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市场调查报告书
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1967584

生物软体动物杀虫剂市场－全球产业规模、份额、趋势、机会、预测：按类型、应用、地区和竞争格局划分，2021-2031年

Biological Molluscicides Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Opportunity, and Forecast, Segmented By Type, By Application, By Region & Competition, 2021-2031F
出版日期: | 出版商: TechSci Research | 英文 185 Pages | 商品交期: 2-3个工作天内

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简介目录

全球生物防治软体动物害虫市场预计将从 2025 年的 3.879 亿美元成长到 2031 年的 5.1215 亿美元，复合年增长率为 4.74%。

这些由细菌和植物萃取物等天然资源配製而成的害虫防治剂，旨在控制蜗牛和蛞蝓的数量，同时最大限度地减少对环境的影响。推动该市场发展的关键因素包括对合成化学品日益严格的监管以及全球对有机食品生产不断增长的需求。产业绩效指标也印证了这个正面趋势，显示这些材料的应用范围正在不断扩大。例如，国际生物防治製造商协会 (IBMA) 报告称，欧洲生物防治市场规模预计在 2024 年将达到 16 亿欧元，这凸显了经济向永续农业实践的重大转变，而这种转变正是生物防治软体动物产业的基础。

市场概览
预测期 2027-2031
市场规模：2025年 3.879亿美元
市场规模：2031年 5.1215亿美元
复合年增长率：2026-2031年 4.74%
成长最快的细分市场 金属醛
最大的市场 亚太地区

然而，新生物成分冗长且高成本的监管核准流程对市场构成重大障碍。製造商经常面临不同地区註册制度的不一致，导致产品上市延迟和研发成本增加。这种监管瓶颈减缓了先进生物解决方案的普及，尤其是在控制入侵性软体动物物种方面，阻碍了该行业有效满足快速增长的农业需求。

市场驱动因素

对合成化学软体动物控製剂的严格监管正成为全球格局转变的重要催化剂。由于甲醛等传统活性成分会在水源中残留，且对非目标野生动物具有毒性，世界各地的监管机构正积极将其从市场上移除。这种法律压力正推动着人们转向磷酸铁等生物替代品，这些替代品既能有效保护作物，又能遵守更严格的环境安全通讯协定。产业为因应这些法规而做出的策略调整已反映在主要农化公司的财务表现中。根据先正达集团于2024年4月发布的“2023年全年财务业绩”，该公司生物农药部门的销售额增长了11%，表明其正迅速摆脱对传统化学农药的商业性。

同时，全球有机和永续农业的加速发展正成为市场需求的第二个关键驱动因素。随着生产者努力获得禁止使用合成材料的认证，使用经有机认证的蜗牛和蛞蝓防治剂变得至关重要，而强调保护土壤生物多样性的低风险综合虫害管理（IPM）策略进一步推动了这一趋势。 FiBL（有机农业金融研究所）于2024年2月发布的《2024年世界有机农业》报告强调了这一市场的巨大潜力，报告指出，全球有机农地面积已超过9600万公顷。因此，领先的开发商获得了丰厚的回报。例如，Corteva AgriScience在其于2024年2月发布的《2023财年年度报告》中指出，其生物农药产品组合的净销售额已达到约4.2亿美元，凸显了这一以永续性为导向的领域的巨大经济价值。

市场挑战

冗长且高成本的监管核准流程是全球生物软体动物市场扩张的一大障碍。生物活性成分通常需遵循最初为合成化学品製定的註册框架，而这些框架往往并不适用于天然化合物。这种不匹配导致不同司法管辖区对数据的要求繁多，测试通讯协定也各不相同，迫使生产商将大量资源投入合规而非创新。因此，新型生物软体动物产品上市所需时间大幅延长，导致获利延迟，并阻碍了缺乏足够财力应对复杂繁琐审批流程的中小型生物技术公司进行投资。

这种监管效率低下直接限制了农业生产者获得永续害虫防治方案的机会。当产品核可停滞不前时，该行业无法迅速应对新出现的入侵性软体动物威胁，迫使农民依赖过时的化学处理方法。近期行业统计数据表明，这种营运限制的严重性不容忽视。根据国际生物医学製造商协会（IBMA）的数据，到2024年，欧盟生物医学解决方案的监管审查期限已延长至最长10年。这一期限与其他农业市场快速得多的审查週期形成鲜明对比，严重阻碍了该行业的扩张和有效竞争力。

