查看购物车
  • Traditional Chinese
  • English
  • Japanese
  • Korean
生物防治的全球市场 (2018年～2028年):各活性物质 (微生物、昆虫病原性线虫、Macrobials、其他)、作物类型、对象害虫、适用法、地区的趋势分析、竞争市场占有率、预测
市场调查报告书
商品编码
1134234

生物防治的全球市场 (2018年～2028年):各活性物质 (微生物、昆虫病原性线虫、Macrobials、其他)、作物类型、对象害虫、适用法、地区的趋势分析、竞争市场占有率、预测

Global Biocontrol Market, by Active Substance (Microbials, Entomopathogenic Nematodes, Macrobials, And Others); Crop Type ; Target Pest ; Application, Region Trend Analysis, Competitive Market Share & Forecast, 2018-2028
出版日期: | 出版商: Blueweave Consulting | 英文 210 Pages | 商品交期: 2-3个工作天内

价格
简介目录

全球生物防治的市场规模从2022年到2028年的预测期间内预计以14.8％的年复合成长率成长。

世界人口增加，粮食需求增加，生物防治产品的取得及利用的容易度等要素促进该市场的成长。

本报告提供全球生物防治的市场调查，市场概要，市场成长的各种影响因素分析，技术趋势，法律制度，市场规模的变化、预测，各种区分、各地区/主要国家的明细，竞争环境，主要企业简介等彙整资讯。

。

目录

第1章 调查架构

第2章 摘要整理

第3章 全球生物防治市场洞察

  • 产业价值链分析
  • DROC分析
    • 促进因素
    • 阻碍因素
    • 机会
    • 课题
  • 技术的进步/最近的开发
  • 法律规范
  • 波特的五力分析

第4章 全球生物防治市场:概要

  • 市场规模、预测
  • 市场占有率、预测
    • 各活性物质
      • 微生物
      • 细菌
      • 菌类
      • 病毒
      • 原生动物
      • 酵母
      • 昆虫病原性线虫
      • Macrobials
      • 其他
    • 各作物类型
      • 蔬菜、水果
      • 豆类、油
      • 谷物
      • 其他
    • 各对象害虫
      • 杂草
      • 微生物
      • 节肢动物
    • 各适用法
      • 种子处理
      • 收穫后
      • 土壤
    • 各地区
      • 北美
      • 欧洲
      • 亚太地区
      • 南美
      • 中东、非洲

第5章 北美的生物防治市场

  • 市场规模、预测
  • 市场占有率、预测
    • 各活性物质
    • 各作物类型
    • 各对象害虫
    • 各适用法
    • 各国

第6章 欧洲的生物防治市场

  • 市场规模、预测
  • 市场占有率、预测
    • 各活性物质
    • 各作物类型
    • 各对象害虫
    • 各适用法
    • 各国

第7章 亚太地区的生物防治市场

  • 市场规模、预测
  • 市场占有率、预测
    • 各活性物质
    • 各作物类型
    • 各对象害虫
    • 各适用法
    • 各国

第8章 南美的生物防治市场

  • 市场规模、预测
  • 市场占有率、预测
    • 各活性物质
    • 各作物类型
    • 各对象害虫
    • 各适用法
    • 各国

第9章 中东、非洲的生物防治市场

  • 市场规模、预测
  • 市场占有率、预测
    • 各活性物质
    • 各作物类型
    • 各对象害虫
    • 各适用法
    • 各国

第10章 竞争情形

  • 主要企业、产品的清单
  • 企业占有率分析
  • 各竞争基准:经营参数
  • 主要的策略性展开 (M&A、联盟等)

第11章 COVID-19:对全球生物防治市场的影响

第12章 企业简介 (公司概要、财务矩阵、竞争情形、主要人力资源、主要的竞争对手、联络处、策略性展望)

  • BASF SE
  • Syngenta Ag
  • Cropscience Bayer Ag
  • Biobest N.V.
  • Novozymes
  • Koppert Biological Systems
  • Andermatt Biocontrol AG
  • Valent Bioscience Ag.
  • Bayer CropScience AG
  • Advanced Biological Marketing
  • Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc.
  • Monsanto Company Inc.
  • Certis
  • Andermatt Biocontrol AG
  • 其他的主要企业

第13章 主要策略性建议

第14章 调查手法

简介目录
Product Code: BWC22388

Global Biocontrol Market to Grow at a CAGR of 14.8% during Forecast Period

The Global Biocontrol market is growing at a high CAGR owing to the increasing world population and the rising demand for food. In addition, accessibility and availability of biocontrol products are driving market growth.

