相变材料市场 - 全球产业规模、份额、趋势、机会和预测，按产品、应用、地区和竞争细分，2019-2029F

2023年全球相变材料市场价值为14.7亿美元，预计到2029年预测期内将稳定成长，复合年增长率为4.23%。可持续性。相变材料透过提高建筑物、电器和工业流程的热性能，在控制能源消耗和碳排放方面发挥关键作用。透过在高峰时段吸收多余的热量并在温度下降时释放热量，PCM 有助于维持舒适的室内环境并减少对机械加热和冷却系统的依赖，从而实现显着的节能和环境优势。

市场概况
预测期	2025-2029
2023 年市场规模	14.7亿美元
2029 年市场规模	18.9亿美元
2024-2029 年复合年增长率	4.23%
成长最快的细分市场	石蜡
最大的市场	欧洲

建筑业极大地推动了全球相变材料市场的成长。 PCM 越来越多地整合到隔热材料、墙板和屋顶材料等建筑材料中，以提高住宅、商业和工业结构的热舒适度和能源效率。透过调节室内温度并抑制透过墙壁和屋顶的热传递，相变材料有助于降低能源支出、提高居住者舒适度并促进永续建筑实践。

此外，电子和汽车产业是热管理应用中相变材料需求的主要贡献者。随着电子设备和组件不断小型化和功率密度不断提高，有效的热管理对于防止过热和确保可靠的性能至关重要。 PCM 透过吸收和散发运作过程中的多余热量，为智慧型手机、笔记型电脑和电动车等电子设备的热管理提供紧凑而高效的解决方案。太阳能和风能等再生能源的持续采用推动了热能储存应用中对相变材料的需求。相变材料用于太阳能热系统、聚光太阳能发电厂和太阳能热水器中储存和释放热能，为发电和供热目的实现高效、可靠的能源储存。

主要市场驱动因素

建筑业的成长

科技进步的激增

主要市场挑战

供应链中断

主要市场趋势

冷链物流的拓展

细分市场洞察

产品洞察

区域洞察

目录

第 1 章：产品概述

第 2 章：研究方法

第 3 章：执行摘要

第 4 章：COVID-19 对全球相变材料市场的影响

第 5 章：全球相变材料市场展望

• 市场规模及预测
  • 按价值
• 市占率及预测
  • 副产品（石蜡、盐水合物、共熔物、非石蜡、其他）
  • 按应用（建筑、暖气、通风和空调 (HVAC) 系统、储能管理、商业冷气、冷炼和包装、纺织品、其他）
  • 按地区
  • 按公司划分 (2023)
• 市场地图

第 6 章：亚太地区相变材料市场展望

• 市场规模及预测
  • 按价值
• 市占率及预测
  • 按产品分类
  • 按申请
  • 按国家/地区
• 亚太地区：国家分析
  • 中国
  • 印度
  • 澳洲
  • 日本
  • 韩国

第 7 章：欧洲相变材料市场展望

• 市场规模及预测
  • 按价值
• 市占率及预测
  • 按产品分类
  • 按申请
  • 按国家/地区
• 欧洲：国家分析
  • 法国
  • 德国
  • 西班牙
  • 义大利
  • 英国

第 8 章：北美相变材料市场展望

• 市场规模及预测
  • 按价值
• 市占率及预测
  • 按产品分类
  • 按申请
  • 按国家/地区
• 北美：国家分析
  • 美国
  • 墨西哥
  • 加拿大

第 9 章：南美洲相变材料市场展望

• 市场规模及预测
  • 按价值
• 市占率及预测
  • 按产品分类
  • 按申请
  • 按国家/地区
• 南美洲：国家分析
  • 巴西
  • 阿根廷
  • 哥伦比亚

第 10 章：中东和非洲相变材料市场展望

• 市场规模及预测
  • 按价值
• 市占率及预测
  • 按产品分类
  • 按申请
  • 按国家/地区
• MEA：国家分析
  • 南非
  • 沙乌地阿拉伯
  • 阿联酋

第 11 章：市场动态

• 司机
• 挑战

第 12 章：市场趋势与发展

• 最近的发展
• 产品发布
• 併购

第 13 章：全球相变材料市场：SWOT 分析

第 14 章：波特的五力分析

• 产业竞争
• 新进入者的潜力
• 供应商的力量
• 客户的力量
• 替代产品的威胁

第 15 章：大环境分析

第16章：竞争格局

• Henkel AG & Co. KGaA
• Honeywell International.Inc.
• Croda International Plc
• PureTemp LLC
• Laird Limited.
• Rubitherm Technologies GmbH
• PCM Products Ltd
• Climator Sweden AB
• Shin-Etsu Chemicals Co., Ltd.
• Dongguan Guo Heng plastic technology co., LTD