市场趋势

随着製造商努力克服传统生物防治方法的有效性局限性，对微生物和线虫解决方案的研发投入不断增加，产品平臺正在发生根本性的变化。领先的农药公司正积极将研发重点转向发酵技术和寄生线虫（例如雌雄同体线虫），开发出杀螺剂，其杀螺效果可与合成化学品媲美，同时又能规避严格的残留物法规。这种创新驱动力得益于以永续投入为核心的产品系列的商业性成功。根据UPL有限公司于2024年5月发布的“2024年第四季度及全年业绩更新”，其差异化和永续产品组合（包括天然植物保护解决方案）的销售额已增长至其作物保护业务总额的约35%，这表明市场正显着转向这些先进的生物技术。

同时，生物防治剂在可控环境农业（CEA）和温室中的应用日益广泛，正成为该产业的高价值成长领域。在高湿度环境下种植作物，而这种环境会促进蛞蝓和蜗牛的繁殖，种植者越来越依赖生物药品来满足高端零售供应链的零残留需求。这种需求正在推动大规模资本投资，旨在扩大用于覆盖作物的特殊生物防治剂的生产。例如，在2024年1月发布的题为「M&G Investments向Biobest投资7,500万欧元」的新闻稿中，Biobest集团宣布已获得7,500万欧元的股权投资，用于支持其在全球生物农药市场的持续业务扩张，凸显了支撑这一细分农业领域的强劲资金势头。

目录

第一章概述

第二章：调查方法

第三章执行摘要

第四章：客户心声

第五章：生物性软体动物杀虫剂的全球市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
    • 按金额
  • 市占率及预测
    • 按类型（金属醛、甲硫威、磷酸亚铁、其他）
    • 依用途（田间作物、园艺作物、草坪/观赏植物、工业用途、其他）
    • 按地区
    • 按公司（2025 年）
  • 市场地图

第六章：北美生物贝类杀虫剂市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 北美洲：国别分析
    • 我们
    • 加拿大
    • 墨西哥

第七章：欧洲生物贝类杀虫剂市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 欧洲：国别分析
    • 德国
    • 法国
    • 英国
    • 义大利
    • 西班牙

第八章：亚太地区生物贝类杀虫剂市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 亚太地区：国别分析
    • 中国
    • 印度
    • 日本
    • 韩国
    • 澳洲

第九章：中东和非洲生物贝类杀虫剂市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 中东与非洲：国别分析
    • 沙乌地阿拉伯
    • 阿拉伯聯合大公国
    • 南非

第十章：南美洲生物贝类杀虫剂市场展望

  • 市场规模及预测
  • 市占率及预测
  • 南美洲：国别分析
    • 巴西
    • 哥伦比亚
    • 阿根廷

第十一章 市场动态

  • 促进因素
  • 任务

第十二章 市场趋势与发展

  • 併购
  • 产品发布
  • 近期趋势

第十三章：全球生物软体动物杀虫剂市场：SWOT分析

第十四章：波特五力分析

  • 产业竞争
  • 新进入者的潜力
  • 供应商的议价能力
  • 顾客权力
  • 替代品的威胁

第十五章 竞争格局

  • Lonza Group Ltd.
  • Bayer CropScience Limited
  • AMVAC Chemical Corporation
  • BASF SE
  • Adama Agricultural Solutions Ltd
  • De Sangosse Ltd
  • Syngenta Crop Protection AG
  • QINGDAO HISIGMA CHEMICALS CO., LTD
  • INDUSTRIALCHIMICA SRL
  • Doff Portland Ltd

第十六章 策略建议

第十七章：关于研究公司及免责声明

简介目录
Product Code: 23421

The Global Biological Molluscicides Market is projected to expand from USD 387.90 Million in 2025 to USD 512.15 Million by 2031, reflecting a compound annual growth rate of 4.74%. These pest control agents, formulated from natural sources such as bacteria and plant extracts, are designed to suppress snail and slug populations with negligible environmental impact. The primary forces driving this market include increasingly stringent prohibitions on synthetic chemicals and a growing global appetite for organic food production. This positive momentum is corroborated by sector performance metrics indicating wider acceptance of these inputs; for instance, the International Biocontrol Manufacturers Association reported in 2024 that the European biocontrol market reached a valuation of 1.6 billion Euros, highlighting a significant economic shift toward sustainable agricultural methods that supports the biological molluscicide industry.

