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全球电动车电池隔膜市场:预测(2024-2029)EV Battery Separator Market - Forecasts from 2024 to 2029 |
全球电动车电池隔膜市场规模预计在预测期内(2024-2029年)复合年增长率将超过17.45%。
电池由两个电极组成:阳极和阴极。阳极和阴极是彼此相对放置的两个薄条,由称为隔板的间隔物隔开。隔板被电解浸出,使得在充电期间,电解促进离子从正极到负极的通道,并在放电期间阻止这种通道。这种类型的分离器是一种不具有导电性的隔离器。在电池中,隔膜是分隔负极和正极端子并允许锂离子在正极端子之间移动的屏障,是一项重要功能。目前的锂离子电池中,含有电解的横膈膜仅占电池体积的3%。
聚烯在市售锂离子电池中用作隔膜。它具有良好的机械性能、高耐化学性,而且相对便宜。聚烯是由烯烃、特别是乙烯聚合製成的聚合物的例子。乙烯是从石化产品中获得的有机化合物,而聚烯是由聚乙烯、聚丙烯或两者製成的。锂离子分离器必须具有渗透性,孔径在 30 至 100 nm 之间。
锂离子电池是快速成长的电动车市场中最有前景的解决方案之一,近年来席捲了美国汽车市场。预计到 2030 年,电动车将占美国所有消费性汽车的 40% 以上。过去 15 年电动车领域的大部分创新都可以轻鬆追溯到锂离子电池的改进。
随着越来越多的客户寻求节能、高性能和低排放气体的车辆,全球对电动车 (EDV) 的需求正在逐渐增加。锂电池使该行业得以扩展并呈现多种形式,包括混合动力汽车、插电式汽车、全电池电动车、巴士、计程车、车队和其他车辆。 Celguard 的锂离子电池隔离膜为各种 EDV 电池配置中的安全性和能源功率性能的最佳组合提供了明显的优势。该公司提供各种分离器解决方案,满足 EDV 系统的竞争性能要求,包括安全性、化学和尺寸稳定性以及循环寿命。
另一方面,Tekla 提供各种厚度的Mylar和 Melinex PET 薄膜、DuPont Teijin Films 的 Karadex PEN 薄膜和 Toyobo Film Solutions 的Teonex PEN 薄膜,用作锂离子电池隔膜和电动汽车绝缘材料。这些薄膜也是柔性印刷电路、汇流排、电容器、马达变压器、燃料电池电缆和电线的理想选择。
另一个例子是东丽公司提供的SETELA。这是一种功能强大且可靠的电池隔膜。它通常用作便携式电气和电子配件以及电动汽车中使用的锂离子二次电池的隔膜。同时,通用汽车 (General Motors) 和 MicroVast 业务部门均宣布有意于 2022 年 11 月在美国开设新的隔膜工厂。新工厂和分离器计划得到了美国能源局电池材料加工和製造倡议2 亿美元的津贴。
EVB 目前完全依赖锂离子电池,预计未来也会出现类似的趋势。此外,製造商在开发和实施 LIB 时优先考虑适当的生命週期管理,包括维修、再利用、回收和处置。随着电池需求的扩大,电动车电池隔膜市场也有望扩大。根据IEA公告,汽车锂离子(Li-ion)电池的消费量从2021年的约330GWh增加到2022年的550GWh,成长约65%。
同时,中国汽车电池的需求成长了70%以上,2022年电动车销量较2021年成长了80%,但电池需求的成长部分被插电式混合动力车份额的扩大所抵消。 2022年美国汽车电池消费量成长近80%,但电动车销量成长近55%。 BEV 和 PHEV 的全球销售量正在超过 HEV,并且随着 BEV 和 PHEV 电池性能的提高,电池需求也在增加。
陶瓷材料具有高耐热性,黏剂提供涂层和黏性,以确保整个复合隔膜结构的完整性。透过提高热稳定性,这些陶瓷涂层隔膜可以防止高温下短路,并显着提高锂离子电池的安全性。此外,陶瓷涂层隔膜与电解和正负极材料表现出优异的润湿性和保液性,大大提高了电池性能和耐用性。例如,Ube Maxell京都公司生产陶瓷涂层隔膜。对锂离子电池的隔膜进行涂层可以改善电池特性。 Ube Maxell京都提供双面涂层、黏合功能以及基于消费者规格的厚度变化。
陶瓷涂层隔膜由于其高热稳定性和机械强度而有望成为电动车电池市场中成长最快的产品,这对于电动车中的高性能锂离子电池至关重要。对更安全、更有效率的电池技术日益增长的需求正在推动这一市场的扩张。
全球电动车电池分离器市场的地理展望
电动车电池隔膜预计在亚太地区是一个巨大的市场。这是因为该地区电动车的使用量正在迅速增加,生产电动车的公司数量也在增加。特别是中国、日本和韩国,预计将成为先驱,因为它们的政府制定了法规来指导该行业,同时大力投资电池研究并促进环境保护宣传活动。此外,该地区的电动车生产正在推动对高性能电池隔膜的需求,这对于提高电池效率和安全性至关重要。
根据日本汽车经销商协会(JADA)和全国轻型汽车协会联合会(Zenkei Jikyo)的统计,截至2022年终,日本电池式电动车(BEV)销量为58,813辆,比2021年增长了2.7倍。纯电动车占比(纯电动车占乘用车销量的比例)到2022年将上升至1.7%,2021年将超过0.6%,首次达到1%大关。在日本,随着客户考虑电动车对环境和经济的影响,纯电动车的销量预计将进一步增加,该国製定了到 2035 年实现 100% 绿色汽车的强化目标。
然而,根据IEA的数据,电动轻型汽车(LDV)的锂离子磷酸盐电池约95%来自中国,其中比亚迪占据最大的市场占有率,达到50%。特斯拉贡献15%,磷酸铁锂电池占2021年的20%上升到2022年的30%。配备磷酸铁锂电池的汽车中约有85%是特斯拉汽车,其中大部分是在中国生产的。
然而,电池成本因地区而异,中国的平均价格最低,亚太其他地区最高。这种价差是由于约65%的电池芯和超过80%的正极是在中国製造的。这种充满活力的环境凸显了亚太地区在定义全球电动车电池隔膜市场方面所发挥的关键作用。亚太地区的特点是激烈的竞争和不断的技术创新,以满足不断增长的需求。
The global EV battery separator market is anticipated to register a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of over 17.45% during the forecasted period (2024-2029).