第 17 章：策略建议

第18章调查会社について・免责事项

Global Phase Change Materials Market was valued at USD 1.47 billion in 2023 and is anticipated to project steady growth in the forecast period with a CAGR of 4.23% through 2029. The primary drivers of the global phase change materials market stem from an increasing emphasis on energy efficiency and sustainability. PCMs play a pivotal role in curbing energy consumption and carbon emissions by enhancing the thermal performance of buildings, appliances, and industrial processes. By absorbing excess heat during peak periods and releasing it when temperatures drop, PCMs contribute to maintaining comfortable indoor environments and reducing reliance on mechanical heating and cooling systems, leading to substantial energy savings and environmental advantages.

Market Overview
Forecast Period	2025-2029
Market Size 2023	USD 1.47 Billion
Market Size 2029	USD 1.89 Billion
CAGR 2024-2029	4.23%
Fastest Growing Segment	Paraffin
Largest Market	Europe

The construction sector significantly propels the growth of the global phase change materials market. PCMs are increasingly integrated into building materials like insulation, wallboards, and roofing materials to elevate thermal comfort and energy efficiency in residential, commercial, and industrial structures. By regulating indoor temperatures and curbing heat transfer through walls and roofs, PCMs contribute to decreased energy expenses, heightened occupant comfort, and the promotion of sustainable building practices.

Also, the electronics and automotive industries are key contributors to the demand for phase change materials in thermal management applications. With the ongoing miniaturization and heightened power density of electronic devices and components, efficient thermal management is imperative to prevent overheating and ensure reliable performance. PCMs offer a compact and efficient solution for thermal management in electronic devices, such as smartphones, laptops, and electric vehicles, by absorbing and dissipating excess heat during operation. The escalating adoption of renewable energy sources like solar and wind power fuels demand for phase change materials in thermal energy storage applications. PCMs are utilized to store and release thermal energy in solar thermal systems, concentrating solar power plants, and solar water heaters, enabling efficient and dependable energy storage for electricity generation and heating purposes.

Key Market Drivers

Growth in Construction Industry

The primary factors propelling the demand for PCMs in the construction industry is the growing emphasis on energy-efficient building designs and green building standards. With increasing awareness of the environmental impact of buildings, architects, developers, and builders are seeking innovative solutions to enhance energy performance and reduce operational costs. PCMs offer a viable solution by optimizing thermal management, minimizing heating and cooling loads, and maintaining comfortable indoor temperatures year-round, aligning with the principles of sustainable building design.

Also, stringent energy efficiency regulations and building codes are driving the adoption of PCMs in construction projects worldwide. Many countries and regions have implemented stringent energy performance standards and sustainability certifications, such as LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) and BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method), which incentivize the use of energy-efficient building materials and technologies like PCMs. Compliance with these regulations and certifications requires the integration of PCMs into building envelopes, insulation systems, and HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems to improve thermal performance and reduce energy consumption.

The increasing demand for green and smart buildings is driving the integration of PCMs into building materials and systems. PCMs are incorporated into insulation, wallboards, roofing materials, and HVAC systems to enhance thermal comfort, reduce energy costs, and achieve sustainability goals. Additionally, the rise of smart building technologies and energy management systems enables real-time monitoring and control of PCM-based thermal storage systems, optimizing energy usage and maximizing efficiency in building operations.

Surge in Technological Advancements

Technological advancements have led to the development of advanced PCM formulations with tailored phase transition temperatures, improved thermal properties, and enhanced durability. These innovative formulations expand the range of applications for phase change materials and offer solutions optimized for specific temperature ranges and operating conditions.

Nanoencapsulation and microencapsulation technologies are revolutionizing the delivery and performance of phase change materials. These advanced encapsulation techniques enable the incorporation of PCM into a wide range of materials, including fabrics, building materials, and electronics, while maintaining their integrity and enhancing their thermal properties.

The integration of smart technologies such as sensors, actuators, and control systems is transforming PCM systems into intelligent solutions for thermal management. Smart PCM systems can dynamically adjust phase change temperatures, optimize energy storage and release, and respond to changing environmental conditions, offering enhanced flexibility and efficiency in various applications.