Market Overview
Forecast Period2027-2031
Market Size 2025USD 387.90 Million
Market Size 2031USD 512.15 Million
CAGR 2026-20314.74%
Fastest Growing SegmentMetaldehyde
Largest MarketAsia Pacific

However, the market faces a substantial hurdle in the form of lengthy and costly regulatory approval procedures for new biological ingredients. Manufacturers frequently encounter disjointed registration systems across various regions, which delays product launches and inflates development expenses. This regulatory bottleneck notably retards the deployment of advanced biological solutions required to manage invasive mollusk species, thereby preventing the industry from effectively satisfying the escalating agricultural demand.

Market Driver

Rigorous regulatory constraints regarding synthetic chemical molluscicides act as the principal catalyst reshaping the global landscape. Authorities worldwide are actively removing conventional active ingredients, such as metaldehyde, from the market due to their persistence in water sources and toxicity to non-target wildlife. This legislative pressure compels a shift toward biological substitutes like ferric phosphate, which adhere to tighter environmental safety protocols while ensuring effective crop protection. The industry's strategic pivot in response to these regulations is reflected in the financial results of major agrochemical entities; according to Syngenta Group's 'Full Year 2023 Financial Results' released in April 2024, sales within their Biologicals segment increased by 11 percent, demonstrating a rapid commercial transition away from traditional chemistries.

Simultaneously, the accelerated growth of global organic farming and sustainable agriculture functions as a second vital driver of market demand. As producers strive to attain certifications that ban synthetic inputs, the use of organically approved snail and slug control formulations becomes mandatory, a trend further supported by Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies favoring low-risk options to protect soil biodiversity. The scale of this market potential is highlighted by the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) in its February 2024 'World of Organic Agriculture 2024' report, which notes that global organic agricultural land has surpassed 96 million hectares. Consequently, leading developers are seeing substantial revenue; for example, Corteva Agriscience reported in its February 2024 '2023 Annual Report' that its biologicals portfolio achieved net sales of roughly 420 million U.S. Dollars, underscoring the strong economic value of this sustainability-oriented sector.

Market Challenge

The protracted and expensive regulatory approval process constitutes a significant barrier to the expansion of the Global Biological Molluscicides Market. Biological active ingredients are frequently subjected to registration frameworks originally established for synthetic chemicals, which are often inappropriate for natural compounds. This lack of alignment leads to exhaustive data demands and disparate testing protocols across various jurisdictions, compelling manufacturers to direct significant resources toward compliance rather than innovation. As a result, the time needed to introduce new biological molluscicides to the market is dramatically extended, postponing revenue streams and discouraging investment from smaller biotechnology firms that lack the financial resilience to manage such complex bureaucratic requirements.

This regulatory inefficiency directly limits the accessibility of sustainable pest control solutions for agricultural producers. When product approvals are stalled, the industry is unable to react quickly to new invasive mollusk threats, forcing farmers to depend on outdated chemical treatments. The gravity of this operational constraint is illustrated by recent industry statistics; according to the International Biocontrol Manufacturers Association in 2024, the regulatory review timeline for biocontrol solutions in the European Union has stretched to as long as ten years. This duration is in sharp contrast to the more expedited timelines seen in other agricultural markets, significantly hindering the sector's capacity to expand and compete effectively.

Market Trends

Increasing research and development spending on microbial and nematode-based solutions is fundamentally transforming product pipelines as manufacturers aim to address the efficacy limitations of earlier biological generations. Leading agrochemical firms are aggressively shifting focus toward fermentation technologies and parasitic nematodes, such as Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, to create molluscicides that achieve mortality rates similar to synthetic chemicals while avoiding strict residue restrictions. This push for innovation is substantiated by the commercial performance of portfolios focused on these sustainable inputs; according to UPL Ltd's 'Q4 & Full Year FY24 Results Update' from May 2024, the share of the company's differentiated and sustainable portfolio, which includes natural plant protection solutions, increased to roughly 35 percent of its total crop protection revenue, indicating a strong market transition toward these advanced biological technologies.