A recent study by the strategic consulting and market research firm, BlueWeave Consulting, revealed that the Global Biocontrol market is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 14.8% during the forecast period 2022-2028. The Global Biocontrol market is booming due to the increasing world population and the rising demand for food. In addition, accessibility and availability of biocontrol products are driving the market. However, slow response time to control the pest may act as a huge restraining factor for the market growth in upcoming years.

Increasing Population Coupled with Accessibility and Availability of Biocontrol Product Anticipated to Drive Market Growth

According to a recent demographics study, there will be an increase in the number of people globally by around 2 billion by the year 2050. Population growth is occurring all over the world, and the existing population of 7.7 billion equals a total population of 9.7 billion. As a result of the demand for food from these individuals, governments will take steps to prioritize food security. Additionally, compared to other synthetic agrochemicals, biocontrol agents are safe for the environment, have no adverse effects on humans, and are effective all year, making them an ideal choice and thereby driving the market.

Elements like accessibility and availability are driving the market for biocontrol agents. Since biocontrol agents are affordable and effective all year round compared to other chemicals like herbicides and insecticides, their use will undoubtedly increase in the years to come. Growing awareness of food contamination caused by various contaminants is boosting the demand for biocontrol agents. Due to their lower cost than pesticides, biocontrol agents are becoming more and more popular, which is fostering the market's expansion.

Slow Response Time to Control the Pest is the key Challenge in the Operation of Biocontrol in the Industry.

The challenge facing the biocontrol market is slow response time to control the pest as parasitized organisms may take several days to perish, and it takes time for predators to reach a level of economic pest eradication. The biological agents must be used over an extended period of time in order to have any effect on a pest population; in contrast, insecticides operate quickly. The benefit of this is the lasting impact that biological regulation has. Compared to the majority of chemical pesticides, these pest management measures take longer to reduce the population. Even if biocontrol product is less expensive in the long term, establishing a biological control system is expensive. All these factors collectively act as a challenge for the biocontrol market.

On-Field Category Had the Biggest Market Share in Global Biocontrol Application Segment

The market for biocontrol agents is divided based on applications into seed treatment, post-harvest, and on-field. Due to the removal of some chemical pesticides and the safety of on-field spraying, which is how most farmers utilize biocontrol agents to boost crop output, the on-field category had the biggest market share. The seed treatment category held the second-largest market share, as they function as a bio stimulant, reduce biotic stress, and combat plant diseases, increasing agricultural production. By the end of 2017, there were over 2.9 million organic producers worldwide and 69.8 million hectares of organic farming, according to IFOAM (The International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements) and FIBL (Research Institute of Organic Agriculture). This demonstrates an increase in organic farming in the area. These products are in extremely high demand from organic farmers, and this pattern is anticipated to increase demand for biocontrol treatments for on-field use in upcoming years too.

Europe Has Been Expanding Significantly In The Global Biocontrol Market After The Implementation of the European Commission's (EC)

North America catered the major share of the global biocontrol market due to farmers' wide acceptance and awareness of biocontrol products. The European Biocontrol agents market has been expanding significantly after the European Commission's (EC) implementation. The highest demand share in Europe is highly associated with growing awareness of chemical hazards to the environment and humans and consumer's preference towards organic products. Additionally, Europe has several high-quality product manufacturers, such as Syngenta, Biobest, BASF SE, Koppert biological systems, etc., catering to the regional demand. Some key growth drivers for the market include safer and sustainable crop protection technologies and political and societal pressure for greener practices. Due to the existence of several farmers, Germany, Spain, France, the U.K., and Spain will hold a substantial market share across the European region.