A battery is made up of two electrodes: the anode and cathode, which are two thin strips that are placed opposite to each other and are separated by a spacer called a separator. The separator is leached with electrolyte in such a manner that when it is charged, the passage of ions from the cathode to the anode is encouraged by the electrolyte, while when it is discharged, this passage is discouraged. This kind of separator is an isolator with no electrical conductivity. In a battery, separators rank as an indispensable feature; they are barriers that hold apart negative and positive terminals while enabling the movement of lithium ions between both. In current Li-ion batteries, the separator containing electrolyte accounts for only 3% of the cell's volume.
Polyolefin is used as a separator in the publicly available lithium-ion batteries. It has good mechanical properties, high chemical resistance, and a comparatively affordable price. A polyolefin is an example of a polymer that is produced from the polymerization of olefin, particularly ethylene. While ethylene is an organic compound acquired from petrochemicals, polyolefin is produced through polyethylene, polypropylene, or both. The Li-ion separator must be permeable with pore sizes ranging from 30 to 100 nm (Nm stands for nano-meter).
Lithium-ion batteries, which stand as one of the most promising solutions in the rapidly growing electric car market, have captured the American automobile market in recent years. Electric automobiles have been projected to make up 40% or even more of the total consumer automobiles in the United States by 2030. Most of the innovation experienced in electric cars in the past fifteen years could be easily traced to improvements in lithium-ion batteries.
Global demand for electric drive vehicles (EDVs) is gradually increasing as more customers want fuel-efficient, high-performance, and low-emission automobiles. Lithium batteries have enabled the industry to expand and take on various forms, including hybrids, plug-ins, full battery electrics, and vehicles such as buses, taxis, and fleets. Celgard lithium-ion battery separators provide distinct benefits for safety and optimal combinations of energy and power performance in a wide range of EDV battery cell configurations. The company provides various separator solutions to meet the competing performance requirements of EDV systems, such as safety, chemical and dimensional stability, and cycle life.
Whereas Tekra provides Mylar and Melinex PET films, Kaladex PEN films from DuPont Teijin Films, and Teonex PEN films from Toyobo Film Solutions Limited in various thicknesses for lithium-ion battery separators and insulation in electric cars. These films are also ideal for flexible printed circuits, bus bars, capacitors, motor transformers, fuel cell cables, and wiring.