Technological advancements are driving the integration of phase change materials into building materials such as concrete, insulation, and roofing materials. PCM-enhanced building materials offer superior thermal performance, reduce energy consumption for heating and cooling, and contribute to sustainable building designs that prioritize energy efficiency and occupant comfort.

Key Market Challenges

Disruptions in Supply Chain

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated disruptions in the PCM supply chain, causing supply shortages, production delays, and logistical challenges. The pandemic-induced lockdowns, travel restrictions, and labor shortages have disrupted manufacturing operations, raw material sourcing, and transportation networks, leading to supply chain bottlenecks and disruptions. As a result, manufacturers and end-users of PCMs have faced challenges in sourcing raw materials, fulfilling orders, and meeting project deadlines.

PCMs are manufactured using a variety of raw materials, including paraffins, fatty acids, bio-based materials, and inorganic salts. Disruptions in the supply chain for these raw materials, such as shortages, price volatility, and supply constraints, can impact PCM production and availability. Fluctuations in raw material prices and availability can affect production costs, profit margins, and pricing strategies for PCM manufacturers, influencing market dynamics and competitiveness.

The transportation and logistics sector plays a crucial role in the PCM supply chain, facilitating the movement of raw materials, intermediate products, and finished goods across regions and countries. However, disruptions in transportation networks, port closures, customs delays, and freight capacity constraints can impede the timely delivery of PCM products to customers. Logistical challenges and transportation delays increase lead times, affect inventory management, and disrupt supply chain operations, posing challenges for PCM manufacturers and end-users.

Key Market Trends

Expansion of Cold Chain Logistics

The growing demand for temperature-sensitive products, including perishable food items, vaccines, biologics, and specialty chemicals, is driving the need for reliable cold chain logistics solutions. PCM-based technologies offer an effective means of maintaining the required temperature range throughout the supply chain, ensuring product quality and compliance with regulatory standards.

The food and beverage industry is experiencing a heightened focus on food safety, quality, and shelf-life extension. PCM solutions play a critical role in preserving the freshness, nutritional value, and sensory attributes of perishable foods by preventing temperature fluctuations during storage and transportation.

The pharmaceutical industry relies heavily on cold chain logistics to maintain the efficacy and stability of temperature-sensitive drugs and vaccines. PCM-based thermal packaging solutions are increasingly adopted to ensure the integrity of pharmaceutical products during transit, especially in regions with challenging environmental conditions.

PCM technologies are gaining traction due to their environmental benefits, including energy efficiency and reduced carbon footprint. PCM-based cold chain solutions offer a sustainable alternative to traditional refrigeration systems, leading to lower energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.

Ongoing advancements in PCM formulations, packaging designs, and application methods are driving innovation in the market. Manufacturers are developing new PCM products with enhanced thermal properties, improved durability, and compatibility with various packaging materials, thereby expanding their applicability in cold chain logistics.

Segmental Insights

Product Insights

Based on the category of product, the paraffin segment emerged as the dominant player in the global market for phase change materials in 2023. Paraffin exhibits excellent thermal stability over a wide temperature range, making it suitable for various applications requiring precise temperature control. Its stable phase change characteristics ensure reliable thermal energy storage and release, contributing to its dominance in the PCM market.

Paraffin-based PCMs have a high latent heat storage capacity, meaning they can absorb and release large amounts of thermal energy during phase transitions. This high heat storage capacity makes paraffin an efficient and effective material for storing thermal energy in applications such as building insulation, HVAC systems, and solar thermal energy storage.

Paraffin is a relatively low-cost material compared to other PCM options, making it a cost-effective choice for various applications. Its affordability makes it an attractive option for large-scale deployment in commercial and industrial projects, driving its dominance in the PCM market.

Regional Insights

Europe emerged as the dominant region in the Global Phase Change Materials Market in 2023, holding the largest market share in terms of value. Europe has been at the forefront of implementing stringent building energy efficiency regulations and standards to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions in the construction sector. PCMs are widely used in building materials such as insulation, wallboards, and roofing systems to improve thermal comfort and energy efficiency in buildings. The strong emphasis on energy-efficient building design and construction has driven the demand for PCMs in Europe, making it a dominant market for PCM applications in the construction industry.

European governments have implemented supportive policies, incentives, and funding programs to promote the adoption of renewable energy technologies and energy-efficient solutions, including PCMs. Programs such as the European Union's Horizon 2020 initiative, the Energy Efficiency Directive, and national building codes incentivize the use of PCM-enhanced building materials and energy storage systems in residential, commercial, and institutional buildings. These policies create a favorable regulatory environment and drive market growth for PCMs in Europe.