Impact of COVID-19 on Global Biocontrol Market

Farmers' pest management techniques for inundative biological control rely on routine introductions of advantageous insects and mites, living animals with limited shelf life. Rapid border crossing and efficient logistics are necessary for the logistics to supply these animals. During COVID-19, logistics were disrupted by a lack of staff, resulting in some shortages and delays. Prior to the approval of any plant protection products (PPP), the authorization procedure is typically drawn out and necessitates numerous interactions between the producer and national regulatory agencies. Following the adoption of Regulation 1107/2009/EEC on the marketing of PPPs, holds in the EU (European Commission, 2009b). The COVID-19 pandemic slowed down regulatory processes, which led to losses as a result of delayed crop protection operations brought on by workforce scarcity.

Competitive Landscape

Key players operating in the Global Biocontrol market are BASF SE, Syngenta Ag, Cropscience Bayer Ag, Biobest N.V., Novozymes, Koppert Biological Systems, Andermatt Biocontrol AG, Valent Bioscience Ag., Bayer CropScience AG, Advanced Biological Marketing, Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc., Monsanto Company Inc., Certis, Andermatt Biocontrol AG, and other prominent players. The Global Biocontrol market is fragmented due to the easy product registration and low capital investment, making it easy for new entrants to enter the market.

Don't miss the business opportunity in the Global Biocontrol market. Consult our analysts to gain crucial insights and facilitate your business growth.

The report's in-depth analysis provides information about growth potential, upcoming trends, and statistics of the Global Biocontrol market. It also highlights the factors driving forecasts of total market size. The report promises to provide recent technology trends in the Global Biocontrol market and industry insights to help decision-makers make sound strategic decisions. Furthermore, the report also analyzes the market's growth drivers, challenges, and competitive dynamics.

Table of Contents

1. Research Framework

  • 1.1. Research Objective
  • 1.2. Type Overview
  • 1.3. Market Segmentation

2. Executive Summary

3. Global Biocontrol Market Insights

  • 3.1. Industry Value Chain Analysis
  • 3.2. DROC Analysis
    • 3.2.1. Growth Drivers
      • 3.2.1.1. Rising Trend of Organic Farming
      • 3.2.1.2. Increasing Focus on Sustainable Farming Coupled with Stringent Regulation against Chemical Agents
    • 3.2.2. Restraints
      • 3.2.2.1. Lack Of Awareness about Biocontrol Agents
    • 3.2.3. Opportunity
      • 3.2.3.1. Loss of Fertility of Soil due to Harmful Impact of Chemical Agents
    • 3.2.4. Challenges
      • 3.2.4.1. Slow Response Time To Control The Pest
  • 3.3. Technological Advancement/Recent Development
  • 3.4. Regulatory Framework
  • 3.5. Porter's Five Forces Analysis
    • 3.5.1. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
    • 3.5.2. Bargaining Power of Buyers
    • 3.5.3. Threat of New Entrants
    • 3.5.4. Threat of Substitutes
    • 3.5.5. Intensity of Rivalry

4. Global Biocontrol Market Overview

  • 4.1. Market Size & Forecast by Value, 2018-2028
    • 4.1.1. By Value (USD Billion)
  • 4.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 4.2.1. By Active Substance
      • 4.2.1.1. Microbials
      • 4.2.1.1.1. Bacteria
      • 4.2.1.1.2. Fungi
      • 4.2.1.1.3. Virus
      • 4.2.1.1.4. Protozoa
      • 4.2.1.1.5. Yeasts
      • 4.2.1.2. Entomopathogenic Nematodes
      • 4.2.1.3. Macrobials
      • 4.2.1.4. Others
    • 4.2.2. By Crop Type
      • 4.2.2.1. Vegetables & Fruits
      • 4.2.2.2. Pulses & Oils
      • 4.2.2.3. Cereals & Grains
      • 4.2.2.4. Others
    • 4.2.3. By Target Pest
      • 4.2.3.1. Weeds
      • 4.2.3.2. Micro Organisms
      • 4.2.3.3. Arthropods
    • 4.2.4. By Application
      • 4.2.4.1. Seed Treatment
      • 4.2.4.2. Post-Harvest
      • 4.2.4.3. On-Field
    • 4.2.5. By Region
      • 4.2.5.1. North America
      • 4.2.5.2. Europe
      • 4.2.5.3. Asia Pacific
      • 4.2.5.4. Latin America
      • 4.2.5.5. Middle East and Africa

