and semiconductor market share in 2022.

Coupa Software Inc, International Business Machines Corp, Ivalua Inc, Lytica Inc, NB Ventures Inc, SAP SE, Scanmarket AS, Synertrade Inc, and Zycus Inc are some of the leading companies operating in the North America spend analytics for electronics and semiconductor market.

Table Of Contents

1. Introduction

  • 1.1 The Insight Partners Research Report Guidance
  • 1.2 Market Segmentation

2. Executive Summary

  • 2.1 Key Insights
  • 2.2 Market Attractiveness

3. Research Methodology

  • 3.1 Coverage
  • 3.2 Secondary Research
  • 3.3 Primary Research

4. Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market Landscape

  • 4.1 Overview
  • 4.2 Ecosystem Analysis

5. North America Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Key Market Dynamics

  • 5.1 Market Drivers
    • 5.1.1 Rise in Demand for Consumer Electronics
    • 5.1.2 Fluctuations in Raw Materials Prices
  • 5.2 Market Restraints
    • 5.2.1 Technological Complexity
  • 5.3 Market Opportunities
    • 5.3.1 Rise in Supply Chain Disruption
    • 5.3.2 Incorporation of Miniaturized Electronic Devices
  • 5.4 Future Trends
    • 5.4.1 Growing Implementation of AI-based Spend Analytics
  • 5.5 Impact of Drivers and Restraints:

6. North America Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market -Market Analysis

  • 6.1 Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market Revenue (US$ Million), 2022-2030
  • 6.2 Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market Forecast Analysis

7. North America Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market Analysis - by Component

  • 7.1 Software
    • 7.1.1 Overview
    • 7.1.2 Software: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • 7.2 Service
    • 7.2.1 Overview
    • 7.2.2 Service: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)

8. North America Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market Analysis - by Type

  • 8.1 Descriptive Analytics
    • 8.1.1 Overview
    • 8.1.2 Descriptive Analytics: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • 8.2 Predictive Analytics
    • 8.2.1 Overview
    • 8.2.2 Predictive Analytics: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • 8.3 Prescriptive Analytics
    • 8.3.1 Overview
    • 8.3.2 Prescriptive Analytics: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)

9. North America Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market Analysis - by Deployment

  • 9.1 On-Premise
    • 9.1.1 Overview
    • 9.1.2 On-Premise: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • 9.2 Cloud
    • 9.2.1 Overview
    • 9.2.2 Cloud: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)

10. North America Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market Analysis - by Application

  • 10.1 Financial Management
    • 10.1.1 Overview
    • 10.1.2 Financial Management: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • 10.2 Risk Management
    • 10.2.1 Overview
    • 10.2.2 Risk Management: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • 10.3 Governance and Compliance Management
    • 10.3.1 Overview
    • 10.3.2 Governance and Compliance Management: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • 10.4 Supplier Sourcing and Performance Management
    • 10.4.1 Overview
    • 10.4.2 Supplier Sourcing and Performance Management: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • 10.5 Demand and Supply Forecasting
    • 10.5.1 Overview
    • 10.5.2 Demand and Supply Forecasting: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • 10.6 Others
    • 10.6.1 Overview
    • 10.6.2 Others: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)

11. North America Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Country Analysis

  • 11.1 North America Market Overview
    • 11.1.1 North America: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast Analysis - by Country
      • 11.1.1.1 North America: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast Analysis - by Country
      • 11.1.1.2 United States: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
        • 11.1.1.2.1 United States: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market Breakdown, by Component
        • 11.1.1.2.2 United States: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market Breakdown, by Type
        • 11.1.1.2.3 United States: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market Breakdown, by Deployment
        • 11.1.1.2.4 United States: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market Breakdown, by Application
      • 11.1.1.3 Canada: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
        • 11.1.1.3.1 Canada: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market Breakdown, by Component
        • 11.1.1.3.2 Canada: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market Breakdown, by Type
        • 11.1.1.3.3 Canada: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market Breakdown, by Deployment
        • 11.1.1.3.4 Canada: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market Breakdown, by Application
      • 11.1.1.4 Mexico: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
        • 11.1.1.4.1 Mexico: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market Breakdown, by Component
        • 11.1.1.4.2 Mexico: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market Breakdown, by Type
        • 11.1.1.4.3 Mexico: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market Breakdown, by Deployment
        • 11.1.1.4.4 Mexico: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market Breakdown, by Application

12. Competitive Landscape

  • 12.1 Heat Map Analysis By Key Players

13. Industry Landscape

  • 13.1 Overview
  • 13.2 Market Initiative
  • 13.3 Product Development
  • 13.4 Merger and Acquisition