Europe boasts a robust research and development infrastructure with leading academic institutions, research centers, and industry collaborations focused on PCM technologies. European research initiatives such as the European Technology Platform on Renewable Heating and Cooling (RHC-Platform) and the European Energy Research Alliance (EERA) support collaborative research, innovation, and knowledge exchange in the field of PCMs. The region's strong R&D capabilities drive technological advancements, product innovation, and market leadership in PCM applications across various sectors.

Key Market Players

Henkel AG & Co. KGaA

Honeywell International.Inc.

Croda International Plc

PureTemp LLC

Laird Limited

Rubitherm Technologies GmbH

PCM Products Ltd

Climator Sweden AB

Shin-Etsu Chemicals Co., Ltd.

Dongguan Guo Heng plastic technology co., LTD

Report Scope:

In this report, the Global Phase Change Materials Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

Phase Change Materials Market, By Product:

Paraffin Salt Hydrates Eutectics Non-Paraffin Others

Phase Change Materials Market, By Application:

Building and Construction Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Systems Energy Storage Management Commercial Refrigeration Cold Chain and Packaging Textiles Others

Phase Change Materials Market, By Region:

North America

United States

Canada

Mexico

Europe

France

United Kingdom

Italy

Germany

Spain

Asia Pacific

China

India

Japan

Australia

South Korea

South America

Brazil

Argentina

Colombia

Middle East & Africa

South Africa

Saudi Arabia

UAE

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Phase Change Materials Market.

Available Customizations:

Global Phase Change Materials Market report with the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

Company Information

Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).

Table of Contents

1. Product Overview

• 1.1. Market Definition
• 1.2. Scope of the Market
  • 1.2.1. Markets Covered
  • 1.2.2. Years Considered for Study
  • 1.2.3. Key Market Segmentations

2. Research Methodology

• 2.1. Objective of the Study
• 2.2. Baseline Methodology
• 2.3. Key Industry Partners
• 2.4. Major Association and Secondary Sources
• 2.5. Forecasting Methodology
• 2.6. Data Triangulation & Validation
• 2.7. Assumptions and Limitations

3. Executive Summary

• 3.1. Overview of the Market
• 3.2. Overview of Key Market Segmentations
• 3.3. Overview of Key Market Players
• 3.4. Overview of Key Regions/Countries
• 3.5. Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, Trends

4. Impact of COVID-19 on Global Phase Change Materials Market

5. Global Phase Change Materials Market Outlook

• 5.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 5.1.1. By Value
• 5.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 5.2.1. By Product (Paraffin, Salt Hydrates, Eutectics, Non-Paraffin, Others)
  • 5.2.2. By Application (Building and Construction, Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Systems, Energy Storage Management, Commercial Refrigeration, Cold Chain and Packaging, Textiles, Others)
  • 5.2.3. By Region
  • 5.2.4. By Company (2023)
• 5.3. Market Map

6. Asia Pacific Phase Change Materials Market Outlook

• 6.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 6.1.1. By Value
• 6.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 6.2.1. By Product
  • 6.2.2. By Application
  • 6.2.3. By Country
• 6.3. Asia Pacific: Country Analysis
  • 6.3.1. China Phase Change Materials Market Outlook
    • 6.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 6.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 6.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 6.3.1.2.1. By Product
      • 6.3.1.2.2. By Application
  • 6.3.2. India Phase Change Materials Market Outlook
    • 6.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 6.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 6.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 6.3.2.2.1. By Product
      • 6.3.2.2.2. By Application
  • 6.3.3. Australia Phase Change Materials Market Outlook
    • 6.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 6.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 6.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 6.3.3.2.1. By Product
      • 6.3.3.2.2. By Application
  • 6.3.4. Japan Phase Change Materials Market Outlook
    • 6.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 6.3.4.1.1. By Value
    • 6.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 6.3.4.2.1. By Product
      • 6.3.4.2.2. By Application
  • 6.3.5. South Korea Phase Change Materials Market Outlook
    • 6.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 6.3.5.1.1. By Value
    • 6.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 6.3.5.2.1. By Product
      • 6.3.5.2.2. By Application