5. North America Biocontrol Market

    • 5.1.1. Market Size & Forecast by Value, 2018-2028
    • 5.1.2. By Value (USD Billion)
  • 5.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 5.2.1. By Active Substance
    • 5.2.2. By Crop Type
    • 5.2.3. By Target Pest
    • 5.2.4. By Application
    • 5.2.5. By Country
      • 5.2.5.1. United States
      • 5.2.5.1.1. By Active Substance
      • 5.2.5.1.2. By Crop Type
      • 5.2.5.1.3. By Target Pest
      • 5.2.5.1.4. By Application
      • 5.2.5.2. Canada
      • 5.2.5.2.1. By Active Substance
      • 5.2.5.2.2. By Crop Type
      • 5.2.5.2.3. By Target Pest
      • 5.2.5.2.4. By Application

6. Europe Biocontrol Market

  • 6.1. Market Size & Forecast by Value, 2018-2028
    • 6.1.1. By Value (USD Billion)
  • 6.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 6.2.1. By Active Substance
    • 6.2.2. By Crop Type
    • 6.2.3. By Target Pest
    • 6.2.4. By Application
    • 6.2.5. By Country
      • 6.2.5.1. Germany
      • 6.2.5.1.1. By Active Substance
      • 6.2.5.1.2. By Crop Type
      • 6.2.5.1.3. By Target Pest
      • 6.2.5.1.4. By Application
      • 6.2.5.2. United Kingdom
      • 6.2.5.2.1. By Active Substance
      • 6.2.5.2.2. By Crop Type
      • 6.2.5.2.3. By Target Pest
      • 6.2.5.2.4. By Application
      • 6.2.5.3. Italy
      • 6.2.5.3.1. By Active Substance
      • 6.2.5.3.2. By Crop Type
      • 6.2.5.3.3. By Target Pest
      • 6.2.5.3.4. By Application
      • 6.2.5.4. France
      • 6.2.5.4.1. By Active Substance
      • 6.2.5.4.2. By Crop Type
      • 6.2.5.4.3. By Target Pest
      • 6.2.5.4.4. By Application
      • 6.2.5.5. Spain
      • 6.2.5.5.1. By Active Substance
      • 6.2.5.5.2. By Crop Type
      • 6.2.5.5.3. By Target Pest
      • 6.2.5.5.4. By Application
      • 6.2.5.6. The Netherlands
      • 6.2.5.6.1. By Active Substance
      • 6.2.5.6.2. By Crop Type
      • 6.2.5.6.3. By Target Pest
      • 6.2.5.6.4. By Application
      • 6.2.5.7. Belgium
      • 6.2.5.7.1. By Active Substance
      • 6.2.5.7.2. By Crop Type
      • 6.2.5.7.3. By Target Pest
      • 6.2.5.7.4. By Application
      • 6.2.5.8. NORDIC Countries
      • 6.2.5.8.1. By Active Substance
      • 6.2.5.8.2. By Crop Type
      • 6.2.5.8.3. By Target Pest
      • 6.2.5.8.4. By Application
      • 6.2.5.9. Rest of Europe
      • 6.2.5.9.1. By Active Substance
      • 6.2.5.9.2. By Crop Type
      • 6.2.5.9.3. By Target Pest
      • 6.2.5.9.4. By Application