Concurrently, the rising use of biological molluscicides in Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) and greenhouses represents a high-value growth avenue for the industry. Growers in these high-humidity settings, which are conducive to slug and snail proliferation, are increasingly turning to biological agents to meet the zero-residue requirements of premium retail supply chains. This demand is driving significant capital investment intended to expand the production of specialized biological controls for covered crops. For instance, Biobest Group announced in a January 2024 press release titled 'M&G Investments Invests EUR 75 Million In Biobest' that it had secured an equity investment of 75 million Euros to fund its ongoing expansion in the global biological crop protection market, highlighting the substantial financial momentum supporting this niche agricultural sector.

Key Market Players

  • Lonza Group Ltd.
  • Bayer CropScience Limited
  • AMVAC Chemical Corporation
  • BASF SE
  • Adama Agricultural Solutions Ltd
  • De Sangosse Ltd
  • Syngenta Crop Protection AG
  • QINGDAO HISIGMA CHEMICALS CO., LTD
  • INDUSTRIALCHIMICA S.R.L.
  • Doff Portland Ltd

Report Scope

In this report, the Global Biological Molluscicides Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

Biological Molluscicides Market, By Type

  • Metaldehyde
  • Methiocarb
  • Ferrous Phosphate
  • Others

Biological Molluscicides Market, By Application

  • Field Crops
  • Horticultural Crops
  • Turf & Ornamentals
  • Industrial
  • Other

Biological Molluscicides Market, By Region

  • North America
    • United States
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • France
    • United Kingdom
    • Italy
    • Germany
    • Spain
  • Asia Pacific
    • China
    • India
    • Japan
    • Australia
    • South Korea
  • South America
    • Brazil
    • Argentina
    • Colombia
  • Middle East & Africa
    • South Africa
    • Saudi Arabia
    • UAE

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Biological Molluscicides Market.

Available Customizations:

Global Biological Molluscicides Market report with the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

Company Information

  • Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).

Table of Contents

1. Product Overview

  • 1.1. Market Definition
  • 1.2. Scope of the Market
    • 1.2.1. Markets Covered
    • 1.2.2. Years Considered for Study
    • 1.2.3. Key Market Segmentations

2. Research Methodology

  • 2.1. Objective of the Study
  • 2.2. Baseline Methodology
  • 2.3. Key Industry Partners
  • 2.4. Major Association and Secondary Sources
  • 2.5. Forecasting Methodology
  • 2.6. Data Triangulation & Validation
  • 2.7. Assumptions and Limitations

3. Executive Summary

  • 3.1. Overview of the Market
  • 3.2. Overview of Key Market Segmentations
  • 3.3. Overview of Key Market Players
  • 3.4. Overview of Key Regions/Countries
  • 3.5. Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, Trends

4. Voice of Customer

5. Global Biological Molluscicides Market Outlook

  • 5.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 5.1.1. By Value
  • 5.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 5.2.1. By Type (Metaldehyde, Methiocarb, Ferrous Phosphate, Others)
    • 5.2.2. By Application (Field Crops, Horticultural Crops, Turf & Ornamentals, Industrial, Other)
    • 5.2.3. By Region
    • 5.2.4. By Company (2025)
  • 5.3. Market Map

6. North America Biological Molluscicides Market Outlook

  • 6.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 6.1.1. By Value
  • 6.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 6.2.1. By Type
    • 6.2.2. By Application
    • 6.2.3. By Country
  • 6.3. North America: Country Analysis
    • 6.3.1. United States Biological Molluscicides Market Outlook
      • 6.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.1.2.1. By Type
        • 6.3.1.2.2. By Application
    • 6.3.2. Canada Biological Molluscicides Market Outlook
      • 6.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.2.2.1. By Type
        • 6.3.2.2.2. By Application
    • 6.3.3. Mexico Biological Molluscicides Market Outlook
      • 6.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.3.2.1. By Type
        • 6.3.3.2.2. By Application

7. Europe Biological Molluscicides Market Outlook

  • 7.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 7.1.1. By Value
  • 7.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 7.2.1. By Type
    • 7.2.2. By Application
    • 7.2.3. By Country
  • 7.3. Europe: Country Analysis
    • 7.3.1. Germany Biological Molluscicides Market Outlook
      • 7.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.1.2.1. By Type
        • 7.3.1.2.2. By Application
    • 7.3.2. France Biological Molluscicides Market Outlook
      • 7.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.2.2.1. By Type
        • 7.3.2.2.2. By Application
    • 7.3.3. United Kingdom Biological Molluscicides Market Outlook
      • 7.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.3.2.1. By Type
        • 7.3.3.2.2. By Application
    • 7.3.4. Italy Biological Molluscicides Market Outlook
      • 7.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.4.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.4.2.1. By Type
        • 7.3.4.2.2. By Application
    • 7.3.5. Spain Biological Molluscicides Market Outlook
      • 7.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.5.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.5.2.1. By Type
        • 7.3.5.2.2. By Application