7. Europe Phase Change Materials Market Outlook

• 7.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 7.1.1. By Value
• 7.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 7.2.1. By Product
  • 7.2.2. By Application
  • 7.2.3. By Country
• 7.3. Europe: Country Analysis
  • 7.3.1. France Phase Change Materials Market Outlook
    • 7.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.1.2.1. By Product
      • 7.3.1.2.2. By Application
  • 7.3.2. Germany Phase Change Materials Market Outlook
    • 7.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.2.2.1. By Product
      • 7.3.2.2.2. By Application
  • 7.3.3. Spain Phase Change Materials Market Outlook
    • 7.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.3.2.1. By Product
      • 7.3.3.2.2. By Application
  • 7.3.4. Italy Phase Change Materials Market Outlook
    • 7.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.4.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.4.2.1. By Product
      • 7.3.4.2.2. By Application
  • 7.3.5. United Kingdom Phase Change Materials Market Outlook
    • 7.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.5.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.5.2.1. By Product
      • 7.3.5.2.2. By Application

8. North America Phase Change Materials Market Outlook

• 8.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 8.1.1. By Value
• 8.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 8.2.1. By Product
  • 8.2.2. By Application
  • 8.2.3. By Country
• 8.3. North America: Country Analysis
  • 8.3.1. United States Phase Change Materials Market Outlook
    • 8.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.1.2.1. By Product
      • 8.3.1.2.2. By Application
  • 8.3.2. Mexico Phase Change Materials Market Outlook
    • 8.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.2.2.1. By Product
      • 8.3.2.2.2. By Application
  • 8.3.3. Canada Phase Change Materials Market Outlook
    • 8.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.3.2.1. By Product
      • 8.3.3.2.2. By Application

9. South America Phase Change Materials Market Outlook

• 9.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 9.1.1. By Value
• 9.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 9.2.1. By Product
  • 9.2.2. By Application
  • 9.2.3. By Country
• 9.3. South America: Country Analysis
  • 9.3.1. Brazil Phase Change Materials Market Outlook
    • 9.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 9.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 9.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 9.3.1.2.1. By Product
      • 9.3.1.2.2. By Application
  • 9.3.2. Argentina Phase Change Materials Market Outlook
    • 9.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 9.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 9.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 9.3.2.2.1. By Product
      • 9.3.2.2.2. By Application
  • 9.3.3. Colombia Phase Change Materials Market Outlook
    • 9.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 9.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 9.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 9.3.3.2.1. By Product
      • 9.3.3.2.2. By Application

10. Middle East and Africa Phase Change Materials Market Outlook

• 10.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 10.1.1. By Value
• 10.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 10.2.1. By Product
  • 10.2.2. By Application
  • 10.2.3. By Country
• 10.3. MEA: Country Analysis
  • 10.3.1. South Africa Phase Change Materials Market Outlook
    • 10.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 10.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 10.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 10.3.1.2.1. By Product
      • 10.3.1.2.2. By Application
  • 10.3.2. Saudi Arabia Phase Change Materials Market Outlook
    • 10.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 10.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 10.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 10.3.2.2.1. By Product
      • 10.3.2.2.2. By Application
  • 10.3.3. UAE Phase Change Materials Market Outlook
    • 10.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 10.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 10.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 10.3.3.2.1. By Product
      • 10.3.3.2.2. By Application

11. Market Dynamics

• 11.1. Drivers
• 11.2. Challenges

12. Market Trends & Developments

• 12.1. Recent Developments
• 12.2. Product Launches
• 12.3. Mergers & Acquisitions

13. Global Phase Change Materials Market: SWOT Analysis

14. Porter's Five Forces Analysis

• 14.1. Competition in the Industry
• 14.2. Potential of New Entrants
• 14.3. Power of Suppliers
• 14.4. Power of Customers
• 14.5. Threat of Substitute Product

15. PESTLE Analysis

16. Competitive Landscape

• 16.1. Henkel AG & Co. KGaA
  • 16.1.1. Business Overview
  • 16.1.2. Company Snapshot
  • 16.1.3. Products & Services
  • 16.1.4. Financials (As Reported)
  • 16.1.5. Recent Developments
• 16.2. Honeywell International.Inc.
• 16.3. Croda International Plc
• 16.4. PureTemp LLC
• 16.5. Laird Limited.
• 16.6. Rubitherm Technologies GmbH
• 16.7. PCM Products Ltd
• 16.8. Climator Sweden AB
• 16.9. Shin-Etsu Chemicals Co., Ltd.
• 16.10. Dongguan Guo Heng plastic technology co., LTD

17. Strategic Recommendations

18. About Us & Disclaimer