7. Asia Pacific Biocontrol Market

  • 7.1. Market Size & Forecast by Value, 2018-2028
    • 7.1.1. By Value (USD Billion)
  • 7.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 7.2.1. By Active Substance
    • 7.2.2. By Crop Type
    • 7.2.3. By Target Pest
    • 7.2.4. By Application
    • 7.2.5. By Country
      • 7.2.5.1. China
      • 7.2.5.1.1. By Active Substance
      • 7.2.5.1.2. By Crop Type
      • 7.2.5.1.3. By Target Pest
      • 7.2.5.1.4. By Application
      • 7.2.5.2. India
      • 7.2.5.2.1. By Active Substance
      • 7.2.5.2.2. By Crop Type
      • 7.2.5.2.3. By Target Pest
      • 7.2.5.2.4. By Application
      • 7.2.5.3. Japan
      • 7.2.5.3.1. By Active Substance
      • 7.2.5.3.2. By Crop Type
      • 7.2.5.3.3. By Target Pest
      • 7.2.5.3.4. By Application
      • 7.2.5.4. South Korea
      • 7.2.5.4.1. By Active Substance
      • 7.2.5.4.2. By Crop Type
      • 7.2.5.4.3. By Target Pest
      • 7.2.5.4.4. By Application
      • 7.2.5.5. Australia & New Zealand
      • 7.2.5.5.1. By Active Substance
      • 7.2.5.5.2. By Crop Type
      • 7.2.5.5.3. By Target Pest
      • 7.2.5.5.4. By Application
      • 7.2.5.6. Indonesia
      • 7.2.5.6.1. By Active Substance
      • 7.2.5.6.2. By Crop Type
      • 7.2.5.6.3. By Target Pest
      • 7.2.5.6.4. By Application
      • 7.2.5.7. Malaysia
      • 7.2.5.7.1. By Active Substance
      • 7.2.5.7.2. By Crop Type
      • 7.2.5.7.3. By Target Pest
      • 7.2.5.7.4. By Application
      • 7.2.5.8. Singapore
      • 7.2.5.8.1. By Active Substance
      • 7.2.5.8.2. By Crop Type
      • 7.2.5.8.3. By Target Pest
      • 7.2.5.8.4. By Application
      • 7.2.5.9. Philippines
      • 7.2.5.9.1. By Active Substance
      • 7.2.5.9.2. By Crop Type
      • 7.2.5.9.3. By Target Pest
      • 7.2.5.9.4. By Application
      • 7.2.5.10. Vietnam
      • 7.2.5.10.1. By Active Substance
      • 7.2.5.10.2. By Crop Type
      • 7.2.5.10.3. By Target Pest
      • 7.2.5.10.4. By Application
      • 7.2.5.11. Rest of Asia Pacific
      • 7.2.5.11.1. By Active Substance
      • 7.2.5.11.2. By Crop Type
      • 7.2.5.11.3. By Target Pest
      • 7.2.5.11.4. By Application

8. Latin America Biocontrol Market

  • 8.1. Market Size & Forecast by Value, 2018-2028
    • 8.1.1. By Value (USD Billion)
  • 8.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 8.2.1. By Active Substance
    • 8.2.2. By Crop Type
    • 8.2.3. By Target Pest
    • 8.2.4. By Application
    • 8.2.5. By Country
      • 8.2.5.1. Brazil
      • 8.2.5.1.1. By Active Substance
      • 8.2.5.1.2. By Crop Type
      • 8.2.5.1.3. By Target Pest
      • 8.2.5.1.4. By Application
      • 8.2.5.2. Mexico
      • 8.2.5.2.1. By Active Substance
      • 8.2.5.2.2. By Crop Type
      • 8.2.5.2.3. By Target Pest
      • 8.2.5.2.4. By Application
      • 8.2.5.3. Argentina
      • 8.2.5.3.1. By Active Substance
      • 8.2.5.3.2. By Crop Type
      • 8.2.5.3.3. By Target Pest
      • 8.2.5.3.4. By Application
      • 8.2.5.4. Peru
      • 8.2.5.4.1. By Active Substance
      • 8.2.5.4.2. By Crop Type
      • 8.2.5.4.3. By Target Pest
      • 8.2.5.4.4. By Application
      • 8.2.5.5. Colombia
      • 8.2.5.5.1. By Active Substance
      • 8.2.5.5.2. By Crop Type
      • 8.2.5.5.3. By Target Pest
      • 8.2.5.5.4. By Application
      • 8.2.5.6. Rest of Latin America
      • 8.2.5.6.1. By Active Substance
      • 8.2.5.6.2. By Crop Type
      • 8.2.5.6.3. By Target Pest
      • 8.2.5.6.4. By Application