Another such example is SETELA, offered by Toray Industries. It is a highly functional and reliable battery separator film. It is often used as a separator for secondary lithium-ion batteries used in portable electrical and electronic accessories and electric cars. Alongside this, the GM (General Motors) and Microvast businesses announced intentions to establish a new separator factory in the United States in November 2022. The new plant and separator project was funded by a US$200 million grant from the United States Department of Energy's Battery Materials Processing and Manufacturing Initiative.
EVBs presently exclusively utilize Lithium-ion batteries, and the same trend is expected in the future. Further, proper life cycle management, such as repair and reuse, recycling, or disposal, is prioritized by manufacturers while developing and implementing LIBs. With the growth in battery demand, the EV battery separator market is anticipated to grow. As stated by the IEA, automotive lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery consumption climbed by around 65% to 550 GWh in 2022, up from roughly 330 GWh in 2021, owing mostly to an increase in electric passenger vehicle sales, with new registrations up 55% in 2022 compared to 2021.
Along with this, the battery demand for cars expanded by over 70% in China, and electric car sales increased by 80 % in 2022 than 2021, though the battery demand rise was partially compensated by a greater share of PHEVs. Battery consumption for automobiles in the United States rose by nearly 80% in 2022, when electric car sales only managed a rise of nearly 55%. The global sales of BEV and PHEV are overtaking HEV, and because the battery capabilities of BEV and PHEV are increasing, so does their battery requirement.
Ceramic materials are very heat resistant, whilst adhesives provide stickiness to ensure the integrity of the coating and the overall composite separator structure. By enhancing thermal stability, these ceramic-coated separators can significantly improve lithium-ion battery safety by preventing short circuits at high temperatures. Ceramic-coated separators also exhibit excellent wetting and liquid retention properties with the electrolyte and positive/negative electrode materials, resulting in greatly improved battery performance and durability. Ube Maxell Kyoto, for instance, makes ceramic-coated separators. Coating the separator, a component of lithium-ion batteries, helps to improve battery properties. Ube Maxell Kyoto provides double-sided coating, adhesive function, and thickness variations based on the consumers' specifications.
Ceramic-coated separators are predicted to develop the fastest in the EV battery market owing to their higher thermal stability and mechanical strength, which are critical for high-performance lithium-ion batteries in electric cars. The growing need for safer and more efficient battery technology fuels this expansion.
GLOBAL EV BATTERY SEPARATOR MARKET GEOGRAPHICAL OUTLOOK
EV battery separators are estimated to be a massive market in the Asia Pacific region because the usage of electric cars in this area has risen rapidly, and so has the number of companies manufacturing them. In particular, China, Japan, and South Korea are expected to be the torchbearers since their governments have set up rules to guide this industry while investing heavily in battery research and promoting environmental conservation campaigns. Furthermore, the region's dominance in EV production increases demand for high-performance battery separators, which are crucial for improving battery efficiency and safety.
From the statistics provided by the Japan Automobile Dealers Association (JADA) and the Japan Mini Vehicle Association (Zenkeijikyo), it was determined that by the end of 2022, 58,813 Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) were sold in Japan, with a 2.7-fold increase from 2021. The BEV ratio (BEVs as a percentage of passenger car sales) increased to 1.7% in 2022, surpassing 0.6% in 2021 and reaching the 1% mark for the first time. Sales of BEV would further increase in Japan as the country sets an enhanced goal of having 100% environmentally friendly vehicles by 2035, and customers consider the environmental and economic impacts of electric vehicles.
Nonetheless, per the IEA, about 95% of the lithium-ion phosphate batteries for electric LDVs (Light-Duty Vehicles) were sourced from China, and BYD holds the largest market share of 50%. Tesla contributed 15%, with its proportion of LFP batteries rising from 20% in 2021 to 30% in 2022. About 85% of cars incorporating LFP batteries are Tesla cars, and most were manufactured in China.
However, battery costs vary by area, with China having the lowest average price and the rest of Asia Pacific having the highest. This pricing disparity is caused by the fact that around 65% of battery cells and over 80% of cathodes are made in China. This dynamic environment highlights Asia Pacific's key role in defining the worldwide EV battery separator market, which is characterized by fierce rivalry and ongoing innovation to satisfy rising demand.