8. Asia Pacific Biological Molluscicides Market Outlook

  • 8.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 8.1.1. By Value
  • 8.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 8.2.1. By Type
    • 8.2.2. By Application
    • 8.2.3. By Country
  • 8.3. Asia Pacific: Country Analysis
    • 8.3.1. China Biological Molluscicides Market Outlook
      • 8.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.1.2.1. By Type
        • 8.3.1.2.2. By Application
    • 8.3.2. India Biological Molluscicides Market Outlook
      • 8.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.2.2.1. By Type
        • 8.3.2.2.2. By Application
    • 8.3.3. Japan Biological Molluscicides Market Outlook
      • 8.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.3.2.1. By Type
        • 8.3.3.2.2. By Application
    • 8.3.4. South Korea Biological Molluscicides Market Outlook
      • 8.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.4.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.4.2.1. By Type
        • 8.3.4.2.2. By Application
    • 8.3.5. Australia Biological Molluscicides Market Outlook
      • 8.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.5.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.5.2.1. By Type
        • 8.3.5.2.2. By Application

9. Middle East & Africa Biological Molluscicides Market Outlook

  • 9.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 9.1.1. By Value
  • 9.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 9.2.1. By Type
    • 9.2.2. By Application
    • 9.2.3. By Country
  • 9.3. Middle East & Africa: Country Analysis
    • 9.3.1. Saudi Arabia Biological Molluscicides Market Outlook
      • 9.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.1.2.1. By Type
        • 9.3.1.2.2. By Application
    • 9.3.2. UAE Biological Molluscicides Market Outlook
      • 9.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.2.2.1. By Type
        • 9.3.2.2.2. By Application
    • 9.3.3. South Africa Biological Molluscicides Market Outlook
      • 9.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.3.2.1. By Type
        • 9.3.3.2.2. By Application

10. South America Biological Molluscicides Market Outlook

  • 10.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 10.1.1. By Value
  • 10.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 10.2.1. By Type
    • 10.2.2. By Application
    • 10.2.3. By Country
  • 10.3. South America: Country Analysis
    • 10.3.1. Brazil Biological Molluscicides Market Outlook
      • 10.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.1.2.1. By Type
        • 10.3.1.2.2. By Application
    • 10.3.2. Colombia Biological Molluscicides Market Outlook
      • 10.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.2.2.1. By Type
        • 10.3.2.2.2. By Application
    • 10.3.3. Argentina Biological Molluscicides Market Outlook
      • 10.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.3.2.1. By Type
        • 10.3.3.2.2. By Application

11. Market Dynamics

  • 11.1. Drivers
  • 11.2. Challenges

12. Market Trends & Developments

  • 12.1. Merger & Acquisition (If Any)
  • 12.2. Product Launches (If Any)
  • 12.3. Recent Developments

13. Global Biological Molluscicides Market: SWOT Analysis

14. Porter's Five Forces Analysis

  • 14.1. Competition in the Industry
  • 14.2. Potential of New Entrants
  • 14.3. Power of Suppliers
  • 14.4. Power of Customers
  • 14.5. Threat of Substitute Products

15. Competitive Landscape

  • 15.1. Lonza Group Ltd.
    • 15.1.1. Business Overview
    • 15.1.2. Products & Services
    • 15.1.3. Recent Developments
    • 15.1.4. Key Personnel
    • 15.1.5. SWOT Analysis
  • 15.2. Bayer CropScience Limited
  • 15.3. AMVAC Chemical Corporation
  • 15.4. BASF SE
  • 15.5. Adama Agricultural Solutions Ltd
  • 15.6. De Sangosse Ltd
  • 15.7. Syngenta Crop Protection AG
  • 15.8. QINGDAO HISIGMA CHEMICALS CO., LTD
  • 15.9. INDUSTRIALCHIMICA S.R.L.
  • 15.10. Doff Portland Ltd

16. Strategic Recommendations

17. About Us & Disclaimer