9. Middle East & Africa Biocontrol Market

  • 9.1. Market Size & Forecast by Value, 2018-2028
    • 9.1.1. By Value (USD Billion)
  • 9.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 9.2.1. By Active Substance
    • 9.2.2. By Crop Type
    • 9.2.3. By Target Pest
    • 9.2.4. By Application
    • 9.2.5. By Country
      • 9.2.5.1. Saudi Arabia
      • 9.2.5.1.1. By Active Substance
      • 9.2.5.1.2. By Crop Type
      • 9.2.5.1.3. By Target Pest
      • 9.2.5.1.4. By Application
      • 9.2.5.2. UAE
      • 9.2.5.2.1. By Active Substance
      • 9.2.5.2.2. By Crop Type
      • 9.2.5.2.3. By Target Pest
      • 9.2.5.2.4. By Application
      • 9.2.5.3. Qatar
      • 9.2.5.3.1. By Active Substance
      • 9.2.5.3.2. By Crop Type
      • 9.2.5.3.3. By Target Pest
      • 9.2.5.3.4. By Application
      • 9.2.5.4. Kuwait
      • 9.2.5.4.1. By Active Substance
      • 9.2.5.4.2. By Crop Type
      • 9.2.5.4.3. By Target Pest
      • 9.2.5.4.4. By Application
      • 9.2.5.5. Iran
      • 9.2.5.5.1. By Active Substance
      • 9.2.5.5.2. By Crop Type
      • 9.2.5.5.3. By Target Pest
      • 9.2.5.5.4. By Application
      • 9.2.5.6. South Africa
      • 9.2.5.6.1. By Active Substance
      • 9.2.5.6.2. By Crop Type
      • 9.2.5.6.3. By Target Pest
      • 9.2.5.6.4. By Application
      • 9.2.5.7. Nigeria
      • 9.2.5.7.1. By Active Substance
      • 9.2.5.7.2. By Crop Type
      • 9.2.5.7.3. By Target Pest
      • 9.2.5.7.4. By Application
      • 9.2.5.8. Kenya
      • 9.2.5.8.1. By Active Substance
      • 9.2.5.8.2. By Crop Type
      • 9.2.5.8.3. By Target Pest
      • 9.2.5.8.4. By Application
      • 9.2.5.9. Egypt
      • 9.2.5.9.1. By Active Substance
      • 9.2.5.9.2. By Crop Type
      • 9.2.5.9.3. By Target Pest
      • 9.2.5.9.4. By Application
      • 9.2.5.10. Morocco
      • 9.2.5.10.1. By Active Substance
      • 9.2.5.10.2. By Crop Type
      • 9.2.5.10.3. By Target Pest
      • 9.2.5.10.4. By Application
      • 9.2.5.11. Algeria
      • 9.2.5.11.1. By Active Substance
      • 9.2.5.11.2. By Crop Type
      • 9.2.5.11.3. By Target Pest
      • 9.2.5.11.4. By Application
      • 9.2.5.12. Rest of Middle East & Africa
      • 9.2.5.12.1. By Active Substance
      • 9.2.5.12.2. By Crop Type
      • 9.2.5.12.3. By Target Pest
      • 9.2.5.12.4. By Application

10. Competitive Landscape

  • 10.1. List of Key Players and Their Offerings
  • 10.2. Global Biocontrol Company Market Share Analysis, 2021
  • 10.3. Competitive Benchmarking, By Operating Parameters
  • 10.4. Key Strategic Developments (Mergers, Acquisitions, Partnerships)

11. Impact of Covid-19 on Global Biocontrol Market Industry

12. Company Profile (Company Overview, Financial Matrix, Competitive landscape, Key Personnel, Key Competitors, Contact Address, and Strategic Outlook)

  • 12.1. BASF SE
  • 12.2. Syngenta Ag
  • 12.3. Cropscience Bayer Ag
  • 12.4. Biobest N.V.
  • 12.5. Novozymes
  • 12.6. Koppert Biological Systems
  • 12.7. Andermatt Biocontrol AG
  • 12.8. Valent Bioscience Ag.
  • 12.9. Bayer CropScience AG
  • 12.10. Advanced Biological Marketing
  • 12.11. Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc.
  • 12.12. Monsanto Company Inc.
  • 12.13. Certis
  • 12.14. Andermatt Biocontrol AG
  • 12.15. Other Prominent Players

13. Key Strategic Recommendations

14. Research Methodology

  • 14.1. Qualitative Research
    • 14.1.1. Primary & Secondary Research
  • 14.2. Quantitative Research
  • 14.3. Market Breakdown & Data Triangulation
    • 14.3.1. Secondary Research
    • 14.3.2. Primary Research
  • 14.4. Breakdown of Primary Research Respondents, By Region
  • 14.5. Assumptions & Limitations