14. Company Profiles

  • 14.1 Coupa Software Inc
    • 14.1.1 Key Facts
    • 14.1.2 Business Description
    • 14.1.3 Products and Services
    • 14.1.4 Financial Overview
    • 14.1.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 14.1.6 Key Developments
  • 14.2 International Business Machines Corp
    • 14.2.1 Key Facts
    • 14.2.2 Business Description
    • 14.2.3 Products and Services
    • 14.2.4 Financial Overview
    • 14.2.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 14.2.6 Key Developments
  • 14.3 Ivalua Inc
    • 14.3.1 Key Facts
    • 14.3.2 Business Description
    • 14.3.3 Products and Services
    • 14.3.4 Financial Overview
    • 14.3.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 14.3.6 Key Developments
  • 14.4 Lytica Inc
    • 14.4.1 Key Facts
    • 14.4.2 Business Description
    • 14.4.3 Products and Services
    • 14.4.4 Financial Overview
    • 14.4.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 14.4.6 Key Developments
  • 14.5 NB Ventures Inc
    • 14.5.1 Key Facts
    • 14.5.2 Business Description
    • 14.5.3 Products and Services
    • 14.5.4 Financial Overview
    • 14.5.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 14.5.6 Key Developments
  • 14.6 SAP SE
    • 14.6.1 Key Facts
    • 14.6.2 Business Description
    • 14.6.3 Products and Services
    • 14.6.4 Financial Overview
    • 14.6.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 14.6.6 Key Developments
  • 14.7 Scanmarket AS
    • 14.7.1 Key Facts
    • 14.7.2 Business Description
    • 14.7.3 Products and Services
    • 14.7.4 Financial Overview
    • 14.7.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 14.7.6 Key Developments
  • 14.8 Synertrade Inc
    • 14.8.1 Key Facts
    • 14.8.2 Business Description
    • 14.8.3 Products and Services
    • 14.8.4 Financial Overview
    • 14.8.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 14.8.6 Key Developments
  • 14.9 Zycus Inc
    • 14.9.1 Key Facts
    • 14.9.2 Business Description
    • 14.9.3 Products and Services
    • 14.9.4 Financial Overview
    • 14.9.5 SWOT Analysis
    • 14.9.6 Key Developments

15. Appendix

  • 15.1 Word Index

List Of Tables

  • Table 1. Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market Segmentation
  • Table 2. Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Table 3. Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million) - by Component
  • Table 4. Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million) - by Type
  • Table 5. Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million) - by Deployment
  • Table 6. Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million) - by Application
  • Table 7. North America: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million) - by Country
  • Table 8. United States: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million) - by Component
  • Table 9. United States: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million) - by Type
  • Table 10. United States: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million) - by Deployment
  • Table 11. United States: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million) - by Application
  • Table 12. Canada: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million) - by Component
  • Table 13. Canada: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million) - by Type
  • Table 14. Canada: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million) - by Deployment
  • Table 15. Canada: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million) - by Application
  • Table 16. Mexico: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million) - by Component
  • Table 17. Mexico: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million) - by Type
  • Table 18. Mexico: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million) - by Deployment
  • Table 19. Mexico: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million) - by Application
  • Table 20. Heat Map Analysis By Key Players
  • Table 21. List of Abbreviation

List Of Figures

  • Figure 1. Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market Segmentation, by Country
  • Figure 2. Ecosystem: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market
  • Figure 3. Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Key Market Dynamics
  • Figure 4. Impact Analysis of Drivers and Restraints
  • Figure 5. Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market Revenue (US$ Million), 2022-2030
  • Figure 6. Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market Share (%) - by Component (2022 and 2030)
  • Figure 7. Software: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 8. Service: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 9. Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market Share (%) - by Type (2022 and 2030)
  • Figure 10. Descriptive Analytics: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 11. Predictive Analytics: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 12. Prescriptive Analytics: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 13. Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market Share (%) - by Deployment (2022 and 2030)
  • Figure 14. On-Premise: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 15. Cloud: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 16. Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market Share (%) - by Application (2022 and 2030)
  • Figure 17. Financial Management: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 18. Risk Management: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 19. Governance and Compliance Management: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 20. Supplier Sourcing and Performance Management: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 21. Demand and Supply Forecasting: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 22. Others: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 23. Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market, by Key Countries - Revenue (2022) (US$ Million)
  • Figure 24. North America: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market Breakdown, by Key Countries, 2022 and 2030 (%)
  • Figure 25. United States: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 26. Canada: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)
  • Figure 27. Mexico: Spend Analytics for Electronics and Semiconductor Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2030 (US$ Million)